世界移植杂志(英文版)最新文献

{"title":"Vitamin D deficiency may predispose patients to increased risk of kidney transplant rejection.","authors":"Semih Buyukdemirci,&nbsp;Ebru Gok Oguz,&nbsp;Sanem Guler Cimen,&nbsp;Hatice Sahin,&nbsp;Sertac Cimen,&nbsp;Mehmet Deniz Ayli","doi":"10.5500/wjt.v12.i9.299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5500/wjt.v12.i9.299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitamin D deficiency occurs in more than 80% of kidney transplant recipients. Its immunomodulatory effects can predispose transplant recipients to rejection and chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN). This study determined the association between serum 25 (OH) vitamin D, biopsy-proven allograft rejection, and CAN rates.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the relationship between serum 25 (OH) vitamin D level and biopsy-proven allograft rejection and CAN rate in renal transplant recipients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult renal transplant recipients followed at the clinic between January 2013 and 2018 were included. Recipients requiring graft biopsy due to declined function, hematuria, and proteinuria were reviewed. The two groups were compared regarding collected data, including the biopsy results, immunologic parameters, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), phosphorus, albumin levels, and graft function tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-two recipients who underwent graft biopsy met the inclusion criteria. In all, 14 recipients had a vitamin D level > 15 ng/mL (group 1) <i>vs</i> ≤ 15 ng/mL (group 2) in 38. In total, 27 patients had biopsy-proven rejection, and 19 had CAN. There was only 1 recipient with biopsy-proven rejection in group 1, whereas there were 24 patients with rejection in group 2. The rejection rate was significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Four patients were diagnosed with CAN in group 1 <i>vs</i> fifteen in group 2. There was no significant difference in the CAN rate between the two groups. PTH was higher at the time of graft biopsy (<i>P</i> = 0.009, <i>P</i> = 0.022) in group 1 with a mean of 268 pg/mL. Donor-specific antibodies were detected in 14 (56.0%) of the recipients with rejection. Vitamin D level was 9.7 ± 3.4 ng/mL in the rejection group <i>vs</i> 14.7 ± 7.2 in the non-rejection group; this difference was statistically significant (<i>P</i> = 0.003). The albumin levels were significantly lower in patients with rejection than in those without rejection (<i>P</i> = 0.001). In univariate regression analysis of risk factors affecting rejection, sex, serum vitamin D, phosphorus and albumin were found to have an impact (<i>P</i> = 0.027, <i>P</i> = 0.007, <i>P</i> = 0.023, <i>P</i> = 0.008). In multivariate regression analysis, the same factors did not affect rejection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The serum 25 (OH) vitamin D level in kidney transplant recipients remained low. Although low serum vitamin D level emerged as a risk factor for rejection in univariate analysis, this finding was not confirmed by multivariate analysis. Prospective studies are required to determine the effect of serum vitamin D levels on allograft rejection.</p>","PeriodicalId":68893,"journal":{"name":"世界移植杂志(英文版)","volume":"12 9","pages":"299-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/30/33/WJT-12-299.PMC9516489.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40390918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kidney disease in non-kidney solid organ transplantation.","authors":"Kurtis J Swanson","doi":"10.5500/wjt.v12.i8.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5500/wjt.v12.i8.231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kidney disease after non-kidney solid organ transplantation (NKSOT) is a common post-transplant complication associated with deleterious outcomes. Kidney disease, both acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease (CKD) alike, emanates from multifactorial, summative pre-, peri- and post-transplant events. Several factors leading to kidney disease are shared amongst solid organ transplantation in addition to distinct mechanisms unique to individual transplant types. The aim of this review is to summarize the current literature describing kidney disease in NKSOT. We conducted a narrative review of pertinent studies on the subject, limiting our search to full text studies in the English language. Kidney disease after NKSOT is prevalent, particularly in intestinal and lung transplantation. Management strategies in the peri-operative and post-transplant periods including proteinuria management, calcineurin-inhibitor minimization/ sparing approaches, and nephrology referral can counteract CKD progression and/or aid in subsequent kidney after solid organ transplantation. Kidney disease after NKSOT is an important consideration in organ allocation practices, ethics of transplantation. Kidney disease after SOT is an incipient condition demanding further inquiry. While some truths have been revealed about this chronic disease, as we have aimed to describe in this review, continued multidisciplinary efforts are needed more than ever to combat this threat to patient and allograft survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":68893,"journal":{"name":"世界移植杂志(英文版)","volume":"12 8","pages":"231-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9a/8f/WJT-12-231.PMC9453292.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33485217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and outcomes of liver transplantation among older recipients in the United States.","authors":"Kenji Okumura,&nbsp;Joon Sub Lee,&nbsp;Abhay Dhand,&nbsp;Hiroshi Sogawa,&nbsp;Gregory Veillette,&nbsp;Devon John,&nbsp;Ryosuke Misawa,&nbsp;Roxana Bodin,&nbsp;David C Wolf,&nbsp;Thomas Diflo,&nbsp;Seigo Nishida","doi":"10.5500/wjt.v12.i8.259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5500/wjt.v12.i8.259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The average age of recipients and donors of liver transplantation (LT) is increasing. Although there has been a change in the indications for LT over the years, data regarding the trends and outcomes of LT in the older population is limited.