Acta dermato-venereologica. Supplementum最新文献

{"title":"In vitro permeation of nickel salts through human stratum corneum.","authors":"H. Tanojo, J. Hostynek,, Mountford Hs, H. I. Maibach","doi":"10.1080/000155501753279596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/000155501753279596","url":null,"abstract":"Allergic contact dermatitis due to nickel salts is common. It is therefore important to measure the permeation of these salts through the stratum corneum (SC), the primary rate-limiting domain in skin. An advanced diffusion system and analytical techniques now enable better measurement of the flux than was possible in earlier experiments. Human SC was prepared by trypsinization of dermatomed cadaver leg skin. The diffusion system included diffusion cells with a spiral line. Aqueous solutions of nickel salts (Ni(NO3)2, NiSO4, NiCl2 and Ni(-OOCCH3)2 at 1% Ni2+ concentration) were used as the donor solution (400 microL/cell). The receptor fluid, pure water, was collected up to 96 h after application of the donor solutions. Nickel concentrations in the donor and receptor fluid, as well as in the SC, were analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with a confidence limit of 0.5 ppb. Based on the total recovery of nickel from the experiments, about 98% of the dose remained in the donor solution, whereas 1% or less was retained in SC and less than 1% was found in the receptor fluid. Following an early surge, nickel permeates slowly across SC. The steady-state permeability coefficients of nickel were calculated from the flux data (approximately 5.2-8.5 x 10(-7) cm/h) with no significant difference among the salts. The results concur in principle with earlier studies conducted using the full-thickness human skin in vitro, and suggest that in vivo nickel ions may permeate simultaneously by routes of diffusion such as the shunt pathway, apart from slow transcellular/intercellular diffusion alone.","PeriodicalId":6960,"journal":{"name":"Acta dermato-venereologica. Supplementum","volume":"11 1","pages":"19-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75163007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causes and effects of the chronic inflammation in venous leg ulcers.","authors":"M. Ågren, WH Eaglstein, M. Ferguson, K. Harding, K. Moore, UK Saarialho-Kere, Schultz GS","doi":"10.1080/00015555210317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00015555210317","url":null,"abstract":"The pathogenesis of venous leg ulcers is multifactorial. In this review article new physiological, molecular and cellular abnormalities in venous ulcers related to the chronic inflammation are presented and discussed. Venous hypertension causes disturbed microcirculation and pathological changes of the capillaries, which eventually locks the condition in a self-amplifying, detrimental cascade with persistent elevated levels and activities of pro-inflammatory cytokines and proteases preventing progress into a healing phase. As a consequence fibroblasts senescence and become less responsive to growth factors the older the ulcers become. Current data imply there is no deficiency but rather an unfavorable distribution of growth factors in venous ulcers. An imbalance in proteolytic enzymes and their endogenous inhibitors is a common finding in chronic venous leg ulcers. Variation in disease severity and concomitant ailments in this heterogeneous patient group may explain the contradictory results in the literature. Thus, to advance the areas of research further, longitudinal studies involving larger number of patients are required to identify the major pathogenic factors.","PeriodicalId":6960,"journal":{"name":"Acta dermato-venereologica. Supplementum","volume":"32 1","pages":"3-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87461376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basal cell carcinoma--new aspects of diagnosis and treatment.","authors":"A. Wennberg","doi":"10.1080/0001555209125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0001555209125","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of basal cell carcinoma is increasing. New aspects of diagnosis and treatment are discussed in this thesis. Interferon can be used for the treatment of BCC. In paper I, 15 patients received 13.5 x 10(6) IU of alfa-2b-interferon intralesionally. Four patients healed completely whereas a 75% reduction was seen in 5 cases. Intralesional alfa-2b-interferon can reduce the number of excisions during Mohs Micrographic Surgery. Topical photodynamic therapy involves the application of ALA on the skin. In tumour cells selectively, formation of the photosensitizer Pp IX occurs. After 4 hours of occlusion of ALA the area is irradiated with light at a wavelength of 630 nm. Tumour cells are selectively destroyed during this procedure. 