CrystEngCommPub Date : 2025-07-17DOI: 10.1039/D5CE00669D
Guoshu Gao, Yumeng Zhao, Peng Zhu, Cun Liu, Xiongfu Zhang, Feichao Wu and Guohui Yang
{"title":"Fabrication of high-quality ZIF-67 tubular membranes by the self-conversion of a Co–EG layer for methanol/tert-butyl ether separation†","authors":"Guoshu Gao, Yumeng Zhao, Peng Zhu, Cun Liu, Xiongfu Zhang, Feichao Wu and Guohui Yang","doi":"10.1039/D5CE00669D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5CE00669D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) membranes, with rigid micropores and excellent stability, show great potential in the pervaporation separation of methanol/<em>tert</em>-butyl ether (MeOH/MTBE) mixtures. However, it remains challenging to fabricate high-quality ZIF-67 membranes due to the high nucleation rate of ZIF-67 in the bulk solutions. Herein, we report the fabrication of a high-quality ZIF-67 tubular membrane by the self-conversion of a cobalt–ethylene glycol complex (Co–EG) layer that was introduced on the substrate by a dip-coating method. The highly reactive Co–EG template layer would induce the crystallization and growth ZIF-67 grains on the substrate surface, resulting in the formation of a dense ZIF-67 membrane at room temperature. The obtained MOF membrane displays an excellent separation performance in separating 14.3 wt% MeOH/MTBE mixture, presenting a total flux of 2.92 kg m<small><sup>−2</sup></small> h<small><sup>−1</sup></small> and separation factor of 8945. Besides, an outstanding long-term operating stability is also achieved, benefiting from the Co–EG layer acting as an anchoring medium.</p>","PeriodicalId":70,"journal":{"name":"CrystEngComm","volume":" 35","pages":" 5855-5861"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145007854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CrystEngCommPub Date : 2025-07-17DOI: 10.1039/D5CE00505A
Biplab Halder, Puspendu Middya, Antonio Frontera, Michael G. B. Drew and Shouvik Chattopadhyay
{"title":"The interplay between coordination and non-covalent interactions in three zinc coordination polymers†","authors":"Biplab Halder, Puspendu Middya, Antonio Frontera, Michael G. B. Drew and Shouvik Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.1039/D5CE00505A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5CE00505A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The synthesis and characterization of three zinc(<small>II</small>) polymers, [(μ-OAc)<small><sub>3</sub></small>Zn<small><sub>2</sub></small>L<small><sup>1</sup></small>]<small><sub><em>n</em></sub></small>·0.5nH<small><sub>2</sub></small>O (<strong>1</strong>), [(μ-OAc)<small><sub>3</sub></small>Zn<small><sub>2</sub></small>L<small><sup>2</sup></small>]<small><sub><em>n</em></sub></small> (<strong>2</strong>), [(μ-OAc)<small><sub>3</sub></small>Zn<small><sub>2</sub></small>L<small><sup>3</sup></small>]<small><sub><em>n</em></sub></small> (<strong>3</strong>), using three tridentate ligands, HL<small><sup>1</sup></small> {2-(((2-(diethylamino)ethyl)amino)methyl)phenol}, HL<small><sup>2</sup></small> {4-chloro-2-(((3-(dimethylamino)propyl)amino)methyl)phenol} and HL<small><sup>3</sup></small> {4-bromo-2-(((3-(dimethylamino)propyl)amino)methyl)phenol}, have been reported in this manuscript. The structures were confirmed by SC-XRD analysis. The DFT study analyzes the cooperative roles of bridging acetate co-ligands and NH⋯O hydrogen bonds. A structural survey of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) reveals that polymeric complexes derived from reduced bicompartmental Schiff base ligands are rare, emphasizing the unique structural features and supramolecular assembly observed in the present work.</p>","PeriodicalId":70,"journal":{"name":"CrystEngComm","volume":" 33","pages":" 5583-5594"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144868560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CrystEngCommPub Date : 2025-07-16DOI: 10.1039/D5CE00519A
Oju Kwon, Minsu Kim, Jaeyeon Kim, Jaekyung Lee, Subin Lee, Jaeho Lee and Jooheon Kim
{"title":"Multistage pore structure in Bi2Te3/SiC composites: achieving lower thermal conductivity and enhanced thermoelectric Performance†","authors":"Oju Kwon, Minsu Kim, Jaeyeon Kim, Jaekyung Lee, Subin Lee, Jaeho Lee and Jooheon Kim","doi":"10.1039/D5CE00519A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5CE00519A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study presents a novel approach to enhancing thermoelectric performance by developing Bi<small><sub>2</sub></small>Te<small><sub>3</sub></small>/SiC composites with a multistage pore structure aimed at reducing thermal conductivity. The composites were synthesized using a combination of hydroxylation, silane functionalization, and CTAB surface modification to ensure improved interfacial interactions and a well-dispersed composite structure. The introduction of a multistage pore network resulted in enhanced phonon scattering, leading to a significant reduction in thermal conductivity to 0.19 W m<small><sup>−1</sup></small> K<small><sup>−1</sup></small>. Consequently, the figure of merit (ZT) reached a remarkable value of 0.53 at 300 K, showcasing the effectiveness of multistage pore engineering in balancing phonon suppression and electrical transport. These findings indicate that the multistage pore structures and surface-functionalization techniques are an effective strategy for enhancing thermoelectric materials by optimizing phonon scattering and charge transport.</p>","PeriodicalId":70,"journal":{"name":"CrystEngComm","volume":" 30","pages":" 5173-5183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CrystEngCommPub Date : 2025-07-16DOI: 10.1039/D5CE00467E
