传感技术(英文)Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0486-3.CH004
Nagesh Kumar, Yashwant Singh
{"title":"Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"Nagesh Kumar, Yashwant Singh","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-0486-3.CH004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0486-3.CH004","url":null,"abstract":"In Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), the routing protocols have been given attention because most of the routing protocols are application and architecture dependent. This chapter presents routing protocols for wireless sensor networks and also classifies routing in WSN. Chapter gives five main classifications of routing protocols in WSN which are data-centric, hierarchical, location-based, network flow and QoS aware and opportunistic routing protocols. The focus has been given on advancement of routing in WSN in form of opportunistic routing, in which the sensor nodes utilize broadcasting nature of wireless links and the data packets can be transmitted through different paths. The routing protocols for WSN are described and discussed under the appropriate classification. A table of comparison of routing protocols on the basis of power usage, data aggregation, scalability, query basis, overhead, data delivery model and QoS parameters has been presented.","PeriodicalId":68742,"journal":{"name":"传感技术(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83961715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
传感技术(英文)Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-2454-1.ch075
Noor Zaman Jhanjhi, L. T. Jung, V. Ponnusamy
{"title":"Application of Self-Healing in Wireless Sensor Network","authors":"Noor Zaman Jhanjhi, L. T. Jung, V. Ponnusamy","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-2454-1.ch075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2454-1.ch075","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are gaining popularity in many monitoring and event detection areas. But the limitation of low power sensors needs to be further researched to combat the self-healing aspect of sensor networks. Therefore this paper aims to present a survey on application of self-healing routing protocols in wireless sensor networks that have been designed by analyzing their operation, advantages and disadvantages. This presents an outline of each application of the protocol and an idea of how these features could be adapted into future research area in self-healing wireless sensor networks in terms of energy aspect. The self-healing characteristics are mainly derived from biologically-inspired mechanisms for autonomic behavior. Autonomic behavior systems are characterized into four functional systems as self-configuration, self-healing, self-optimization and self-protection. This survey mainly focuses on self-healing characteristics from the biologically-inspired perspectives as well as non-bio-inspired perspectives.","PeriodicalId":68742,"journal":{"name":"传感技术(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91240451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
传感技术(英文)Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-9911-3.CH003
Asmaa Osamaa, Shaimaa A. El-said, A. Hassanien
{"title":"Energy-Efficient Routing Techniques for Wireless Sensors Networks","authors":"Asmaa Osamaa, Shaimaa A. El-said, A. Hassanien","doi":"10.4018/978-1-4666-9911-3.CH003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9911-3.CH003","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which normally consist of hundreds or thousands of sensor nodes each capable of sensing, processing, and transmitting environmental information, are deployed to monitor certain physical phenomena or to detect and track certain objects in an area of interests. The sensor nodes in WSN transmit data depending on local information and parameters such as signal strength, power consumption, location of data collection and accretion. Only reachable nodes are able to communicate with each other directly to collect and transmit data. The motes have limited energy resources along with constraints on its computational and storage capabilities. Thus, innovative techniques that eliminate energy inefficiencies that would shorten the lifetime of the network are highly required. Such constraints combined with a typical deployment of large number of sensor nodes pose many challenges to the design and management of WSNs and necessitate energy-awareness at all layers of the networking protocol stack. In this chapter, we present a survey of the state-of-the-art routing techniques in WSNs that take into consideration the energy issue.","PeriodicalId":68742,"journal":{"name":"传感技术(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90119100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
传感技术(英文)Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-2342-0.CH010
A. E. Abo-Elhassab, S. El-kader, S. Elramly
{"title":"Wireless Sensor Networks Localization","authors":"A. E. Abo-Elhassab, S. El-kader, S. Elramly","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-2342-0.CH010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2342-0.CH010","url":null,"abstract":"Localization is a fundamental problem in wireless sensor networks. Localization means the determination of geographical locations of sensor nodes, consequently detecting the event location and to initiate a prompt action whenever necessary. The localization process passes with three phases distance and/or angle estimation phase, position phase and algorithm phase. There are many techniques can be used in each phase, some of these techniques may add additional devices, cost, power consumption, or delay to the network. This chapter includes a classification and overview of the most popular localization techniques in each phase, also high lighting the problems of these techniques and their solutions in such a way that helps in understanding localization concepts especially with respect to WSN localization.","PeriodicalId":68742,"journal":{"name":"传感技术(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79867747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
传感技术(英文)Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-2454-1.ch062
T. J. Swamy, G. R. Murthy
{"title":"Cost Minimization of Sensor Placement and Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"T. J. Swamy, G. R. Murthy","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-2454-1.ch062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2454-1.ch062","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless Sensor Nodes (WSNs) are small in size and have limited energy resources. Recent technological advances have facilitated widespread use of wireless sensor networks in many real world applications. In real life situations WSN has to cover an area or monitor a number of nodes on a plane. Sensor node's coverage range is proportional to their cost, as high cost sensor nodes have higher coverage ranges. The main goal of this paper is to minimize the node placement cost with the help of uniform and non-uniform 2D grid planes. Authors propose a new algorithm for data transformation between strongly connected sensor nodes, based on graph theory.","PeriodicalId":68742,"journal":{"name":"传感技术(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76553883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
