S. Raupach, T. Legero, A. Bauch, C. Grebing, C. Hagemann, T. Kessler, A. Koczwara, B. Lipphardt, H. Schnatz, U. Sterr, G. Grosche
{"title":"A small-linewidth absolute optical frequency source","authors":"S. Raupach, T. Legero, A. Bauch, C. Grebing, C. Hagemann, T. Kessler, A. Koczwara, B. Lipphardt, H. Schnatz, U. Sterr, G. Grosche","doi":"10.1109/EFTF.2012.6502423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTF.2012.6502423","url":null,"abstract":"We describe a system that combines a cavity-stabilized laser, a hydrogen maser and a cesium fountain clock. It provides an optical reference frequency that over the course of half a day drifts with less than 100 µHz/s. Furthermore it allows for a convenient measurement of an absolute frequency in the optical domain.","PeriodicalId":6409,"journal":{"name":"2012 European Frequency and Time Forum","volume":"41 1","pages":"453-455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76780086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of drive level dependencies of higher overtones in SC quartz resonators","authors":"V. Stofanik, Z. Brezović, M. Minárik","doi":"10.1109/EFTF.2012.6502372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTF.2012.6502372","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we illustrate our experimental investigations of drive level dependencies of two higher overtones (the 5th and the 7th ones), as well as of the main mode (the 3rd overtone) of several different stress compensated (SC) quartz resonators. The drive level dependencies of basic parameters in the simple Butterworth-Van Dyke one-port equivalent circuit of the particular mode were derived from the impedance vs. frequency responses measured in the vicinity of the particular modes, while temperature of the investigated resonator was maintained approximately at the lower turnover point temperature of the main mode. In the 3rd overtone 10-MHz SC quartz resonators, for example, the 5th overtone or the 7th overtone (the c-modes, i.e. the slow thickness-shear modes of vibration) can be exited simultaneously along with the main c-mode, with assistance of an appropriate dual-mode or multi-mode crystal oscillator (DMXO or MMXO); and the resonator self-temperature-sensing can be reliably implemented [1], [2], [3]. Level of amplitudes of particular modes, which are simultaneously excited in DMXO or MMXO, has impact on short-term, as well as on long-term frequency instabilities of generated signals; hence drive levels of individual c-modes have to be set-up properly in the oscillator circuit.","PeriodicalId":6409,"journal":{"name":"2012 European Frequency and Time Forum","volume":"20 1","pages":"227-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80884512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Gong, Shaojie Ni, Weihua Mou, Xiangwei Zhu, Feixue Wang
{"title":"Estimation of COMPASS on-board clock short-term stability","authors":"H. Gong, Shaojie Ni, Weihua Mou, Xiangwei Zhu, Feixue Wang","doi":"10.1109/EFTF.2012.6502407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTF.2012.6502407","url":null,"abstract":"The short-term frequency stability estimation of GNSS on-board clocks is very important for clock modeling and prediction. Orbit Determination and Time Synchronization (ODTS) method is commonly used to estimate the clock offset, which needs continuous observation by large monitoring ground network and complicate algorithms. COMPASS is on its early stage of construction and has not globally distributed station network for satellites tracking. In this paper, we have analyzed an estimation method based on a single monitoring station observation. Based on this method, a simple method for COMPASS MEO/IGSO on-board clocks estimation using smoothed broadcast ephemeris is presented, and a method for COMPASS GEO on-board clocks estimation using satellite radio ranging (SRR) is also discussed. At the end of this paper, the preliminary estimation results for COMPASS IGSO and GEO on-board clocks by these two methods are presented.","PeriodicalId":6409,"journal":{"name":"2012 European Frequency and Time Forum","volume":"345 1","pages":"383-386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78078716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"About time measurements","authors":"M. Siccardi, M. Abgrall, G. Rovera","doi":"10.1109/EFTF.2012.6502406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTF.2012.6502406","url":null,"abstract":"When speaking of time measurement often no distinction is made between time and time interval but the difference in accuracy between this two cases can be huge. In this paper we will address some of the aspect related to the accuracy in time-tagging a single or repetitive event.","PeriodicalId":6409,"journal":{"name":"2012 European Frequency and Time Forum","volume":"1 1","pages":"379-382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83084114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Calonico, C. Clivati, G. Costanzo, A. Godone, F. Levi, Marco Marchetti, A. Mura, M. Prevedelli, M. Schioppo, G. Tino, M. Zucco, N. Poli
{"title":"Optical frequency link between Torino and Firenze for remote comparison between Yb and Sr optical clocks","authors":"D. Calonico, C. Clivati, G. Costanzo, A. Godone, F. Levi, Marco Marchetti, A. Mura, M. Prevedelli, M. Schioppo, G. Tino, M. Zucco, N. Poli","doi":"10.1109/EFTF.2012.6502410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTF.2012.6502410","url":null,"abstract":"The Italian Institute of Metrology (INRIM), the European Laboratory for NonLinear Spectroscopy (LENS), the Physics and Astronomy Department of the University of Firenze (UNIFI) and the Politecnico of Torino started a project to establish a 650 km optical fiber link that will enable remote frequency comparisons between high accuracy microwave and optical clocks of INRIM and UNIFI-LENS and an absolute measurement of the UNIFI-LENS Sr clock versus INRIM Cesium fountains. We report the overall architecture of the project, the present status of the experiment and the preliminary tests performed on the equipments.","PeriodicalId":6409,"journal":{"name":"2012 European Frequency and Time Forum","volume":"37 1","pages":"396-399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79146799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Kodet, I. Procházka, J. Blažej, P. Pánek, U. Schreiber, P. Lauber