Mayank Vashishtha and K. Vasanth Kumar
{"title":"Nucleation rate and Gibbs free energy of nucleation of APIs, large molecule, amino acid and inorganic materials in solution at different cooling rates†","authors":"Mayank Vashishtha and K. Vasanth Kumar","doi":"10.1039/D5CE00467E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5CE00467E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We propose a new mathematical model based on the classical nucleation theory to predict the nucleation rate, kinetic constant, and Gibbs free energy of nucleation using metastable zone width (MSZW) data as a function of solubility temperature. Unlike widely used models by Nývlt, Kubota, and Sangwal, which are limited in capturing the impact of varying cooling rates, the proposed model allows direct estimation of nucleation rates from MSZW data obtained under different cooling conditions. This is particularly advantageous for continuous or semi-batch crystallisation design, where cooling rate is a critical variable. The model has been successfully validated using experimental data from 22 solute–solvent systems, including 10 APIs, one API intermediate, lysozyme, and glycine, as well as 8 inorganic compounds. Predicted nucleation rates span from 10<small><sup>20</sup></small> to 10<small><sup>24</sup></small> molecules per m<small><sup>3</sup></small> s for APIs, and up to 10<small><sup>34</sup></small> molecules per m<small><sup>3</sup></small> s for lysozyme, the largest molecule studied. Gibbs free energy of nucleation varies from 4 to 49 kJ mol<small><sup>−1</sup></small> for most compounds, reaching 87 kJ mol<small><sup>−1</sup></small> for lysozyme. The model also enables accurate prediction of induction time and key thermodynamic parameters such as surface free energy, critical nucleus size, and number of unit cells—based solely on MSZW data obtained at different cooling rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":70,"journal":{"name":"CrystEngComm","volume":" 31","pages":" 5265-5278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ce/d5ce00467e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CrystEngCommPub Date : 2025-07-16DOI: 10.1039/D5CE00556F
Meng-ran Song, Qun-yan Wu, Wei Jin, Zhi-wei Huang, Kong-qiu Hu, Li-yong Yuan, Wei Wen, Wei-qun Shi and Lei Mei
{"title":"Tuning N-donor coordination and assembly structures in uranyl compounds of carboxylate ligands with divergent vinyl pyridine groups†","authors":"Meng-ran Song, Qun-yan Wu, Wei Jin, Zhi-wei Huang, Kong-qiu Hu, Li-yong Yuan, Wei Wen, Wei-qun Shi and Lei Mei","doi":"10.1039/D5CE00556F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5CE00556F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >As N-donors exhibit weaker bonding with uranyl ions than O-donors, the coordination ability of a single N-donor in hetero-donor ligands to a uranyl ion is rarely explored without the aid of <em>ortho</em>-carboxyl groups. In this work, two hetero-donor ligands with divergent pyridine and carboxylate groups linked <em>via</em> a vinyl unit as the spacer and one N-methylated derivate were used to coordinate hydrothermally with uranyl ions, and six uranyl compounds (<strong>1–6</strong>) were synthesized. The molecular structures and physico-chemical properties of these compounds were investigated using single crystal X-ray diffraction and theoretical calculations, together with infrared (IR) spectroscopy, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Results showed that the pyridinyl N-donor in these compounds possessed the ability to participate in uranyl coordination, and its coordination behaviour could be regulated <em>via</em> structural modification or by employing a secondary organic carboxylic acid as a competing ligand. Furthermore, <strong>1</strong> and <strong>2</strong> were assessed for their gas-phase iodine sorption capability; their maximum iodine sorption capacities were determined to be 122 mg g<small><sup>−1</sup></small> and 100 mg g<small><sup>−1</sup></small>, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman analysis confirmed iodine sorption mainly as triiodide (I<small><sub>3</sub></small><small><sup>−</sup></small>), indicating electron transfer between the guest iodine molecules and electron-rich framework of <strong>1</strong> or <strong>2</strong>. These results demonstrate the ability of single N-donors to coordinate with uranyl ions and also highlight the potential of uranyl-based hybrid materials for environmental remediation applications, such as iodine capture.