传感技术(英文)Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0501-3.CH018
M. Rao, N. K. Kamila
{"title":"Wireless Sensor Network Enabled Vehicle Parking System","authors":"M. Rao, N. K. Kamila","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-0501-3.CH018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0501-3.CH018","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has many applications and its application in vehicle parking systems is increasing as finding parking space for four wheeler and two wheeler vehicles is a growing challenge in many fast growing cities. Consumers are indeed looking for automated parking systems with reservations being made online so as to save time that is spent finding parking space. Vehicle Parking Systems are adopting wireless sensor networks for monitoring and also create possibilities of online bookings using sensor clouds when connected to the internet via the sink node, however maneuvering vehicles into the parking slots is challenging. Users can download and use mobile application of this parking system to book their parking slots which may be available due to a sensor cloud. These possibilities have many constraints which are multi objective as well. The chapter explores these dimensions.","PeriodicalId":68742,"journal":{"name":"传感技术(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88896732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
传感技术(英文)Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-2454-1.ch001
Mamta Bachani, Ahsan M. Memon, F. Shaikh
{"title":"Sensors Network","authors":"Mamta Bachani, Ahsan M. Memon, F. Shaikh","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-2454-1.ch001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2454-1.ch001","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter aims to develop an understanding of sensor networks and the security threats posed to them, owing to the inherently insecure wireless nature. It also highlights the current security issues associated with the exchange of information and presents respective countermeasures that can be used to secure the network of malevolent behavior. It builds the reader's understanding of security threats by presenting an idealistic security mechanism and comparing it to currently practiced security mechanisms. Doing so, it identifies the security flaws in each mechanism, henceforth, enumerating a list of well-known security attacks that are connected to the respective security flaws. To provide a better understanding of security threats, the security attacks, in general, are discussed in the perspective of a network administrator, and an adversary. Their impact is also considered from the side of a network administrator and its respective benefits to the adversary. The chapter is later concluded along with future directives and an insight on requirements of forthcoming technologies.","PeriodicalId":68742,"journal":{"name":"传感技术(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78265719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
传感技术(英文)Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.12677/jsta.2020.82003
莉杰 胡
{"title":"Application of Metal Oxide Arrayed Sensor in Honey Quality Control","authors":"莉杰 胡","doi":"10.12677/jsta.2020.82003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12677/jsta.2020.82003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":68742,"journal":{"name":"传感技术(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66128322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
传感技术(英文)Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.12677/jsta.2020.83010
艳 杰鞠
{"title":"Design of Intelligent Speed-Adjusting DC Fan Based on FPGA","authors":"艳 杰鞠","doi":"10.12677/jsta.2020.83010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12677/jsta.2020.83010","url":null,"abstract":"本文主要介绍一款基于FPGA的智能调速风扇系统。本系统采用两种控制方式，一是温度自动控制，二是传统的档位控制，采用KCD1船型开关进行切换，并配备夜间呼吸灯用以提高用户舒适度。本设计以FPGA为控制核心，采用DHT11温湿度传感器检测室内温湿度，8位数码管实时显示温湿度数据，同时辅以温度自适应转速调节控制算法输出PWM调制信号到L9110直流电机驱动模块用于驱动并调节直流电机转速，达到自动控制风扇转速的效果。此设计的创新点在于，本研究从传统的风扇出发，加装本设计系统就可实现智能控制，兼顾其便利与舒适。 This article mainly introduces an intelligent speed-adjusting fan system based on FPGA. The system adopts two control modes, one is automatic temperature control, the other is traditional gear control, which is switched by KCD1 ship type switch, and equipped with nighttime breathing lights to improve user comfort. This system takes FPGA as the control core, the DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor is used to detect the indoor temperature and humidity. The 8-bit digital tube displays the temperature and humidity data in real time, and is supplemented by the temperature adaptive speed adjustment control algorithm. The PWM modulation signal is output to the L9110 DC motor drive module for driving and adjusting the DC motor speed to achieve the effect of automatically controlling the fan speed. The innovation of this design lies in that this research starts from the traditional fan, and the intelligent control can be realized by adding this design system, taking into account its convenience and comfort.","PeriodicalId":68742,"journal":{"name":"传感技术(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66128664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
传感技术(英文)Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-2454-1.ch072
Mira Rani Debbarma, Sangita Rani Bhowmik, Abhishek Majumder
{"title":"E-VEDGE","authors":"Mira Rani Debbarma, Sangita Rani Bhowmik, Abhishek Majumder","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-2454-1.ch072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2454-1.ch072","url":null,"abstract":"Hole minimization in wireless sensor networks is a critical issue. In the presence of obstacles, the issue becomes much more challenging. In this article, a hole minimization technique named enhanced VEDGE (E-VEDGE) has been proposed. The scheme uses both the Voronoi polygon and Delaunay triangulation so that it can work efficiently in presence of obstacle. The proposed scheme, along with two other existing schemes namely: VEDGE and the Delaunay Triangulation-Score (DT-Score) has been simulated. Simulation results show that while the proposed E-VEDGE provides a maximum coverage of 95% to 96.8%, VEDGE and DT-Score provide maximum coverage of 89% to 92.5% and 86% to 87%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":68742,"journal":{"name":"传感技术(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73700459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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