工程研究-跨学科视野中的工程最新文献

{"title":"Technological Democracy and Expertise Combination","authors":"RuiSen Liu, ZhiQiang Hu","doi":"10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.23010330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.23010330","url":null,"abstract":": Technology decisions are typically characterized by reliance on a large number of complex and sophisticated scientific and technical expertise, and by the fact that they often have an impact on broader social groups. These two features pose a difficult problem for technical decision-making: When experts and the public disagree on judgment, who should make the decision? Technocrats argue that decisions should be made by experts for two main reasons. One is that scientific and technological knowledge is objective. The other is the belief that power derives its legitimacy from superior knowledge and skill (rather than general will); The democratic model holds that citizens should decide, for the following reasons: First, the will of citizens is the source of legitimacy of public decisions. Second, the process of scientific research has included the balance of political power, infiltrating the value and interest bias of scientists. Technocracy creates the problem of too much power for experts, while the democratic model devalues the role of experts, leading to technopopulism. The expertise theory proposed by Collins and others holds that expertise should be relied on to solve the problem of demarcation of the scope of participation. Expertise is more common than scientific and technical knowledge. On the one hand, the public can have expertise based on experience. Another aspect is that expertise in science is different from other expertise. Science is of special value to society and therefore occupies a special place in democracy. The expertise theory divides technical decision-making into technical and political stages. In the political stage, every citizen has the right to participate, and the reason for participating is that the outcome of the decision is related to the interests of the participants. At the technical stage, people with expertise related to the area of technical decision making can participate, and the reasons for participating are based on the relevant expertise or experience. According to Collins, the function of the technical stage is the combination of expertise. But he has no more to say about how the different kinds of expertise combine. Indeed, doctor-patient shared decision-making can provide a concrete example of combination. A doctor is usually regarded","PeriodicalId":70314,"journal":{"name":"工程研究-跨学科视野中的工程","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135320794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of Ethical Considerations and Governance Mechanisms in Clinical Trials base on COVID-19","authors":"LingYu He, Hui Jiang","doi":"10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.23010411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.23010411","url":null,"abstract":": Safe and effective drugs are of great significance to meet the needs of clinical treatment, restore social activities and economic development. The development of specific drugs under the COVID-19 epidemic has ethical challenges such as unscientific research design, protection of vulnerable groups, and conflicts of interest. This paper focuses on the acceptable risk-benefit ratio, fair allocation of resources, and procedures and standards for expedited ethical review in clinical trials of anti-COVID-19 drugs. The paper suggests that drug clinical trials in the emergency response to major public health emergencies should be coordinated by the government, joint scientific research institutions and social forces, with zero tolerance for dishonesty in scientific research, maintaining the independence of ethical review, and protecting. rights and interests of research participants and improve the scientific and technological ethics governance system. During the public health emergency of international concern triggered by Corona Virus Disease 2019, which is commonly referred to as “COVID-19”, the significance of developing safe and effective drugs cannot be overstated. These drugs play a pivotal role in meeting clinical treatment demands, restoring societal activities, and bolstering economic growth. However, the drug development process is riddled with ethical challenges, encompassing issues such as unscientific research design, significant vulnerability of research participants, and prominent potential conflicts of interest. This study places a special emphasis on ethical considerations in the process of conducting clinical trials for COVID-19 infection. It underscores the critical importance of assessing the acceptable risk-benefit ratio, ensuring equitable resource allocation, expediting ethical review procedures, and upholding ethical standards. These multifaceted aspects are crucial in the landscape of public health emergencies, where the ethical and scientific integrity of clinical trials must be preserved. First and foremost, the social and scientific value of the research is absolutely crucial. Even in the presence of conflicts, scientific integrity should not be compromised. Second, the equitable distribution of limited resources is of utmost significance. In the midst of a public health crisis, resources may be constrained, thus underscoring the importance of fair allocation to address the most pressing needs. Next, expedited ethical review processes are indispensable, particularly during emergency situations. Ethical reviews must be conducted swiftly and efficiently, without compromising fundamental ethical standards of the research. Finally, assessing the risk-benefit ratio of research participants is indispensable. Research participants may face heightened risks in such emergency scenarios, necessitating the comprehensive protection of their rights and well-being, while simultaneously preserving the scientific validity of the research.","PeriodicalId":70314,"journal":{"name":"工程研究-跨学科视野中的工程","volume":"256 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135273185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Philosophy