政治经济学季刊最新文献

{"title":"New Development in the Labor Theory of Value under Joint Production: Discussion on the Keys and Fallacies of “Steedman's Puzzle”","authors":"忠任 张","doi":"10.26599/peo.2022.9310103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/peo.2022.9310103","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 在马克思主义经济学研究中,联合生产问题之所以引人注目,最初是因为斯蒂德曼于1975年提出在联合生产的条件下会出现正的利润与负的剩余价值并存的现象,即所谓的“斯蒂德曼之谜”,并用来作为否定劳动价值论的武器,产生了极其不良的国际影响。本文表明,只要把联合生产最初的产品-生产过程模式变更为部门-部门模式,就能够克服斯拉法分析方法的局限性,由此可以阐明联合生产方法与马克思主义经济学是兼容的,不仅不存在矛盾,而且可以用来分析资源约束条件下的经济增长问题,并可以通过完善负价值的概念,运用劳动价值论来解释环境污染问题与被污染环境的修复问题。本文还构筑了联合生产下的价值决定模型以及联合生产下价值向生产价格转形模型,并给出这两种模型存在唯一正解的条件,从而彻底破解“斯蒂德曼之谜”所提出的诘难。本文不仅拓展了劳动价值论的研究手段,而且丰富了劳动价值论的应用范围。\u0000","PeriodicalId":70912,"journal":{"name":"政治经济学季刊","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86281870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern Monetary Theory: Critique, Absorption and Practice","authors":"宇 邵, 达飞 陈","doi":"10.26599/peo.2022.9310107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/peo.2022.9310107","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 2020年初,受新冠肺炎疫情的冲击,西方国家纷纷采取了财政、货币双宽松的政策,这被认为是现代货币理论(MMT)“财政赤字货币化”的实践。国内也出台了减税降费、货币(或信用)宽松等支持政策。由于财政压力较大,学术界开始呼吁在中国应用MMT。支持与反对的声音都有,但以反对为主,原因包括:政策还有足够的空间、通胀压力、损害央行独立性或中国尚不具备实施MMT的条件等。两年后,大通胀时代回归,重新讨论MMT或许会有新的启示。本文首先从货币本质和起源的两种叙事谈起,这是MMT的逻辑起点;其次介绍MMT的方法论基础:存量-流量一致(SFC)模型,借此将资金流量表(FoF)和国民收入账户(SNA)体系联系起来,这是MMT的描述性工具;第三部分介绍MMT的政策主张“最后雇佣者”计划,及其对国际收支、汇率制度选择的看法;第四部分以日本的经验为切入点,评析MMT的实践;第五部分厘清MMT与辜朝明资产负债表衰退理论的异同;最后阐述“财政赤字货币化”的不可能三角,即债务货币化、美联储独立性和美元信用之间是不能兼备的。\u0000","PeriodicalId":70912,"journal":{"name":"政治经济学季刊","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75100254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analysis of the Consistency of Raising Labor Income Share and Raising Economic Growth Rate: Based on Marx's Social Reproduction Formula","authors":"为群 陶","doi":"10.26599/peo.2022.9310104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/peo.2022.9310104","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 文章批驳了西方经济学中劳动收入份额、资本收入份额理论,运用马克思社会再生产公式进行劳动收入份额、资本收入份额的规范研究。通过廓清社会再生产中的劳动收入份额、资本收入份额,文章阐明了两大部类的资本有机构成、两大部类比例、全社会的剩余价值积累率是影响劳动收入份额、资本收入份额的三大因素。以资本积累作为连接劳动收入份额、资本收入份额与经济增长的链环,文章给出经济增长率和劳动收入份额、资本收入份额之间的关系式,并据此探析和检验了:提高劳动收入份额、经济增长率具有一致性;生产资料优先增长可以作为提高劳动收入份额、经济增长率的共同路径。文章最后借助马克思《资本论》中一例,对提高劳动收入份额、经济增长率具有一致性作出计算验证。\u0000","PeriodicalId":70912,"journal":{"name":"政治经济学季刊","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85190891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interbank Networks and Backdoor Bailouts: Benefiting from other Banks' Government Guarantees","authors":"T. Eisert, Christian Eufinger","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1976383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1976383","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explains why banks derive a benefit from being highly interconnected. We show that when banks are protected by government guarantees, they can significantly increase their expected returns by channeling funds through the interbank market before these funds are invested in real assets. If banks that are protected by implicit or explicit government guarantees act as intermediaries between other banks and real investments, there is the possibility that these intermediary banks will be rescued by their governments if the real assets fail. This additional hedge increases the likelihood that banks and their creditors are repaid relative to a direct investment in those same real assets. We show that this incentive to exploit the government guarantees of other banks leads to long intermediation chains and a degree of interconnectedness that is above the welfare-optimal level, which justifies regulatory intervention. This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.","PeriodicalId":70912,"journal":{"name":"政治经济学季刊","volume":"166 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80460883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxation in Autocracies: When Is Super-Encompassing Interest Preserved?","authors":"Yijiang Wang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2052597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2052597","url":null,"abstract":"A theory is introduced to systematically explain autocracies’ diverse experiences with taxation. State power relative to citizens’ capacity for violence determines the limit of taxation, the highest tax rate that citizens will tolerate and pay. Rulers can spend resources on coercion to increase state power. The coercion and taxation levels that they choose to maximize net revenue vary with social and economic conditions leading to various state types: strong, weak, collapsing and benevolent featuring respectively tax tyranny, tax incompetency, tax-induced violence and tax harmony. The theory informs important policy issues.","PeriodicalId":70912,"journal":{"name":"政治经济学季刊","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88098576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lobbying and Uniform Disclosure Regulation","authors":"Henry L. Friedman, M. Heinle","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2106788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2106788","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the costs and benefits of uniform accounting regulation in the presence of heterogeneous firms that can lobby the regulator. A commitment to uniform regulation reduces economic distortions caused by lobbying by creating a free-rider problem between lobbying firms at the cost of forcing the same treatment on heterogeneous firms. Resolving this tradeoff, an institutional commitment to uniformity is socially desirable when firms are sufficiently homogeneous or the costs of lobbying to society are large. We show that the regulatory intensity for a given firm can be increasing or decreasing in the degree of uniformity, even though uniformity always reduces lobbying. Our analysis sheds light on the determinants of standard-setting institutions and their effects on corporate governance and lobbying efforts.","PeriodicalId":70912,"journal":{"name":"政治经济学季刊","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90818990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Eurasian