D. Stanko, G. Sommerkorn, Alexander Ihlow, G. D. Galdo
{"title":"Enable Software-Defined Radios for Real-Time MIMO Channel Sounding","authors":"D. Stanko, G. Sommerkorn, Alexander Ihlow, G. D. Galdo","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC50364.2021.9460077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC50364.2021.9460077","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based implementation of a switched multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channel sounder realization by use of software-defined radio (SDR) hardware (NI USRP-2954, X310 series with UBX 160 daughterboard). Essential basic functionalities are the synchronous switching of the antenna elements at both link ends and an integrated automatic gain control (AGC) at the receiver. To meet the high timing requirements in the switched MIMO setup, an FPGA-based AGC is introduced. The detector of the AGC is based on a sample-by-sample calculation of the average and maximum of the I/Q samples within a sliding window. The used SDR hardware allows a minimum AGC update interval of approx. 14 µs and a timing accuracy of the antenna switching of 5 ns. Our setup demonstrates the applicability of state-of-the-art SDRs as a sounding system for continuous acquisition of the time-variant, directional mobile radio channel.","PeriodicalId":6772,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75564703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lorenzo Mistral Peppi, Matteo Zauli, L. Manfrini, L. C. Grappadelli, L. Marchi, P. Traverso
{"title":"Implementation and Calibration of a Low-Cost Sensor Node for High-Resolution, Continuous and No-Manning Recording of Fruit Growth","authors":"Lorenzo Mistral Peppi, Matteo Zauli, L. Manfrini, L. C. Grappadelli, L. Marchi, P. Traverso","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC50364.2021.9459851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC50364.2021.9459851","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a low-cost sensor node prototype for in-field, non-invasive fruit growth measurement, with particular emphasis on the calibration procedures required to obtain a significant improvement in stability when environmental conditions change and, thus, optimized performance. Despite the low-cost components used, the prototype allows to continuously monitor the variations in fruit size during night/day and irrigation/chemical cycles with an effective resolution lower than one millimeter. The full-scale implemented achieves 12 cm, overcoming the need of relocating the sensor during the ripening season, as instead typical of high resolution alternative solutions.","PeriodicalId":6772,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"28 9","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91483118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heidi Fleischer, Lea Ariana Kroos, Shalaka Joshi, T. Roddelkopf, R. Stoll, K. Thurow
{"title":"Dual-arm Robotic Compound-oriented Measurement System: Integration of a Positive Pressure Solid Phase Extraction Unit","authors":"Heidi Fleischer, Lea Ariana Kroos, Shalaka Joshi, T. Roddelkopf, R. Stoll, K. Thurow","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC50364.2021.9459893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC50364.2021.9459893","url":null,"abstract":"Processes in compound-oriented measurements require a complex sample preparation prior the measurement. Solid phase extraction is a common procedure to separate the desired analytes from a complex sample matrix (sample cleanup). This multi-step procedure is often performed in a manual way with sequential sample processing. An automation will increase the sample throughput by parallel processing of multiple samples. In highly regulated areas, established and validated standard operating procedures must not be changed. The automation of laboratory processes often requires a process adaption, which results in differences to the manual procedure and many processes are still performed manually. Flexible automation systems are needed to perform a sample preparation process identical to the manual procedure. Dual-arm robots are a promising solution due to their human-like structure. A positive pressure unit for automated solid-phase extraction was integrated (hardware and software) into a dual-arm robotic system. The system allows automated compound-oriented measurement processes identical to the manual procedure. The graphical user interface enables the process generation and adaption by laboratory staff without programming knowledge or direct robot teaching. A practical application was realized for determination of benzoic acids in water using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The entire process involves the solid phase extraction followed by a sample derivatization, the transfer of the samples into the autosampler of the measuring device and the measurement in a fully automated process using a dual-arm robot.","PeriodicalId":6772,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91129110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moritz Scherer, Philipp Mayer, Alfio Di Mauro, M. Magno, L. Benini