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the clinical characteristics, age-related trends, and outcomes of LT among the older population in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from the United Network for Organ Sharing database between 1987-2019. The sample was split into younger group (18-64 years old) and older group (≥ 65 years old).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 1987-2019, 155758 LT were performed in the United States. During this period there was a rise in median age of the recipients and percentage of LT recipients who were older than 65 years increased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) with the highest incidence of LT among older population seen in 2019 (1920, 23%). Common primary etiologies of liver disease leading to LT in older patients when compared to the younger group, were non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (16.4% <i>vs</i> 5.9%), hepatocellular carcinoma (14.9% <i>vs</i> 6.9%), acute liver failure (2.5% <i>vs</i> 5.2%), hepatitis C cirrhosis (HCV) (19.2 % <i>vs</i> 25.6%) and acute alcoholic hepatitis (0.13% <i>vs</i> 0.35%). In older recipient group female sex and Asian race were higher, while model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and rates of preoperative mechanical ventilation were lower (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Median age of donor, female sex, body mass index (BMI), donor HCV positive status, and donor risk index (DRI) were significantly higher in older group (<i>P</i> < 0.01). In univariable analysis, there was no difference in post-transplant length of hospitalization, one-year, three-year and five-year graft survivals between the two groups. In multivariable Cox-Hazard regression analysis, older group had an increased risk of graft failure during the five-year post-transplant period (hazard ratio: 1.27, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Other risk factors for graft failure among recipients were male sex, African American race, re-transplantation, presence of diabetes, mechanical ventilation at the time of LT, higher MELD score, presence of portal vein thrombosis, HCV positive status, and higher DRI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While there is a higher risk of graft failure in older recipient population, age alone should not be a contraindication for LT. Careful selection of donors and recipients along with optimal management of risk factors during the postoperative period are necessary to maximize the transplant outcomes in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":68893,"journal":{"name":"世界移植杂志(英文版)","volume":"12 8","pages":"259-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ae/bb/WJT-12-259.PMC9453296.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33485216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypertension in kidney transplant recipients.","authors":"Maria-Eleni Alexandrou,&nbsp;Charles J Ferro,&nbsp;Ioannis Boletis,&nbsp;Aikaterini Papagianni,&nbsp;Pantelis Sarafidis","doi":"10.5500/wjt.v12.i8.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5500/wjt.v12.i8.211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kidney transplantation is considered the treatment of choice for end-stage kidney disease patients. However, the residual cardiovascular risk remains significantly higher in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) than in the general population. Hypertension is highly prevalent in KTRs and represents a major modifiable risk factor associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes and reduced patient and graft survival. Proper definition of hypertension and recognition of special phenotypes and abnormal diurnal blood pressure (BP) patterns is crucial for adequate BP control. Misclassification by office BP is commonly encountered in these patients, and a high proportion of masked and uncontrolled hypertension, as well as of white-coat hypertension, has been revealed in these patients with the use of ambulatory BP monitoring. The pathophysiology of hypertension in KTRs is multifactorial, involving traditional risk factors, factors related to chronic kidney disease and factors related to the transplantation procedure. In the absence of evidence from large-scale randomized controlled trials in this population, BP targets for hypertension management in KTR have been extrapolated from chronic kidney disease populations. The most recent Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes 2021 guidelines recommend lowering BP to less than 130/80 mmHg using standardized BP office measurements. Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin-II receptor blockers have been established as the preferred first-line agents, on the basis of emphasis placed on their favorable outcomes on graft survival. The aim of this review is to provide previous and recent evidence on prevalence, accurate diagnosis, pathophysiology and treatment of hypertension in KTRs.</p>","PeriodicalId":68893,"journal":{"name":"世界移植杂志(英文版)","volume":"12 8","pages":"211-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8e/6f/WJT-12-211.PMC9453294.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33485214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute kidney injury and the compensation of kidney function after nephrectomy in living donation.","authors":"Kenji Okumura,&nbsp;Holly Grace,&nbsp;Hiroshi Sogawa,&nbsp;Shigeyoshi Yamanaga","doi":"10.5500/wjt.v12.i8.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5500/wjt.v12.i8.223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute kidney injury (AKI) incidence is growing rapidly, and AKI is one of the predictors of inpatient mortality. After nephrectomy, all the patients have decreased kidney function with AKI and recover from AKI. However, the characteristic and behavior of AKI is different from usual AKI and compensatory kidney function has been well known in the postoperative setting, especially in living donors. In this review, we have focused on the compensation of kidney function after nephrectomy in living donors. We discuss factors that have been identified as being associated with kidney recovery in donors including age, sex, body mass index, remnant kidney volume, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and various comorbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":68893,"journal":{"name":"世界移植杂志(英文版)","volume":"12 8","pages":"223-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/85/f4/WJT-12-223.PMC9453297.