of Post-pandemic Treatment: A Pathological Discussion on Post-pandemic Spiritual Reconstruction","authors":"XiaoTing Liu","doi":"10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.23010805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.23010805","url":null,"abstract":": After the lifting of pandemic lockdown, people’s daily lives are gradually getting back to track. However, the psychological trauma left by the pandemic is deeply imprinted and difficult to heal for a while, which posed an arduous task for subsequent mental healing. Since the pandemic ultimately is a “developmental issue”, it serves as a mirror that reflects fundamental problems of humanity and civilization, From the perspective of phenomenology of life, philosophy, as the fundamental way to protect civilization’s slow relaxation parameter, has irreplaceable value in soothing the mind of people in the aftermath of the pandemic. Philosophy is both a treatment and a therapy. As a treatment method, it has achieved a lofty level and contained effective plannings. As a therapy method, it seeks into the subtleties and internalizes the meaning of life. With penetrating into the depths of the spirit, Philosophy could mediate the interaction between the physical body and integrated life by activating the initiative of the spirit, thereby affecting the perfection of society and civilization. According to Hegel’s point of view, philosophy, as the phenomenology of the spirit, propels the effective cycle of subjective spirit, objective spirit, and absolute spirit, shaping individuals and society at different levels in its self-practice. It also forms unique concepts and methods in the psychopathological analysis, providing a solid theoretical foundation to cultivate values. Therefore, philosophy is the true soft power of social civilization and individual self-salvation. In the post-pandemic era, the whole society should reevaluate and study philosophy, viewing the pandemic as an opportunity to enhance the civilized quality through the interaction and combination of philosophical treatment and therapy.","PeriodicalId":70314,"journal":{"name":"工程研究-跨学科视野中的工程","volume":"45 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135455680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical Issues and Governance Strategies in Technological Design from the Oriented of Consumerism","authors":"Yu Jing, Wei Zhang, Qian Wang","doi":"10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.23010610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.23010610","url":null,"abstract":": Consumerism, as a social concept popular in developed Western countries, it is a general term for the corresponding concepts that guide and regulate people’s actions and relationships related to consumption. The emergence of consumerism is based on the nature of capital’s pursuit of profit, which is marked by the constant renewal of products in the 20th century American industrial design period, bringing more consumption, i","PeriodicalId":70314,"journal":{"name":"工程研究-跨学科视野中的工程","volume":"230 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135320425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Before the Crane Took Flight: Interview with Chinese Philosopher of Technology Yuan Deyu","authors":"DeYu Yuan, Mitcham Carl, WenJuan Yin","doi":"10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.23010418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.23010418","url":null,"abstract":": Yuan Deyu is one of the founders of the ″Northeastern School″ of Chinese philosophy of technology and has proposed the ″ technology form theory″ and ″technology as process″ as key ideas for understanding technology in the Chinese context. This is the second time that Yuan has been interviewed by Carl Mitcham, one of the greatest living Western philosophers of technology. In the first interview, published in 2018 in the same journal, Yuan recounted how and when the Chinese philosophy of technology originated from the very beginning, in what kind of context it developed and what its current dilemma, etc., based on his own engagement, correcting some of the current discussions about Chinese philosophy of technology among scholars both Chinese and Western, such as whether there should be an empirical turn for Chinese philosophy of technology or does it originated from a book or article, etc. In order to have a comprehensive understanding of both him as an important Chinese philosopher of technology and Chinese philosophy of technology, in this interview, we followed up with further questions of a more personal character, especially about his life. As we all know, a person′s life experience will have a great impact on how he perceive the world. In the beginning, Yuan recalled his personal growth, family background, and work experience, which provide a broad context for contemporary philosophers of technology to better understand the unique characteristics, themes, and methods of Chinese philosophy of technology. He shared his memories of how his acquaintance with Chen Changshu grew into close friendship. They co-authored many books and articles to call for independent academic attention to technology, which turned out to promote the development of Chinese philosophy of technology and determined the characteristics of Northeastern school. He also highly praised Chen’s monograph, “Introduction to Philosophy of Technology.” Yuan pointed out that his thoughts on technology were primarily influenced by the research of Japanese scholars on technology theory, which is why he preferred to classify his research in the field of sociology of technology rather than philosophy of technology. He recalled the various academic efforts he had made with a group of scholars in the 1980s to promote technology as an independent research object, reconstructing the complete historical development of early Chinese philosophy of technology. Additionally, he also brought attention to the morphological differences between ancient China and the West in expressing human understanding of nature, based on scientific