Brain Science Advances最新文献

{"title":"Embodied tactile perception and learning","authors":"Huaping Liu, Di Guo, F. Sun, Wuqiang Yang, S. Furber, Teng Sun","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2020.9050012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2020.9050012","url":null,"abstract":"Various living creatures exhibit embodiment intelligence, which is reflected by a collaborative interaction of the brain, body, and environment. The actual behavior of embodiment intelligence is generated by a continuous and dynamic interaction between a subject and the environment through information perception and physical manipulation. The physical interaction between a robot and the environment is the basis for realizing embodied perception and learning. Tactile information plays a critical role in this physical interaction process. It can be used to ensure safety, stability, and compliance, and can provide unique information that is difficult to capture using other perception modalities. However, due to the limitations of existing sensors and perception and learning methods, the development of robotic tactile research lags significantly behind other sensing modalities, such as vision and hearing, thereby seriously restricting the development of robotic embodiment intelligence. This paper presents the current challenges related to robotic tactile embodiment intelligence and reviews the theory and methods of robotic embodied tactile intelligence. Tactile perception and learning methods for embodiment intelligence can be designed based on the development of new large‐scale tactile array sensing devices, with the aim to make breakthroughs in the neuromorphic computing technology of tactile intelligence.","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26599/BSA.2020.9050012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48259974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronotype distribution in the Chinese population","authors":"Zhiwei Liu, Yingying Dong, Ying Xu, Fei Zhou","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2020.9050004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2020.9050004","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Individual chronotypes are reported to be closely associated with mood, health status, and even disease progression. However, no reports of chronotype distribution in the Chinese population have been made available to date. Methods: We performed a chronotype survey using the classic Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire both online and offline. The webpage-based online survey was distributed via a social network application on mobile phones. The offline survey was distributed to local primary and middle schools. A total of 9476 questionnaires were collected, of which 8395 were valid. The mean age of the participants was 30.38 ± 11.47 years, and 37.38% were male. Results: Overall, the Chinese chronotypes showed a near-normal distribution with a slight shift toward eveningness. When analyzed in different age groups, the overall Chinese population was shown to be “latest” in their early twenties. In the young population, two significant points of change in chronotype were identified at the ages of 10 and 16 years. The chronotype composition remained relatively stable during early adulthood (from 17 to 28 years of age). Conclusion: This study generated the first overview of chronotype distribution in the Chinese population and will serve as essential background data for future studies.","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48357082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of pathological index detection and new rehabilitation technique of drug addicts","authors":"Banghua Yang, Xuelin Gu, Chao Gu, Ding Xu, Chengcheng Fan","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2020.9050010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2020.9050010","url":null,"abstract":"There are two major research issues with regard to detoxification; one is pathological testing of drug users and the other is rehabilitation methods and techniques. Over the years, domestic and foreign researchers have done a lot of work on pathological changes in the brain and rehabilitation techniques for drug users. This article discusses the research status of these two aspects. At present, the evaluation of brain function in drug addicts is still dominated by a single electroencephalography (EEG), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), or magnetic resonance imaging scan. The multimodal physiological data acquisition method based on EEG–NIRS technique is relatively advantageous for actual physiological data acquisition. The traditional drug rehabilitation method is based on medication and psychological counseling. In recent years, psychological correction (e.g., emotional ventilation, intelligent physical and mental decompression, virtual reality technique and drug addiction suppression system, sports training, and rehabilitation) and physical therapy (transcranial magnetic stimulation) have gradually spread. These rehabilitations focus on comprehensive treatment from the psychological and physical aspects. In recent years, new intervention ideas such as brain–computer interface technique have been continuously proposed. In this review, we have introduced multimodal brain function detection and rehabilitation intervention, which have theoretical and practical significance in drug rehabilitation research.","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26599/BSA.2020.9050010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47337740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Go Human! Circadian translational medicine has come of