Economic Union among Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia and the Kyrgyz Republic: Can It Succeed Where Its Predecessor Failed?","authors":"David G. Tarr","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2185517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2185517","url":null,"abstract":"In 2010, Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan formed the Eurasian Customs Union and imposed the Russian tariff as the common external tariff of the Customs Union. In 2015 they formed the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) designed to promote the free flow of goods, services, labor and capital, as Armenia and the Kyrgyz Republic joined. Armenia, the Kyrgyz Republic and Kazakhstan all had to approximately double their average external tariff to implement the common external tariff. Russia has benefited from additional exports under the protection of the higher tariffs. Estimates reveal that the tariff changes resulted in substantial transfers from Kazakhstan to Russia (with similar impacts expected for Armenia and the Kyrgyz Republic) as importers in Kazakhstan now purchase lower quality or higher priced Russian imports that are protected under the tariff umbrella of the common external tariff. Transfers from the Central Asian countries to Russia were the reason the predecessor to the EAEU (known as EurAsEC) failed, so this bodes badly for the ultimate success of the EAEU. But Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organization will substantially lower the common external tariff and reduce the transfers to Russia. Further, unlike EurAsEC, the EAEU aims to employ “deep integration,�? e.g., to reduce non-tariff barriers and improve trade facilitation, create a single market, reduce trade distorting agricultural subsidies and harmonize some regulations. Estimates show that if substantial progress could be made in trade facilitation and reducing non-tariff barriers, this could make the Customs Union positive for Kazakhstan and other potential Central Asian members. And the right to work for migrants may dominate these issues for Armenia and the Kyrgyz Republic. Unfortunately, as of early 2016, the EAEU has not improved trade facilitation or reduced non-tariff barriers. To effectively implement the objectives of the EAEU, however, Russia will need to take the lead in ceding real authority to the Eurasian Commission and press for reforms, including those that reduce the substantial internal non-tariff barriers.","PeriodicalId":70912,"journal":{"name":"政治经济学季刊","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87304991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Democracies Tax More? Political Regime Type and Taxation","authors":"M. Garcia, Christian von Haldenwang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1957617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1957617","url":null,"abstract":"A growing body of literature suggests that political regime type matters in determining taxation. However, research on the relationship of political regimes to taxation yields mixed results. To what extent does the democratic or authoritarian character of the polity impact on the level of taxation? The paper investigates the relationship between political regimes and tax‐to‐gross domestic product ratio, using a panel dataset of 131 countries and covering the period 1990–2008. Findings suggest that the character of the polity affects taxation, but there is no linear trend in favour of democracy. Rather, the results indicate a U‐shaped relationship between polity and tax ratio. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","PeriodicalId":70912,"journal":{"name":"政治经济学季刊","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86967466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Asset Pricing Implications of Government Economic Policy Uncertainty","authors":"Jonathan Brogaard, Andrew Detzel","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2075375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2075375","url":null,"abstract":"Using the Baker, Bloom, and Davis (2013) news-based measure to capture economic policy uncertainty (EPU) in the United States, we find that EPU positively forecasts log excess market returns. A one-standard deviation increase in EPU is associated with a 1.5% increase in forecasted 3-month abnormal returns (6.1% annualized). Furthermore, innovations in EPU earn a significant negative risk premium in the Fama French 25 size-momentum portfolios. Among the Fama French 25 portfolios formed on size and momentum returns, the portfolio with the greatest EPU beta underperforms the portfolio with the lowest EPU beta by 5.53% per annum, controlling for exposure to the Carhart four factors as well as implied and realized volatility. These findings suggest that EPU is an economically important risk factor for equities.","PeriodicalId":70912,"journal":{"name":"政治经济学季刊","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77063602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Securitization and the Fixed-Rate Mortgage","authors":"A. Fuster, J. Vickery","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2198392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2198392","url":null,"abstract":"Fixed-rate mortgages (FRMs) dominate the U.S. mortgage market, with important consequences for monetary policy, household risk management, and financial stability. In this paper, we show that the share of FRMs is sharply lower when mortgages are difficult to securitize. Our analysis exploits plausibly exogenous variation in access to liquid securitization markets generated by a regulatory cutoff and time variation in private securitization activity. We interpret our findings as evidence that lenders are reluctant to retain the prepayment and interest rate risk embedded in FRMs. The form of securitization (private versus government-backed) has little effect on FRM supply during periods when private securitization markets are well-functioning.","PeriodicalId":70912,"journal":{"name":"政治经济学季刊","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88935261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}