formality. He illuminated the fact that ancient China primarily emphasized practical, empirical knowledge about natural phenomena. In his view, Confucian philosophy has had a profound impact on the development of Chinese technology due to its constraints on research themes within ancient Chinese society.","PeriodicalId":70314,"journal":{"name":"工程研究-跨学科视野中的工程","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135324322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstructing the Congition and Reorienting the Action of Digital Governance","authors":"YongMou Liu, TaiCheng Tan","doi":"10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.23011002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.23011002","url":null,"abstract":": Digital technology has improved the efficiency of government and business operations. However, there is still a divide between the cognition and action of digital governance, the tools and value commitments, which fundamentally affects our understanding of the limits of digital governance and our implementing of a reasonable regulation. Therefore, thinking about how to reconstruct the cognition of digital governance and guide the action of digital governance has theoretical and practical significance. This paper is helpful to philosophy of technology and engineering philosophy to reconsiderate people’s reaction to digital society, and propose a limited conception of digital governance. Firstly,","PeriodicalId":70314,"journal":{"name":"工程研究-跨学科视野中的工程","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136010255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"走高质量期刊发展之路，助力中国式工程现代化","authors":"","doi":"10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.20230000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.20230000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":70314,"journal":{"name":"工程研究-跨学科视野中的工程","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135324046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"中国发展战略学研究会创新战略专委会2022学术年会成功召开","authors":"","doi":"10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.20230001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.20230001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":70314,"journal":{"name":"工程研究-跨学科视野中的工程","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135368097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost Estimation of Expressway Construction and Installation Engineering Based on Convolutional Neural Networks","authors":"JianBo Yuan, Chan Yin","doi":"10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.23050401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.23050401","url":null,"abstract":": For the quick and accurate cost estimation of proposed highway construction projects at the investment decision-making stage, a cost estimation model for highway construction and installation engineering was developed using the convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm based on historical highway case data. The characteristic attribute indicators of highway costs were determined through a literature review and expert interviews and quantified for model calculation. The key indicators were reconstructed into a two-dimensional matrix, and a cost estimation model for the highway construction and engineering installation was established based on a CNN. The effectiveness of the proposed model was verified using information from existing highway projects. The effects of prediction, of both the CNN model and the BP model, were compared and analyzed. The results of the analysis indicate that the relative error of the highway cost estimation model established using CNNs is between 4% and 7%, while the relative error of the BP neural network is between 4% and 15%. Therefore, the model constructed in this study can accurately and efficiently predict the cost of highway engineering projects, and provide a timely reference for decision-making in investments and in the full life cycle cost management of engineering projects.","PeriodicalId":70314,"journal":{"name":"工程研究-跨学科视野中的工程","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135348923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections on the Talent Cultivation System of Architectural Heritage Protection in China","authors":"NingBo Peng, FengRui Wang, Bo Sun, Yun Dong","doi":"10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.23040802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.23040802","url":null,"abstract":": Architectural heritage protection is a highly interdisciplinary and comprehensive field. The establishment of a scientific system is required to manage and preserve architectural heritage sites in China. This paper provides a discussion and analysis of the development history, characteristics, talent demands, and current state of education in the field of architectural heritage preservation in China. In this paper, the urgency, uniqueness, and interdisciplinary nature of architectural heritage preservation, as an academic discipline and professional career in China, is emphasized. From different disciplinary perspectives, the importance of aligning the development of architectural heritage preservation with the demands of the preservation industry is emphasized, and talent cultivation goals are determined. Finally, based on strategies such as emphasizing the essence, establishing a knowledge system, and strengthening practical skills, a pathway is proposed to cultivate talent in the field of architectural heritage protection. In particular, the strategies include advocating for interdisciplinary collaboration, establishing specialized courses, enhancing practical education and internships, establishing mentorship and guidance systems, and strengthening international exchange and cooperation. The proposed talent cultivation system provides a reference for the further academic and professional development and advancement of architectural heritage protection.","PeriodicalId":70314,"journal":{"name":"工程研究-跨学科视野中的工程","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135299775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}