</p>","PeriodicalId":70,"journal":{"name":"CrystEngComm","volume":" 33","pages":" 5603-5612"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144868562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Noncovalent synergistic-directed crystallization (NSDC): a halogen engineering strategy for multifunctional energetic crystals†","authors":"Cong Li, Zu-jia Lu, Chao Zhang, Mei-qi Xu, Bin-shan Zhao, Qi-yao Yu and Jian-guo Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D5CE00606F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5CE00606F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Achieving simultaneous optimization of energy density and safety performance remains a fundamental challenge in energetic materials science. Conventional design paradigms fail to address the cooperative regulation of weak intermolecular interactions governing crystal packing. Herein, we propose a halogen engineering strategy—noncovalent synergistic-directed crystallization (NSDC)—to decouple electronic effects from steric constraints for programmable control over solid-state architectures. Two heterocyclic systems, 1-(difluoromethyl)-5-methyl-4-nitro-1<em>H</em>-benzo[<em>d</em>][1,2,3]triazole (DFMNBT) and 3-iodo-4-nitropyrazole (INP), were designed to probe orthogonal noncovalent interaction networks. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction integrated with Hirshfeld surface analysis reveals that fluorine atoms direct antiparallel π–π stacking through dipole polarization (interlayer distance: 3.45–3.62 Å), while iodine atoms template lamellar growth <em>via</em> directional halogen bonding (I⋯O: 3.01 Å, <em>θ</em> = 178°). Density functional theory calculations indicate that, in the absence of strong hydrogen bonds between amino and nitro groups, fluorine substitution achieves high lattice energy through the synergistic effect of multiple weak interactions (111.08 <em>vs.</em> 125.71 kJ mol<small><sup>−1</sup></small> for TATB), whereas iodine incorporation constructs 3D frameworks through synergistic I⋯O halogen bonds (11.46 kJ mol<small><sup>−1</sup></small>) and halogen-π interactions, boosting lattice energy by 15.55% <em>versus</em> non-halogenated analogues. This work establishes a dual-pronged strategy for predictive engineering of multifunctional energetic crystals, resolving the long-standing energy-safety trade-off.</p>","PeriodicalId":70,"journal":{"name":"CrystEngComm","volume":" 31","pages":" 5346-5355"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CrystEngCommPub Date : 2025-07-15DOI: 10.1039/D5CE00455A
Jian-Jie Xu, Lin-Lin Wang, Ying-Long Wang, Gui-Xiong Guo, Jian-Ming Liu, Li-Xiong Dai, Min Liu and Qiong-Hua Jin
{"title":"Crystal engineering of rare earth heteroleptic complexes: phosphine oxide ligand control, POM-directed assembly, and performance metrics","authors":"Jian-Jie Xu, Lin-Lin Wang, Ying-Long Wang, Gui-Xiong Guo, Jian-Ming Liu, Li-Xiong Dai, Min Liu and Qiong-Hua Jin","doi":"10.1039/D5CE00455A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5CE00455A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study explores crystal engineering strategies for rare earth heteroleptic complexes, focusing on ligand design, supramolecular control, and functional performance. Phosphine oxide ligands (TPPO) synergize steric/electronic effects to stabilize coordination geometries, while mixed-ligand systems (<em>e.g.</em>, TPPO/phen) enhance Eu<small><sup>3+</sup></small> luminescence (26.88% quantum yield). Polyoxometalates (POMs) template 3D architectures <em>via</em> hydrogen/charge interactions, enabling >95% photocatalytic dye degradation and >200 °C thermal stability. Rare earth-transition metal systems integrate 2D/3D topologies and multifunctionality (luminescence, gas adsorption) through electronic coupling. Additionally, carbon-based oxygen ligand systems (<em>e.g.</em>, β-diketonates) demonstrate the applicability of these core strategies—leveraging synergistic N-donor coordination and supramolecular interactions to achieve advanced functionalities like temperature-responsive luminescence. Future work will prioritize flexible ligand engineering and stimuli-responsive designs for applications in clean energy and quantum technologies, establishing a roadmap for advanced rare earth materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":70,"journal":{"name":"CrystEngComm","volume":" 32","pages":" 5389-5397"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ce/d5ce00455a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CrystEngCommPub Date : 2025-07-15DOI: 10.1039/D5CE00437C
Lei Chen, Zhili Shen, Deren Kong, Chong Zhang, Bingcheng Hu and Chao Gao