{"title":"Towards Always-on Event-based Cameras for Long-lasting Battery-operated Smart Sensor Nodes","authors":"Moritz Scherer, Philipp Mayer, Alfio Di Mauro, M. Magno, L. Benini","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC50364.2021.9460037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC50364.2021.9460037","url":null,"abstract":"A recent and promising approach to minimize the power consumption of always-on battery-operated sensors is to perform “smart” detection of events to trigger processing. This approach effectively reduces the data bandwidth and power consumption at the system-level and increases the lifetime of sensor nodes. This paper presents an always-on, event-driven ultra-low-power camera platform for motion detection applications. The platform exploits an event-driven VGA imager that features a motion detection mode based on a tunable scene background subtraction algorithm and a grayscale imaging mode. To reduce the power consumption in the motion detection mode, the platform implements a configurable refresh rate which allows for adaption to sensing requirements by trading off between power consumption and detection sensitivity. With accurate experimental evaluation the paper demonstrates that the proposed approach reduces the system-level power consumption for always-on motion sensing applications by switching between an active 15 FPS imaging mode, consuming 5.5 mW and a low-power motion detection mode consuming 1.8 mW. We further estimate the power consumption for a single-chip solution and show that the system-level power budget can be reduced to 2.4 mW in imaging, and $400 mumathrm{W}$ in detection mode.","PeriodicalId":6772,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91282273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The AC Amplitude Measurement Characteristics of High-resolution Digitizers based on Calibration with Thermal Voltage Converter and Swerlein Algorithm","authors":"J. Konjevod, R. Malarić, P. Mostarac, M. Jurčević","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC50364.2021.9459912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC50364.2021.9459912","url":null,"abstract":"An automated test and calibration system based on a planar multijunction thermal voltage converter and a modular electronic instrumentation platform has been developed. Proposed measurement and calibration technique can be used to characterize ac amplitude measurement characteristics of high-resolution (24-bit) ADC based sampling devices and has been tested up to 100 kHz. Especially, a two-channel high-speed, high-resolution oscilloscope device has been internally self-calibrated and extensively characterized in the frequency range of 50 Hz-100 kHz. Furthermore, two ADCs, i.e. NI PXI 5922 and NI PXI 4461 have been compared with reference standard (Swerlein algorithm) to investigate their precision in rms amplitude measurement of ac signals.","PeriodicalId":6772,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"1981 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89673839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ECG Noise Removal and Efficient Arrhythmia Identification Based on Effective Signal-Piloted Processing and Machine Learning","authors":"S. Qaisar, D. Dallet","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC50364.2021.9459846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC50364.2021.9459846","url":null,"abstract":"For a viable classification of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, a signal-piloted adaptive rate processing approach is suggested for the efficient reduction of noise and extraction of features. By using an adaptive rate wavelet decomposition scheme, recognizable features are derived from the preconditioned signal. These attributes are then analyzed for arrhythmia recognition. By using a known arrhythmia, MIT-BIH, database, the output of the framework is studied. It is demonstrated that the system is able to adapt its parameters by analyzing the incoming signal variations. It permits the processing of a lower dimension dataset, for arrhythmia recognition, by the computationally efficient adaptive-rate denoising and subbands decomposition stages. This results in a major decrease in the system's computational costs. The amount of information, required to be sent to the health server is also drastically diminished. This aptitude shows a measurable decrease in the activity of data transmission and processing load of the post classifier. Moreover, the classification performance of the devised method is tested. Findings demonstrated a good performance by achieving 99.3 percent accuracy.","PeriodicalId":6772,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78224578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel measurement technique for DC voltage and current reducing the DMM loading effects","authors":"Emilio Torres, Carlos Monzo, F. Reverter","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC50364.2021.9460022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC50364.2021.9460022","url":null,"abstract":"A novel technique for the measurement of DC voltage and current that reduces the loading effects of a digital multimeter is presented in this work. When the variable of interest is a current (voltage), instead of connecting an ammeter (voltmeter) in series (parallel), it is proposed to connect a voltmeter (ammeter) and an ohmmeter in series (parallel) at the same two terminals conventionally employed. The application of this new measurement technique reduces the loading effects by a factor of at least 100 but up to 500, in comparison with those obtained in the conventional method.","PeriodicalId":6772,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"47 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78419242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Masmitja, Daniel Corregidor, Juan-Manuel López-Navarro, E. Martínez, J. Navarro, S. Gomáriz