age","authors":"D. Ju, E. E. Zhang","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2020.9050013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2020.9050013","url":null,"abstract":"Circadian rhythms are oscillating biological processes with a rough 24‐hour period and ubiquitously exist in most organisms living on the surface of the earth. These rhythms are manifest of the cycling transcriptome which is driven by the endogenous circadian clock. Given the clock orchestrates half of protein‐ coding genes and most physiologies in humans, it is no exaggeration to say: we are what our clock ticks. Therefore, human health lies in a harmonic relationship between our body clocks and the environment. Despite a great advancement in the molecular mechanism of the circadian clock in the last few decades, investigations on the circadian clock in human health have just emerged [1].","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48952470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of fatigue on brain connectivity networks","authors":"Shangen Zhang, Jingnan Sun, Xiaorong Gao","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2020.9050008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2020.9050008","url":null,"abstract":"In the fatigue state, the neural response characteristics of the brain might be different from those in the normal state. Brain functional connectivity analysis is an effective tool for distinguishing between different brain states. For example, comparative studies on the brain functional connectivity have the potential to reveal the functional differences in different mental states. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between human mental states and brain control abilities by analyzing the effect of fatigue on the brain response connectivity. In particular, the phase‐scrambling method was used to generate images with two noise levels, while the N‐back working memory task was used to induce the fatigue state in subjects. The paradigm of rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) was used to present visual stimuli. The analysis of brain connections in the normal and fatigue states was conducted using the open‐source eConnectome toolbox. The results demonstrated that the control areas of neural responses were mainly distributed in the parietal region in both the normal and fatigue states. Compared to the normal state, the brain connectivity power in the parietal region was significantly weakened under the fatigue state, which indicates that the control ability of the brain is reduced in the fatigue state.","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47619260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basic problem in surgical treatment of spastic cerebral palsy","authors":"Xiaohong Mu, Juan Fan, Lin Xu, Shijie Wang","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2020.9050011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2020.9050011","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the most common disabling diseases of children's nervous system, and its treatment is an obvious challenge in medical area. Spastic CP is the main type of CP, accounting for about 70% of CP patients, with increased muscle tone as its main characteristic. Spasticity has always been a major problem in the treatment of CP. Surgical intervention plays an important role in its treatment and also greatly promotes the rehabilitation process. Relieving spasm is the goal of surgical treatment. Surgical intervention should follow the principle of \"multidisciplinary collaboration and integration of surgery and rehabilitation\", regardless of whether neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery or rehabilitation is used. Dr. Lin Xu, a pioneer in the development of Chinese CP surgery, introduced selective dorsal/posterior rhizotomy (SDR/SPR) to China in 1990s, and has developed the principle mentioned above. The articles in this issue focus on the basic principles of surgical intervention for CP, in hopes of achieving a general consensus on the treatment of CP among healthcare providers. We were so lucky to combine 5 articles for this special issue centered around the surgical treatments to spastic patients. The treatment schemes include SDR/ SPR, selective peripheral neurotomy (SPN), orthopedic surgeries and deep brain stimulation (DBS). Qi Sun and Lin Xu et al. described the history and development of the SDR and defined the patient selection criteria. The outcome and complications were also discussed in this paper. In addition, the authors further elaborated the advancing techniques in dealing with spasticity. Wenbin Jiang and Bo Xiao et al. explained the intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in detail, which is used to guide SDR. This amazing paper provided us with not only a better understanding of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring, but also an approach to better understand the neuronal electrophysiological circuits in spinal cord in spastic CP patients, therefore giving the potential to optimize treatment. Juan Fan and Shijie Wang et al. described another most common used surgical method, the SPN, which was introduced into China by Dr. Shijie Wang in early 2000s. This article talked about the mechanism, indications, preoperative assessments, techniques, and complications of SPN. Xiaohong Mu and Lin Xu et al. gave us an insight into the adjunct interventional surgery for spastic patients, the orthopedic surgery. The common deformities of the lower extremities in spastic CP as well as the indications, operational strategies, and efficacy assessment of different orthopedic procedures were discussed in their work. All the above may be suitable for for spastic CP, which represents the most common clinical form