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Acta pharmaceutica Nordica最新文献

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The mechanism of particulate contamination in soft polyvinyl chloride infusion fluid bags. 软质聚氯乙烯输液袋颗粒污染机理研究。
Acta pharmaceutica Nordica Pub Date : 1990-01-01
P O Roksvaag, P Rydstrøm, G Smistad, T Waaler
{"title":"The mechanism of particulate contamination in soft polyvinyl chloride infusion fluid bags.","authors":"P O Roksvaag,&nbsp;P Rydstrøm,&nbsp;G Smistad,&nbsp;T Waaler","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the seventies, it was shown that particles were generated in soft polyvinyl chloride (PVC) infusion fluid bags when they were shaken. In this investigation an exponentially modified log-normal distribution (EMLN) is fitted to the particle data. Using the formula for the volume of a sphere, the number-density distribution is converted into a volume-density distribution. The total particle load in the samples is estimated by integration for total particle volume. The results are expressed as volume concentration in plain SI-units (microliters/l). A four-factor analysis of variance demonstrates that the mechanism of the contamination process is most probably an emulsification of low molecular weight additives in the PVC plastic, i.e. di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), epoxidized vegetable oils (EVO), and others.</p>","PeriodicalId":7082,"journal":{"name":"Acta pharmaceutica Nordica","volume":"2 5","pages":"319-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13238492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Relative bioavailability of (+/-)-verapamil hydrochloride administered in tablets and chewing gum. (+/-)-盐酸维拉帕米片剂和口香糖的相对生物利用度。
Acta pharmaceutica Nordica Pub Date : 1990-01-01
L L Christrup, J Bonde, S N Rasmussen, M R Rassing
{"title":"Relative bioavailability of (+/-)-verapamil hydrochloride administered in tablets and chewing gum.","authors":"L L Christrup,&nbsp;J Bonde,&nbsp;S N Rasmussen,&nbsp;M R Rassing","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The absorption of verapamil administered orally in chewing gum (23.4-29.7 mg) and perorally in tablets (80 mg) to seven healthy volunteers in a study using an open cross-over design, was compared. Following peroral administration the mean +/- SD AUC/D was (5.4 +/- 1.9) x 10(-3) micrograms ml-1 h per microgram dose and after administration of chewing gum (6.6 +/- 2.3) x 10(-3) micrograms ml-1 h per microgram dose (NS). The AUC ratio of verapamil to the metabolite norverapamil was 1.5 after oral and 0.8 after peroral administration, indicating that a part of the verapamil administered in chewing gum was absorbed through the oral mucosa.</p>","PeriodicalId":7082,"journal":{"name":"Acta pharmaceutica Nordica","volume":"2 6","pages":"371-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13250971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The stability of flumazenil in infusion solution. 氟马西尼在输液中的稳定性。
Acta pharmaceutica Nordica Pub Date : 1990-01-01
J Höjer, S Baehrendtz, A Forsström, T Lundqvist, B Jansson
{"title":"The stability of flumazenil in infusion solution.","authors":"J Höjer,&nbsp;S Baehrendtz,&nbsp;A Forsström,&nbsp;T Lundqvist,&nbsp;B Jansson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flumazenil, the first benzodiazepine antagonist to be marketed, is available only for intravenous injection (0.1 mg/ml). The half-life of the compound in plasma is short compared with that of the conventional benzodiazepines, and administration of the drug as a continuous infusion is therefore frequently required. However, the stability of flumazenil in infusion solution has not previously been known, which has meant that controlled studies of the drug in this administration form have been difficult to perform. In the present study, infusion solutions of flumazenil in concentrations of 1.0 and 5.0 micrograms/ml were produced and stored for periods of up to 9 months. The concentrations of the drug in the different solutions were determined by gas chromatography at defined intervals, and were found not to change during the study period. We conclude that the stability of flumazenil in infusion solution is satisfactory.</p>","PeriodicalId":7082,"journal":{"name":"Acta pharmaceutica Nordica","volume":"2 2","pages":"101-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13268299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Animal models for intranasal drug delivery studies. A review article. 鼻内给药研究的动物模型。一篇评论文章。
Acta pharmaceutica Nordica Pub Date : 1990-01-01
S Gizurarson
{"title":"Animal models for intranasal drug delivery studies. A review article.","authors":"S Gizurarson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this review is to introduce the investigators to sources of information and to guiding principles regarding the choice of animal models for experimental and clinical studies on intranasal application studies. It focuses also on the anatomical and physiological variations that can influence the selection of the correct animal model. A topical overview is given for following animal models which are all involved in intranasal drug or vaccine delivery research; dog, guinea pig, hamster, mouse, rabbit (in vivo and in situ), rat (in vivo, in vivo surgical and in situ) and sheep. In the selection of an animal model, both advantages and disadvantages must be considered. Small animals such as guinea pigs, hamsters, mice and rats, are easy to handle and inexpensive, but their nasal cavity is small and therefore preferred for absorption studies and for studying the influence of absorption promoters. Dogs, monkeys, sheep and rabbits are particularly useful in pharmacokinetic and formulation studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7082,"journal":{"name":"Acta pharmaceutica Nordica","volume":"2 2","pages":"105-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13344585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The development of chiral drugs. 手性药物的发展。
Acta pharmaceutica Nordica Pub Date : 1990-01-01
