软件产业与工程 Pub Date : 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.1145/3540250.3549168

Mahnaz Behroozi, Chris Parnin, Chris Brown

{"title":"Asynchronous technical interviews: reducing the effect of supervised think-aloud on communication ability","authors":"Mahnaz Behroozi, Chris Parnin, Chris Brown","doi":"10.1145/3540250.3549168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3540250.3549168","url":null,"abstract":"Software engineers often face a critical test before landing a job—passing a technical interview. During these sessions, candidates must write code while thinking aloud as they work toward a solution to a problem under the watchful eye of an interviewer. While thinking aloud during technical interviews gives interviewers a picture of candidates’ problem-solving ability, surprisingly, these types of interviews often prevent candidates from communicating their thought process effectively. To understand if poor performance related to interviewer presence can be reduced while preserving communication and technical skills, we introduce asynchronous technical interviews—where candidates submit recordings of think-aloud and coding. We compare this approach to traditional whiteboard interviews and find that, by eliminating interviewer supervision, asynchronicity significantly improved the clarity of think-aloud via increased informativeness and reduced stress. Moreover, we discovered asynchronous technical interviews preserved, and in some cases even enhanced, technical problem-solving strategies and code quality. This work offers insight into asynchronous technical interviews as a design for supporting communication during interviews, and discusses trade-offs and guidelines for implementing this approach in software engineering hiring practices.","PeriodicalId":68155,"journal":{"name":"软件产业与工程","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84225166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are elevator software robust against uncertainties? results and experiences from an industrial case study 电梯软件对不确定性是否稳健?一个工业案例研究的结果和经验

软件产业与工程 Pub Date : 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.1145/3540250.3558955

Liping Han, T. Yue, Sajid Ali, Aitor Arrieta, Maite Arratibel

{"title":"Are elevator software robust against uncertainties? results and experiences from an industrial case study","authors":"Liping Han, T. Yue, Sajid Ali, Aitor Arrieta, Maite Arratibel","doi":"10.1145/3540250.3558955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3540250.3558955","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial elevator systems are complex Cyber-Physical Systems operating in uncertain environments and experiencing uncertain passenger behaviors, hardware delays, and software errors. Identifying, understanding, and classifying such uncertainties are essential to enable system designers to reason about uncertainties and subsequently develop solutions for empowering elevator systems to deal with uncertainties systematically. To this end, we present a method, called RuCynefin, based on the Cynefin framework to classify uncertainties in industrial elevator systems from our industrial partner (Orona, Spain), results of which can then be used for assessing their robustness. RuCynefin is equipped with a novel classification algorithm to identify the Cynefin contexts for a variety of uncertainties in industrial elevator systems, and a novel metric for measuring the robustness using the uncertainty classification. We evaluated RuCynefin with an industrial case study of 90 dispatchers from Orona to assess their robustness against uncertainties. Results show that RuCynefin could effectively identify several situations for which certain dispatchers were not robust. Specifically, 93% of such versions showed some degree of low robustness against uncertainties. We also provide insights on the potential practical usages of RuCynefin, which are useful for practitioners in this field.","PeriodicalId":68155,"journal":{"name":"软件产业与工程","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83974428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Sentiment in software engineering: detection and application 软件工程中的情感:检测与应用

软件产业与工程 Pub Date : 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.1145/3540250.3558908

Nathan Cassee

引用次数: 0

RESTInfer: automated inferring parameter constraints from natural language RESTful API descriptions RESTInfer:从自然语言RESTful API描述中自动推断参数约束

软件产业与工程 Pub Date : 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.1145/3540250.3559078

Yi Liu

引用次数: 1

Sometimes you have to treat the symptoms: tackling model drift in an industrial clone-and-own software product line 有时您必须处理症状:处理工业克隆和自有软件产品线中的模型漂移

软件产业与工程 Pub Date : 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.1145/3540250.3558960

Christof Tinnes, Wolfgang Rössler, U. Hohenstein, Torsten Kühn, A. Biesdorf, S. Apel