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33484768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastrointestinal manifestations, risk factors, and management in patients with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder: A systematic review.","authors":"William Reiche,&nbsp;Abubakar Tauseef,&nbsp;Ahmed Sabri,&nbsp;Mohsin Mirza,&nbsp;David Cantu,&nbsp;Peter Silberstein,&nbsp;Saurabh Chandan","doi":"10.5500/wjt.v12.i8.268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5500/wjt.v12.i8.268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with a history of solid organ transplantation (SOT) or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are at an increased risk of developing post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is commonly affected as it has an abundance of B and T cells.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine typical GI-manifestations, risk factors for developing PTLD, and management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Major databases were searched until November 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Non-case report studies that described GI manifestations of PTLD, risk factors for developing PTLD, and management of PTLD were included. Nine articles written within the last 20 years were included in the review. All articles found that patients with a history of SOT, regardless of transplanted organ, have a propensity to develop GI-PTLD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GI tract manifestations may be nonspecific; therefore, consideration of risk factors is crucial for identifying GI-PTLD. Like other lymphoma variants, PTLD is very aggressive making early diagnosis key to prognosis. Initial treatment is reduction of immunosuppression which is effective in more than 50% of cases; however, additional therapy including rituximab, chemotherapy, and surgery may also be required.</p>","PeriodicalId":68893,"journal":{"name":"世界移植杂志(英文版)","volume":"12 8","pages":"268-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a4/d8/WJT-12-268.PMC9453293.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33485218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergency department visits and hospital admissions in kidney transplant recipients during the COVID-19 pandemic: A hospital-based study.","authors":"Wachira Wongtanasarasin,&nbsp;Phichayut Phinyo","doi":"10.5500/wjt.v12.i8.250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5500/wjt.v12.i8.250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Several studies have demonstrated that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected daily living and the healthcare system. No previous study has described the consequences of COVID-19 on emergency department (ED) visits and hospital admission among kidney transplant (KT) recipients.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ED visits and hospital admissions within 1 year in patients who underwent KT in Thailand.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study at a university hospital in Thailand. We reviewed the hospital records of KT patients who visited the ED during the outbreak of COVID-19 (from January 2020 to December 2021). We used the previous 2 years as the control period in the analysis. We obtained baseline demographics and ED visit characteristics for each KT patient. The outcomes of interest were ED visits and ED visits leading to hospital admission within the 1^st year following a KT. The rate of ED visits and ED visits leading to hospital admissions between the two periods were compared using the stratified Cox proportional hazards model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 263 patients were included in this study: 112 during the COVID-19 period and 151 during the control period. There were 34 and 41 ED visits after KT in the COVID-19 and control periods, respectively. The rate of first ED visit at 1 year was not significantly different in the COVID-19 period, compared with the control period [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.54-1.92; <i>P</i> = 0.96]. The hospital admission rate was similar between periods (HR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.50-1.69; <i>P</i> = 0.78).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ED visits and hospital admissions within the 1^st year in KT recipients were not affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite these findings, we believe that communication between post-KT patients and healthcare providers is essential to highlight the importance of prompt ED visits for acute health conditions, particularly in post-KT patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":68893,"journal":{"name":"世界移植杂志(英文版)","volume":"12 8","pages":"250-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e6/6a/WJT-12-250.PMC9453295.