{"title":"Improving the anti-hygroscopicity and safety of hydroxylamine pentazolate salt (NH3OH+N5−) by cocrystallization†","authors":"Lei Chen, Zhili Shen, Deren Kong, Chong Zhang, Bingcheng Hu and Chao Gao","doi":"10.1039/D5CE00437C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5CE00437C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >As a research hotspot in energetic materials, pentazolate salts have been restricted in widespread application due to their strong hygroscopicity and high sensitivity. In this study, a cocrystal of NH<small><sub>3</sub></small>OH<small><sup>+</sup></small>N<small><sub>5</sub></small><small><sup>−</sup></small> and 18-crown-6 (18C6) was prepared (1 : 1 molar ratio) <em>via</em> the solvent-evaporation method. It was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and noncovalent interaction analysis. Crystal structure analysis shows that hydrogen bonds between NH<small><sub>3</sub></small>OH<small><sup>+</sup></small> cations and the 18C6 ring drive cocrystal formation. Non-covalent interaction analysis shows that in NH<small><sub>3</sub></small>OH<small><sup>+</sup></small>N<small><sub>5</sub></small><small><sup>−</sup></small> and the cocrystal, N–H⋯N (63.9%) and N–H⋯O (43.0%) hydrogen bonds account for a significant proportion of the weak interactions, respectively. The results confirm that cocrystal formation improves the anti-hygroscopicity and safety of the compound (IS = 25 J, FS = 192 N).</p>","PeriodicalId":70,"journal":{"name":"CrystEngComm","volume":" 31","pages":" 5312-5318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CrystEngCommPub Date : 2025-07-12DOI: 10.1039/D5CE00500K
Yoshihisa Suzuki, Hiroyasu Katsuno, Masahide Sato and Keigo Kishida
{"title":"Stable non-compact prenucleation clusters of attractive colloidal crystals observed directly†","authors":"Yoshihisa Suzuki, Hiroyasu Katsuno, Masahide Sato and Keigo Kishida","doi":"10.1039/D5CE00500K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5CE00500K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Prenucleation clustering is key to understanding elementary processes of nucleation more precisely. Although <em>in situ</em>, real-time observation of the clustering processes of atomic or molecular crystals is generally difficult due to their very small sizes and extremely high mobilities, we directly observed prenucleation clusters of two-dimensional (2D) colloidal crystals of polystyrene particles in aqueous sodium polyacrylate solution. Cluster dynamics were tracked seamlessly prior to critical nuclei formation. Contrary to the expectation that compact clusters are more stable, we found that non-compact clusters were more prevalent among trimers. This suggests that non-compact clusters possess higher configurational entropy and lower Gibbs energy of cluster formation than compact clusters.</p>","PeriodicalId":70,"journal":{"name":"CrystEngComm","volume":" 33","pages":" 5613-5617"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144868563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CrystEngCommPub Date : 2025-07-11DOI: 10.1039/D5CE00549C
Yanfei Li, Zhi Xiao, Wen Qiao, Ru Bai, Tiejun Zhou and Shiming Yan
{"title":"AlN/Ti2CO2 van der Waals heterostructure: a direct Z-scheme photocatalyst for efficient photocatalytic water splitting†","authors":"Yanfei Li, Zhi Xiao, Wen Qiao, Ru Bai, Tiejun Zhou and Shiming Yan","doi":"10.1039/D5CE00549C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5CE00549C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study proposes a direct Z-scheme AlN/Ti<small><sub>2</sub></small>CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> van der Waals (VdWs) heterostructure for efficient photocatalytic water splitting. Through first-principles calculations, we systematically investigated the structural stability, electronic properties, carrier dynamics, and photocatalytic performance of the AlN/Ti<small><sub>2</sub></small>CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> van der Waals heterostructure. The electronic structure calculations indicate that the heterostructure has a type-II alignment and exhibits high carrier mobilities. The built-in electric field at the interface facilitates Z-scheme charge transfer, preserving high redox potentials for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The free energy calculation indicates that the AlN/Ti<small><sub>2</sub></small>CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> heterostructure has high activity for overall water splitting. The heterostructure achieves broad visible-light absorption with significantly improved coefficients compared to individual monolayers. Strain engineering can be employed to modulate the bandgap, band edge positions and light absorption, thereby optimizing the photocatalytic water-splitting performance of the heterostructure. These findings highlight the AlN/Ti<small><sub>2</sub></small>CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> heterostructure as a promising, tunable photocatalyst for solar-driven water splitting, offering a framework for designing high-efficiency, low-carbon hydrogen production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":70,"journal":{"name":"CrystEngComm","volume":" 30","pages":" 5193-5203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}