{"title":"Miniaturised bidirectional acoustic tag to enhance marine animal tracking studies","authors":"I. Masmitja, Daniel Corregidor, Juan-Manuel López-Navarro, E. Martínez, J. Navarro, S. Gomáriz","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC50364.2021.9459945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC50364.2021.9459945","url":null,"abstract":"Acoustic underwater tags are key devices to study marine animals and comprehend their patterns, which provide essential behavioural information for applying new conservation policies. At present, all the acoustic tags have a unidirectional communication protocol, which introduces important limitations for their localisation such as range measurement, and in situ reconfiguration. To solve these issues and improve the current state-of-the-art acoustic tags, a new bidirectional tag device is presented in this paper. This innovative tag will allow new studies and will open a wide tracking capability by using autonomous underwater vehicles and range-based algorithms. Here, the main architecture of the tag, and its characteristics are presented alongside the first laboratory tests, and the results obtained.","PeriodicalId":6772,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72835494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tommaso Fedullo, Davide Cassanelli, G. Gibertoni, F. Tramarin, L. Quaranta, G. Angelis, L. Rovati
{"title":"A Machine Learning Approach for a Vision-Based Van-Herick Measurement System","authors":"Tommaso Fedullo, Davide Cassanelli, G. Gibertoni, F. Tramarin, L. Quaranta, G. Angelis, L. Rovati","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC50364.2021.9459946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC50364.2021.9459946","url":null,"abstract":"The application of Artificial Intelligence to the instrumentation and measurements field is nowadays an attractive research area. Indeed, Artificial Intelligence gives the possibility to perform activities also in case of inability to perfectly model a phenomenon or a system. Furthermore, making machines learn from data how to perform an activity, rather than hard code sequential instructions, is a common and effective practice in many modern research areas. This paper investigates the possibility to use Machine Learning techniques in an ophthalmic vision–based system performing automatic Anterior Chamber Angle measurements. Currently, this procedure can be performed only by appropriately trained medical personnel. For this reason, Machine Learning and Vision–Based techniques may greatly improve both test objectiveness and diagnostic accessibility, by allowing to automatically carry out the measurement procedure.","PeriodicalId":6772,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77331890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shibam Debbarma, Seyedfakhreddin Nabavi, S. Bhadra
{"title":"A Wireless Flexible Electrooculogram Monitoring System With Printed Electrodes","authors":"Shibam Debbarma, Seyedfakhreddin Nabavi, S. Bhadra","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC50364.2021.9459971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC50364.2021.9459971","url":null,"abstract":"Electroocugraphy (EOG) is a popular method of measuring biopotentials developed across the eyes during eye activities such as eye-blinking, vertical, and horizontal eye-movements. The measured signal is called electrooculogram (EOG) and has been known to be used in behavioral studies, cognitive neuroscience and sleep monitoring. In this work a single channel wearable wireless EOG monitoring system is presented. The entire system is implemented on a double sided polymide flexible substrate. The recording silver electrodes are printed on the bottom side of the substrate whereas the EOG signal recording and transmission circuitries are implemented on the top side of the substrate with printed silver traces. The system is run by a rechargeable battery and uses a BLE 5.0 transceiver for wireless connectivity. Design considerations for the wearable EOG monitoring system are discussed in details. The system performance is validated by successfully monitoring different eye movements with it. Additionally, comparison between the EOG signals observed using the printed silver electrodes and commercial gold electrodes of same dimensions demonstrate that the printed electrodes provide similar EOG signal amplitude like the commercial gold electrodes. With a 5.2 gram mass and flexibility the system has potential for monitoring EOG signal without causing discomfort to the wearer.","PeriodicalId":6772,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86932065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}