{"title":"Two way time transfer with picoseconds precision and accuracy","authors":"J. Kodet, I. Procházka, J. Blažej, P. Pánek, U. Schreiber, P. Lauber","doi":"10.1109/EFTF.2012.6502429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTF.2012.6502429","url":null,"abstract":"The first results of a two way time transfer between two timing devices over modest distances with sub-ps precision and a few ps accuracy were the major tasks of this work. The two way time transfer scheme employing a single coaxial cable was applied. Based on our previous results we have designed and constructed a timing device which allows registration of Times of Arrivals of pulses with sub-ps timing resolution, linearity, and stability. The concept of the timing devices enables to carry out time tagging of pulses of interest in parallel to the comparison of the time scales of these timing devices. The two timing devices were located in different laboratories and buildings within one institution. The common clock 5 MHz was referenced to a Cesium clock. The analysis of systematic errors contribution shows that the accuracy of the time transfer well below 10 ps may be achieved. The time transfer was accomplished over distances of the order of hundreds of meters. The main limitation for longer distances is the quality of the coaxial cable used for time transfer together with the amount of radiofrequency interference within the experiment.","PeriodicalId":6409,"journal":{"name":"2012 European Frequency and Time Forum","volume":"66 3 1","pages":"483-487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84686033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of NPL Rb fountain frequency standard","authors":"Y. Ovchinnikov","doi":"10.1109/EFTF.2012.6502342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTF.2012.6502342","url":null,"abstract":"The first characterization of the distributed cavity phase frequency shift of the NPL Rb fountain frequency standard is reported. It is shown how the symmetric part of the distributed cavity phase shift can be used to set up the vertical angle of the fountain. The estimated uncertainty of the distributed cavity phase frequency shift of 1.25×10<sup>−16</sup> reduces the total type B uncertainty of the Rb fountain down to 2.4×10<sup>−16</sup>.","PeriodicalId":6409,"journal":{"name":"2012 European Frequency and Time Forum","volume":"130 1","pages":"96-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84791210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Eight channel embedded electronic open loop interrogation for multi sensor measurement","authors":"D. Rabus, G. Martin, É. Carry, S. Ballandras","doi":"10.1109/EFTF.2012.6502420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTF.2012.6502420","url":null,"abstract":"One strategy in addressing the issue of selectivity in direct detection gas sensors - and specifically when using piezoelectric acoustic transducers - is to use multichannel measurement approaches in which each sensor is functionalized with a different chemical layer and provides different responses when exposed to a given mixture of gasses. Within this context, an 8-channel open loop embedded electronics operating as a transmission-mode radiofrequency network analyzer has been developed. The frequency ranges generated by the synthesizer is 50 to 160 MHz or 200 to 500 MHz. A low noise phase detection scheme was implemented, in addition to magnitude measurement. This instrument is used with Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) and High-overtone Bulk Acoustic Resonator (HBAR) transducers: in the former case, the open-loop approach allows for an improved measurement dynamics, while in the latter case multiple resonances can be probed sequentially, yielding different acoustic penetration depths in the sensing layer. Demonstration of measurement in liquid phase is provided by characterizing the gravimetric sensitivity of HBARs using copper electrodeposition. Values ranging from 2.2 to 13.1 cm2/g are observed, emphasizing a departure from a perturbative Sauerbrey-like relationship.","PeriodicalId":6409,"journal":{"name":"2012 European Frequency and Time Forum","volume":"79 1","pages":"436-442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81212695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phononic crystal sensors","authors":"R. Lucklum","doi":"10.1109/EFTF.2012.6502366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTF.2012.6502366","url":null,"abstract":"A phononic crystal device is investigated as a sensor platform combining band gap engineering with resonant transmission. A slit cavity perpendicular to the propagation direction of ultrasound and placed in the middle of a phononic crystal causes a peak in the transmission spectrum with the peak frequency strongly dependent on the speed of sound of the liquid filling the slit. A resonant transmission peak through a plate regularly perforated by holes arranged in square lattice can also be found in case of normal incidence of sound. In this arrangement the peak frequency is strongly dependent on speed of sound of the liquid surrounding the plate and filling the holes. These findings are the basis of two resonant liquid sensor platforms based on phononic crystals.","PeriodicalId":6409,"journal":{"name":"2012 European Frequency and Time Forum","volume":"75 1","pages":"196-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89903085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Narita, J. Amagai, M. Aida, Y. Takahashi, I. Nakazawa, M. Nakamura, H. Ujihara, S. Hama
{"title":"Development of QZSS-mobile station","authors":"H. Narita, J. Amagai, M. Aida, Y. Takahashi, I. Nakazawa, M. Nakamura, H. Ujihara, S. Hama","doi":"10.1109/EFTF.2012.6502401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFTF.2012.6502401","url":null,"abstract":"As we designed and constructed the QZSS mobile station, we transported it to Okinawa Electromagnetic Technology Center and Kashima Space Technology Center. At each place we carried out time comparison experiments. This paper describes some results of the time comparison experiments.","PeriodicalId":6409,"journal":{"name":"2012 European Frequency and Time Forum","volume":"11 1","pages":"361-364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76156954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}