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33485219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac risk stratification of the liver transplant candidate: A comprehensive review.","authors":"Sanjana Nagraj,&nbsp;Spyros Peppas,&nbsp;Maria Gabriela Rubianes Guerrero,&nbsp;Damianos G Kokkinidis,&nbsp;Felipe I Contreras-Yametti,&nbsp;Sandhya Murthy,&nbsp;Ulrich P Jorde","doi":"10.5500/wjt.v12.i7.142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5500/wjt.v12.i7.142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) form a principal consideration in patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) undergoing evaluation for liver transplant (LT) with prognostic implications in the peri- and post-transplant periods. As the predominant etiology of ESLD continues to evolve, addressing CVD in these patients has become increasingly relevant. Likewise, as the number of LTs increase by the year, the proportion of older adults on the waiting list with competing comorbidities increase, and the demographics of LT candidates evolve with parallel increases in their CVD risk profiles. The primary goal of cardiac risk assessment is to preemptively reduce the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that may arise from hemodynamic stress in the peri- and post-transplant periods. The complex hemodynamics shared by ESLD patients in the pre-transplant period with adverse cardiovascular events occurring in only some of these recipients continue to challenge currently available guidelines and their uniform applicability. This review focusses on cardiac assessment of LT candidates in a stepwise manner with special emphasis on preoperative patient optimization. We hope that this will reinforce the importance of cardiovascular optimization prior to LT, prevent futile LT in those with advanced CVD beyond the stage of optimization, and thereby use the finite resources prudently.</p>","PeriodicalId":68893,"journal":{"name":"世界移植杂志(英文版)","volume":"12 7","pages":"142-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e3/5d/WJT-12-142.PMC9331410.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40342802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robot-assisted kidney transplantation: Is it getting ready for prime time?","authors":"Vincenzo Li Marzi,&nbsp;Alessio Pecoraro,&nbsp;Maria Lucia Gallo,&nbsp;Leonardo Caroti,&nbsp;Adriano Peris,&nbsp;Graziano Vignolini,&nbsp;Sergio Serni,&nbsp;Riccardo Campi","doi":"10.5500/wjt.v12.i7.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5500/wjt.v12.i7.163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kidney transplantation (KT) is the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage renal disease, providing a better survival rate and quality of life compared to dialysis. Despite the progress in the medical management of KT patients, from a purely surgical standpoint, KT has resisted innovations during the last 50 years. Recently, robot-assisted KT (RAKT) has been proposed as an alternative approach to open surgery, especially due to its potential benefits for fragile and immunocompromised recipients. It was not until 2014 that the role of RAKT has found value thanks to the pioneering Vattikuti Urology Institute-Medanta collaboration that conceptualized and developed a new surgical technique for RAKT following the Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long-term follow-up recommendations for introducing surgical innovations into real-life practice. During the last years, mirroring the Vattikuti-Medanta technique, several centers developed RAKT program worldwide, providing strong evidence about the safety and the feasibility of this procedure. However, the majority of RAKT are still performed in the living donor setting, as an \"eligible\" procedure, while only a few centers have realized KT through a robotic approach in the challenging scenario of cadaver donation. In addition, despite the spread of minimally-invasive (predominantly robotic) surgery worldwide, many KTs are still performed in an open fashion. Regardless of the type of incision employed by surgeons, open KT may lead to non-negligible risks of wound complications, especially among obese patients. Particularly, the assessment for KT should consider not only the added surgical technical challenges but also the higher risk of postoperative complications. In this context, robotic surgery could offer several benefits, including providing a better exposure of the surgical field and better instrument maneuverability, as well as the possibility to integrate other technological nuances, such as the use of intraoperative fluorescence vascular imaging with indocyanine green to assess the ureteral vascularization before the uretero-vesical anastomosis. Therefore, our review aims to report the more significant experiences regarding RAKT, focusing on the results and future perspectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":68893,"journal":{"name":"世界移植杂志(英文版)","volume":"12 7","pages":"163-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c7/72/WJT-12-163.PMC9331411.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40342799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiome dysbiosis in the setting of solid organ transplantation: What we have gleaned from human and animal studies.","authors":"Aparna Sharma,&nbsp;Emmanouil Giorgakis","doi":"10.5500/wjt.v12.i7.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5500/wjt.v12.i7.157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human gut microbiome refers to all of the microorganisms present throughout the length of the gastrointestinal tract. Gut flora influence host metabolic and immune processes in myriad ways. They also play an important role in maturation and modulation of the immune system. Dysbiosis or a pathologic alteration in gut flora has been implicated in a number of diseases ranging from metabolic, autoimmune and degenerative. Whether dysbiosis has similar implications in organ transplant has been the focus of a number of pre-clinical and clinical studies. Researchers have observed significant microbiome changes after solid organ transplantation in humans that have been associated with clinical outcomes such as post-transplant urinary tract infections and diarrhea. In this article, we will discuss the available data regarding pathologic alterations in gut microbiome (dysbiosis) in solid organ transplant recipients as well as some of challenges in this field. We will also discuss animal studies focusing on mouse models of transplantation that shed light on the underlying mechanisms that explain these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":68893,"journal":{"name":"世界移植杂志(英文版)","volume":"12 7","pages":"157-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/53/a5/WJT-12-157.PMC9331413.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40342803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}