144/157 SBCC healed in this series and 14/18 Mb Bowen (paper II). The method is only suited for thin BCCs as the result on thicker lesions is poor (2/10 healed). The cosmetic result was generally good or excellent. Another way of utilising the tumour selectivity of Pp IX is for diagnostic purposes. Instead of illuminating with 630 nm, 365, 366 and 405 nm are used to induce a specific fluorescence. In the present paper (III), 50% of facial BCCs with ill-defined borders could be completely visualised and another 23% partly outlined. The technique did not seem to work in 27% of the cases. The critical factor using ALA is probably the relatively poor penetrance through the skin. In paper IV, microdialysis is used for pharmacokinetic studies of ALA for the first time. The concentration of ALA increases rapidly in lesional skin whereas there is virtually no penetration in healthy skin. Also, the blood perfusion in BCCs was investigated by means of laser Doppler Perfusion Imager. The perfusion in skin overlying a BCC was 2.5 fold higher compared to normal skin. For BCCs with ill-defined borders Mohs Micrographic Surgery is generally recommended. Regarding Mohs Micrographic Surgery, Sweden is underserved as only 1% of BCCs are treated with Mohs Micrographic Surgery as opposed to 30% in the US. Consequently, the Swedish cases are probably more severe. The long-term results are reported in paper V. Two hundred and twenty-eight tumours were followed for at least 5 years. The rate of recurrence was 8%. This figure is slightly higher than in international materials but surprisingly low considering the type of tumours.","PeriodicalId":6960,"journal":{"name":"Acta dermato-venereologica. Supplementum","volume":"11 1","pages":"5-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84165565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypothesis: the epidermal permeability barrier is a porous medium.","authors":"N Kitson,&nbsp;J L Thewalt","doi":"10.1080/000155500750042808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/000155500750042808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The stratum corneum is a complex biological material characterized by very low permeability to water and most other molecules. This material may be thought of as a 'porous medium' composed of impermeable and permeable regions. Intercellular lipid membranes in the stratum corneum are postulated to exist in a mixture of two phases: solid (i.e. impermeable) and liquid crystalline (permeable). The corneocyte envelope is classified as impermeable. Diffusion mechanisms of solutes within, across and between the intercellular lamellae are discussed. This model represents a refinement of previous theories about the physical structures responsible for the low observed permeability of the stratum corneum.</p>","PeriodicalId":6960,"journal":{"name":"Acta dermato-venereologica. Supplementum","volume":"208 ","pages":"12-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/000155500750042808","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21727351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualization of percutaneous 3H-estradiol and 3H-norethindrone acetate transport across human epidermis as a function of time.","authors":"J A Neelissen,&nbsp;C Arth,&nbsp;M Wolff,&nbsp;A H Schrijvers,&nbsp;H E Junginger,&nbsp;H E Boddé","doi":"10.1080/000155500750042844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/000155500750042844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developing transdermal therapeutic systems for estradiol and norethindrone acetate raised questions about the steroids penetration pathway across and retention in the skin. This paper describes the distribution of 3H-estradiol and 3H-norethindrone acetate in human stratum corneum after topical application to dermatomed skin in vitro. The study involved (a) permeation experiments to determine the steroid flux, (b) autoradiographical visualization of the steroid distribution in the same skin samples, and (c) a correlation between flux and skin distribution in time. On correlating the steroid flux with intraepidermal steroid distribution, it was concluded that both permeants were bound in the skin tissue. The steroids were preferentially located in or close to the intercellular lipids of the stratum corneum, indicating that both transport and binding occurred via this domain of the stratum corneum. This study demonstrated the importance of correlating drug flux with intraepidermal drug distribution as a function of time.</p>","PeriodicalId":6960,"journal":{"name":"Acta dermato-venereologica. Supplementum","volume":"208 ","pages":"36-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/000155500750042844","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21727355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipids and barrier function of the skin.","authors":"P W Wertz","doi":"10.1080/000155500750042790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/000155500750042790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of the present manuscript is to review the chemical and physical properties of epidermal lipids and to relate these properties to the formation and function of the permeability barrier of the skin. Lipids accumulate in small organelles known as lamellar granules as epidermal keratinocytes differentiate. This lipid is extruded into the intercellular spaces where it undergoes enzymatic processing to produce a lipid mixture consisting of ceramides, cholesterol and fatty acids. This intercellular lipid is uniquely organized into a multilamellar complex that fills most of the intercellular space of the stratum corneum. The barrier properties of the stratum corneum are related to the phase behavior of the intercellular lipids. It has been proposed that a structurally unusual acylglucosylceramide is thought to be involved in assembly of the lamellar granules, and a related acylceramide may have a major influence on the organization of the lamellae in the stratum corneum.