D B Campbell
{"title":"The development of chiral drugs.","authors":"D B Campbell","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For many years, scientists in drug development have been blind to the 3-dimensional consequences of stereochemistry, mainly due to the problem of synthesis and analytical methodology. Now that new techniques are available for the resolution of racemic mixtures, there is an increasing pressure to only synthesise single enantiomers, and although guidelines on stereoisomers from the all regulatory agencies are awaited, there is already sufficient information to suggest that developmental studies on racemates will be greatly increased. There is often stereospecificity in pharmacology and toxicology, but this is frequently not the case for pharmacokinetics where enantiomeric differences may only play a relatively small contribution to overall drug activity, except for some exceptions (NSAI). Other chiral developments are discussed, for example, dextro fenfluramine from rac-fenfluramine, together with the ideas of what may be required for their registration.</p>","PeriodicalId":7082,"journal":{"name":"Acta pharmaceutica Nordica","volume":"2 3","pages":"217-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13352566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effect of phosphine oxides on transdermal delivery. 氧化膦对透皮给药的影响。
Acta pharmaceutica Nordica Pub Date : 1990-01-01
N Bodor, T Loftsson
{"title":"The effect of phosphine oxides on transdermal delivery.","authors":"N Bodor,&nbsp;T Loftsson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7082,"journal":{"name":"Acta pharmaceutica Nordica","volume":"2 2","pages":"123-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13504521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Immunotoxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and related polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons in birds. 2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并-对二恶英及相关多氯芳烃对鸟类的免疫毒性
Acta pharmaceutica Nordica Pub Date : 1990-01-01
E Nikolaidis
{"title":"Immunotoxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and related polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons in birds.","authors":"E Nikolaidis","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7082,"journal":{"name":"Acta pharmaceutica Nordica","volume":"2 2","pages":"127-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13502918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Relative bioavailability of methadone hydrochloride administered in chewing gum and tablets. 口香糖和片剂中盐酸美沙酮的相对生物利用度。
Acta pharmaceutica Nordica Pub Date : 1990-01-01
L L Christrup, H R Angelo, J Bonde, F Kristensen, S N Rasmussen
{"title":"Relative bioavailability of methadone hydrochloride administered in chewing gum and tablets.","authors":"L L Christrup,&nbsp;H R Angelo,&nbsp;J Bonde,&nbsp;F Kristensen,&nbsp;S N Rasmussen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methadone administered in chewing gum in doses of 16.7-22.6 mg to seven patients in a study using an open balanced cross-over design, was compared with 20 mg of methadone given perorally as tablets. There was no significant difference in the AUC/D obtained after administration of chewing gum and tablets (p greater than 0.05). It is concluded that the chewing gum formulation should be considered for further testing with respect to suppression of abstinence syndrome in narcotic addicts.</p>","PeriodicalId":7082,"journal":{"name":"Acta pharmaceutica Nordica","volume":"2 2","pages":"83-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13502921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Racemization and oxidation in adrenaline injections. 肾上腺素注射中的外消旋和氧化。
Acta pharmaceutica Nordica Pub Date : 1990-01-01
G Fyllingen, T A Langvik, P Hasselgård, P O Roksvaag
{"title":"Racemization and oxidation in adrenaline injections.","authors":"G Fyllingen,&nbsp;T A Langvik,&nbsp;P Hasselgård,&nbsp;P O Roksvaag","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adrenaline injection fluids aged between 3 and 33 years were analyzed with respect to oxidation and racemization. The oxidation was determined by ion-pair reversed phase HPLC, and the degree of racemization was determined by derivatization of the adrenaline isomers to diastereomeric forms and subsequently separated by reversed phase HPLC. 10% adrenaline was oxidized after about 11 years, while 10% L-adrenaline was converted to D-adrenaline after only 4 years. After about 4 years, the injections contained less than 90% active adrenaline.</p>","PeriodicalId":7082,"journal":{"name":"Acta pharmaceutica Nordica","volume":"2 5","pages":"355-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13238405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chiral recognition by central benzodiazepine receptors. 中枢苯二氮卓受体的手性识别。
Acta pharmaceutica Nordica Pub Date : 1990-01-01
M Simonyi
{"title":"Chiral recognition by central benzodiazepine receptors.","authors":"M Simonyi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1,4-Benzodiazepines in solution accommodate two chiral conformations. Two closely related quartets following the substitution pattern: 3-unsubstituted, 3S-methyl, 3R-methyl, 3,3-dimethyl, were synthesized and the binding strength of the compounds to the benzodiazepine receptor was tested. The intertwining effects of (i) conformational preference of free molecules, (ii) conformational recognition by the receptor, and (iii) axial and equatorial methyl substituents, were separated by computation. It is concluded that conformation M enriched by 3S-methyl and impoverished by 3R-methyl enantiomers is recognized by the receptor, whereas the binding is strongly and moderately hindered by axial and equatorial methyl substituents, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":7082,"journal":{"name":"Acta pharmaceutica Nordica","volume":"2 3","pages":"145-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13319753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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