of CP. However, these treatments are not suitable for dystonic CP. Hongjie Jiang et al. have written about DBS used in the treatment of dystonic CP, where they discussed the targets for DBS and the mechanisms of actio","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26599/BSA.2020.9050011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47056913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep brain stimulation for the treatment of cerebral palsy: A review","authors":"Hongjie Jiang, Rui Wang, Zhe Zheng, Junming Zhu","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2020.9050002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2020.9050002","url":null,"abstract":"Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been used as a safe and effective neuromodulation technique for treatment of various diseases. A large number of patients suffering from movement disorders such as dyskinesia may benefit from DBS. Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of permanent disorders mainly involving motor impairment, and medical interventions are usually unsatisfactory or temporarily active, especially for dyskinetic CP. DBS may be another approach to the treatment of CP. In this review we discuss the targets for DBS and the mechanisms of action for the treatment of CP, and focus on presurgical assessment, efficacy for dystonia and other symptoms, safety, and risks.","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26599/BSA.2020.9050002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46811390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The progress in the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy with selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR)","authors":"Qi Sun, Wen-hui Huang, B. Deng, Jing Ren, Yi Zhao, Xiaohong Mu, Lin Xu","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2020.9050007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2020.9050007","url":null,"abstract":"Spasticity is the main disabling clinical manifestation of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) has been performed for the treatment of spastic CP in Asia for quite some time from 1990. The purpose of this review is to discuss the historical origin and development of SDR. Our goal here is to identify the current patient selection criteria for SDR and to point out indications and contraindications based on the patients with CP, age from 2 to 18 years-old, over 6000 cases, who received SDR surgery with spasticity of muscle tension more than 3 degrees in our center. We also discuss evidence-based approaches on how to evaluate postoperative patient outcomes of SDR and how complications can be avoided. Finally, we mention progress made in terms of SDR technical advances and how improvements can be made in the future. In conclusion, SDR surgery is a reliable way to improve outcomes of patients with spastic CP and can be done carefully in patients as long as stringent selection criteria are used. However, more research and technological advancements are needed to help address associated complications.","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49588976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR)","authors":"Wenbin Jiang, Q. Zhan, Junlu Wang, R. Mei, B. Xiao","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2020.9050009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2020.9050009","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) has been used to guide selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) for the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy (CP). Electromyography (EMG) interpretation methods, which are the core of IONM, have never been fully discussed and addressed, and their importance and necessity in SDR have been questioned for years. However, outcomes of CP patients who have undergone IONM-guided SDR have been favorable, and surgery-related complications are extremely minimal. In this paper, we review the history of evolving EMG interpretation methods as well as their neuroelectrophysiological basis.","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43971051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthopedic treatment of the lower limbs in spastic paralysis","authors":"Xiaohong Mu, B. Deng, Jie Zeng, Houjun Zhang, Yi Zhao, Qi Sun, Jie Xu, Le Wang, Lin Xu","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2020.9050001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2020.9050001","url":null,"abstract":"Spastic paralysis of the limb mainly results from the central lesion, in which spastic cerebral palsy is the common cause. Due to durative muscle spasm in spastic cerebral palsy, it is often accompanied by the formation of secondary musculoskeletal deformities, resulting in limb motor disability. Based on its pathogenesis, surgical treatment is currently applied: selective posterior rhizotomy (SPR) or orthopedic surgery. The primary purpose of early orthopedic surgery was simply to correct limb deformities, which usually led to the recurrence of deformity as a result of the presence of spasticity. With the application of SPR, high muscle tone was successfully relieved, but limb deformity was still present postoperatively. Therefore, this study aimed to elaborate on the management of orthopedic surgery, common deformities of the lower limb, and orthopedic operative methods; discuss the relationship between SPR and orthopedic procedure for limb deformity; and focus on the indications, timing of intervention, and postoperative outcome of different surgical methods.","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26599/BSA.2020.9050001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49253890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}