{"title":"Sometimes you have to treat the symptoms: tackling model drift in an industrial clone-and-own software product line","authors":"Christof Tinnes, Wolfgang Rössler, U. Hohenstein, Torsten Kühn, A. Biesdorf, S. Apel","doi":"10.1145/3540250.3558960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3540250.3558960","url":null,"abstract":"Many industrial software product lines use a clone-and-own approach for reuse among software products. As a result, the different products in the product line may drift apart, which implies increased efforts for tasks such as change propagation, domain analysis, and quality assurance. While many solutions have been proposed in the literature, these are often difficult to apply in a real-world setting. We study this drift of products in a concrete large-scale industrial model-driven clone-and-own software product line in the railway domain at our industry partner. For this purpose, we conducted interviews and a survey, and we investigated the models in the model history of this project. We found that increased efforts are mainly caused by large model differences and increased communication efforts. We argue that, in the short-term, treating the symptoms (i.e., handling large model differences) can help to keep efforts for software product-line engineering acceptable — instead of employing sophisticated variability management. To treat the symptoms, we employ a solution based on semantic-lifting to simplify model differences. Using the interviews and the survey, we evaluate the feasibility of variability management approaches and the semantic-lifting approach in the context of this project.","PeriodicalId":68155,"journal":{"name":"软件产业与工程","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80308372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

RegMiner: mining replicable regression dataset from code repositories RegMiner:从代码库中挖掘可复制的回归数据集

软件产业与工程 Pub Date : 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.1145/3540250.3558929

Xuezhi Song, Yun Lin, Yijian Wu, Yifan Zhang, Siang Hwee Ng, Xin Peng, J. Dong, Hong Mei

{"title":"RegMiner: mining replicable regression dataset from code repositories","authors":"Xuezhi Song, Yun Lin, Yijian Wu, Yifan Zhang, Siang Hwee Ng, Xin Peng, J. Dong, Hong Mei","doi":"10.1145/3540250.3558929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3540250.3558929","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we introduce a tool, RegMiner, to automate the process of collecting replicable regression bugs from a set of Git repositories. In the code commit history, RegMiner searches for regressions where a test can pass a regression-fixing commit, fail a regressioninducing commit, and pass a previous working commit again. Technically, RegMiner (1) identifies potential regression-fixing commits from the code evolution history, (2) migrates the test and its code dependencies in the commit over the history, and (3) minimizes the compilation overhead during the regression search. Our experients show that RegMiner can successfully collect 1035 regressions over 147 projects in 8 weeks, creating the largest replicable regression dataset within the shortest period, to the best of our knowledge. In addition, our experiments further show that (1) RegMiner can construct the regression dataset with very high precision and acceptable recall, and (2) the constructed regression dataset is of high authenticity and diversity. The source code of RegMiner is available at https://github.com/SongXueZhi/RegMiner, the mined regression dataset is available at https://regminer.github.io/, and the demonstration video is available at https://youtu.be/yzcM9Y4unok.","PeriodicalId":68155,"journal":{"name":"软件产业与工程","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72480740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Code, quality, and process metrics in graduated and retired ASFI projects 毕业和退休ASFI项目中的代码、质量和过程度量

软件产业与工程 Pub Date : 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.1145/3540250.3549132

Stefan Stanciulescu, Likang Yin, V. Filkov

{"title":"Code, quality, and process metrics in graduated and retired ASFI projects","authors":"Stefan Stanciulescu, Likang Yin, V. Filkov","doi":"10.1145/3540250.3549132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3540250.3549132","url":null,"abstract":"Recent work on open source sustainability shows that successful trajectories of projects in the Apache Software Foundation Incubator (ASFI) can be predicted early on, using a set of socio-technical measures. Because OSS projects are socio-technical systems centered around code artifacts, we hypothesize that sustainable projects may exhibit different code and process patterns than unsustainable ones, and that those patterns can grow more apparent as projects evolve over time. Here we studied the code and coding processes of over 200 ASFI projects, and found that ASFI graduated projects have different patterns of code quality and complexity than retired ones. Likewise for the coding processes – e.g., feature commits or bug-fixing commits are correlated with project graduation success. We find that minor contributors and major contributors (who contribute <5%, respectively >=95% commits) associate with graduation outcomes, implying that having also developers who contribute fewer commits are important for a project’s success. This study provides evidence that OSS projects, especially nascent ones, can benefit from introspection and instrumentation using multidimensional modeling of the whole system, including code, processes, and code quality measures, and how they are interconnected over time.","PeriodicalId":68155,"journal":{"name":"软件产业与工程","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73842940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

DynaPyt: a dynamic analysis framework for Python DynaPyt: Python的动态分析框架

软件产业与工程 Pub Date : 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.1145/3540250.3549126