</p>","PeriodicalId":6960,"journal":{"name":"Acta dermato-venereologica. Supplementum","volume":"208 ","pages":"7-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/000155500750042790","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21727465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scanning electron microscopy study of hair shaft disorders in psoriasis.","authors":"C. Plozzer, C. Coletti, F. Kokelj, Giusto Trevisan","doi":"10.1080/00015550050500031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00015550050500031","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on scalp hair from psoriatic lesions have revealed marked irregularities in the cuticular pattern. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of hair shaft disorders in psoriatic patients and to evaluate the possibility of a correlation with scalp involvement. We examined hair from 39 psoriatic patients using scanning electron microscopy and compared it with hair from a control group of 12 healthy people. We confined our observations of the hair fibres to the areas nearest the root. Our data confirm previous observations indicating that dystrophic changes in hair cuticle cells occur more often in hairs from both unaffected and affected skin of psoriatic patients compared with normal subjects. No differences were observed between hair shafts taken from affected and unaffected psoriatic areas; cuticular breakage and an abraded cuticular surface were present only in the hair of psoriatic patients.","PeriodicalId":6960,"journal":{"name":"Acta dermato-venereologica. Supplementum","volume":"77 1","pages":"9-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87559384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The lipid organisation in the skin barrier.","authors":"J A Bouwstra,&nbsp;F E Dubbelaar,&nbsp;G S Gooris,&nbsp;M Ponec","doi":"10.1080/000155500750042826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/000155500750042826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main function of the skin is to protect the body against exogenous substances. The skin barrier is located in the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum. This layer consists of keratin enriched cells embedded in lipid lamellae. These lamellae form the main barrier for diffusion of substances through the skin. In diseased skin the barrier function is often impaired. For a full understanding of the properties of the human skin barrier, insight in the stratum corneum lipid organisation is of great importance. In this paper a short description of the lipid organisation in normal human stratum corneum will be given, after which the role the main lipid classes play in the stratum corneum lipid organisation will be described. In addition the effect of cholesterol sulfate and calcium on the lipid organisation will be discussed. Finally a new model, the \"sandwich model\", will be proposed that describe the localisation of the fluid phases in the stratum corneum.</p>","PeriodicalId":6960,"journal":{"name":"Acta dermato-venereologica. Supplementum","volume":"208 ","pages":"23-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/000155500750042826","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21727353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Desquamation in the stratum corneum.","authors":"T Egelrud","doi":"10.1080/000155500750012513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/000155500750012513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To maintain a constant thickness of the stratum corneum the desquamation rate and the de novo production of corneocytes is delicately balanced. Using a plantar stratum corneum model we have obtained evidence that proteolysis is a central event in the desquamation process. A number of regulatory mechanisms for desquamation have been postulated based on our findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":6960,"journal":{"name":"Acta dermato-venereologica. Supplementum","volume":"208 ","pages":"44-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/000155500750012513","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21727356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The skin barrier: analysis of physiologically important elements and trace elements.","authors":"B Forslind","doi":"10.1080/000155500750042862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/000155500750042862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Changes in the properties of the skin barrier should have correlates in the physiological status of the differentiating epidermal cells. However, the quantitative distributions of physiologically important elements and trace elements of the skin has been a neglected area of research for lack of tools to investigate this highly differentiated tissue. With the event of the particle probes, the electron microprobe and the scanning proton microprobe, it has become possible to investigate different aspects of normal skin physiology as well as pathophysiological processes. In addition penetration profiles of allergenic metals can be demonstrated with the trace element sensitive proton probe. Future approaches to the study of skin physiology in normal and pathological conditions should incorporate other techniques including immunological and biochemical tagging of particular cells to achieve a broad basis for interpretations of data.</p>","PeriodicalId":6960,"journal":{"name":"Acta dermato-venereologica. Supplementum","volume":"208 ","pages":"46-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/000155500750042862","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21727357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}