A. Eghbali, Michael Pradel

{"title":"DynaPyt: a dynamic analysis framework for Python","authors":"A. Eghbali, Michael Pradel","doi":"10.1145/3540250.3549126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3540250.3549126","url":null,"abstract":"Python is a widely used programming language that powers important application domains such as machine learning, data analysis, and web applications. For many programs in these domains it is consequential to analyze aspects like security and performance, and with Python’s dynamic nature, it is crucial to be able to dynamically analyze Python programs. However, existing tools and frameworks do not provide the means to implement dynamic analyses easily and practitioners resort to implementing an ad-hoc dynamic analysis for their own use case. This work presents DynaPyt, the first general-purpose framework for heavy-weight dynamic analysis of Python programs. Compared to existing tools for other programming languages, our framework provides a wider range of analysis hooks arranged in a hierarchical structure, which allows developers to concisely implement analyses. DynaPyt features selective instrumentation and execution modification as well. We evaluate our framework on test suites of 9 popular open-source Python projects, 1,268,545 lines of code in total, and show that it, by and large, preserves the semantics of the original execution. The running time of DynaPyt is between 1.2x and 16x times the original execution time, which is in line with similar frameworks designed for other languages, and 5.6%–88.6% faster than analyses using a built-in tracing API offered by Python. We also implement multiple analyses, show the simplicity of implementing them and some potential use cases of DynaPyt. Among the analyses implemented are: an analysis to detect a memory blow up in Pytorch programs, a taint analysis to detect SQL injections, and an analysis to warn about a runtime performance anti-pattern.","PeriodicalId":68155,"journal":{"name":"软件产业与工程","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80950064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Automatically deriving JavaScript static analyzers from specifications using Meta-level static analysis 使用元级静态分析从规范中自动派生JavaScript静态分析器

软件产业与工程 Pub Date : 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.1145/3540250.3549097

Jihyeok Park, Seungmin An, Sukyoung Ryu

{"title":"Automatically deriving JavaScript static analyzers from specifications using Meta-level static analysis","authors":"Jihyeok Park, Seungmin An, Sukyoung Ryu","doi":"10.1145/3540250.3549097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3540250.3549097","url":null,"abstract":"JavaScript is one of the most dominant programming languages. However, despite its popularity, it is a challenging task to correctly understand the behaviors of JavaScript programs because of their highly dynamic nature. Researchers have developed various static analyzers that strive to conform to ECMA-262, the standard specification of JavaScript. Unfortunately, all the existing JavaScript static analyzers require manual updates for new language features. This problem has become more critical since 2015 because the JavaScript language itself rapidly evolves with a yearly release cadence and open development process. In this paper, we present JSAVER, the first tool that automatically derives JavaScript static analyzers from language specifications. The main idea of our approach is to extract a definitional interpreter from ECMA-262 and perform a meta-level static analysis with the extracted interpreter. A meta-level static analysis is a novel technique that indirectly analyzes programs by analyzing a definitional interpreter with the programs. We also describe how to indirectly configure abstract domains and analysis sensitivities in a meta-level static analysis. For evaluation, we derived a static analyzer from the latest ECMA-262 (ES12, 2021) using JSAVER. The derived analyzer soundly analyzed all applicable 18,556 official conformance tests with 99.0% of precision in 590 ms on average. In addition, we demonstrate the configurability and adaptability of JSAVER with several case studies.","PeriodicalId":68155,"journal":{"name":"软件产业与工程","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87569201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Understanding why we cannot model how long a code review will take: an industrial case study 理解为什么我们不能对代码审查所需的时间建模:一个工业案例研究

软件产业与工程 Pub Date : 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.1145/3540250.3558945

Lawrence Chen, Peter C. Rigby, Nachiappan Nagappan

{"title":"Understanding why we cannot model how long a code review will take: an industrial case study","authors":"Lawrence Chen, Peter C. Rigby, Nachiappan Nagappan","doi":"10.1145/3540250.3558945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3540250.3558945","url":null,"abstract":"Code review is an effective practice for finding defects, but because it is manually intensive it can slow down the continuous integration of changes. Our goal was to understand the factors that influenced the time a change, ie a diff at Meta, would spend in review. A developer survey showed that diff reviews start to feel slow after they have been waiting for around 24 hour review. We built a review time predictor model to identify potential factors that may be causing reviews to take longer, which we could use to predict when would be the best time to nudge reviewers or to identify diff-related factors that we may need to address. The strongest feature of the time spent in review model we built was the day of the week because diffs submitted near the weekend may have to wait for Monday for review. After removing time on weekends, the remaining features, including size of diff and the number of meetings the reviewers have did not provide substantial predictive power, thereby not being able to predict how long a code review would take. We contributed to the effort to reduce stale diffs by suggesting that diffs be nudged near the start of the workday and that diffs published near the weekend be nudged sooner on Friday to avoid waiting the entire weekend. We use a nudging threshold rather than a model because we showed that TimeInReview cannot be accurately modelled. The NudgeBot has been rolled to over 30k developers at Meta.","PeriodicalId":68155,"journal":{"name":"软件产业与工程","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77937848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

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