航空科学与技术(英文)Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.4236/aast.2020.53005
A. Rubinraut
{"title":"Mercuryplane—A Spacecraft for Regular Delivery of Astronauts onto the Mercury","authors":"A. Rubinraut","doi":"10.4236/aast.2020.53005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aast.2020.53005","url":null,"abstract":"The project of “Mercuryplane”—a spacecraft for regular delivery of astronauts to the planet Mercury is \u0000considered. In the first stage of the flight, with the help of a carrier rocket, equipped with a chemical rocket engine, \u0000astronauts are delivered to the international space station ISS. A \u0000design consisting of an interorbital module and a takeoff-landing capsule has \u0000been developed to deliver astronauts from \u0000Earth’s orbit into Mercury’s orbit. The interorbital module is an \u0000electric rocket equipped with 8 superconductor magnetoplasma electric engines \u0000MARS type. The electric power supply for the engines is provided by a \u0000collapsible solar panel made of gallium arsenide. The design of the \u0000takeoff-landing capsule has been developed for landing and take-off from the \u0000surface of Mercury. A device has been developed to refuel in Earth’s orbit the \u0000electric rocket engines with nitrogen, and chemical rocket engines with oxygen \u0000and hydrogen, which are in liquid state The developed spacecraft is able to \u0000regularly deliver three astronauts from Earth orbit to the surface of Mercury \u0000within 35 days.","PeriodicalId":61930,"journal":{"name":"航空科学与技术(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47794669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
航空科学与技术(英文)Pub Date : 2020-06-23DOI: 10.4236/aast.2020.52003
Yuhan Liu
{"title":"Empirical Patterns of High-Energy Particle Dynamics of the Van Allen Radiation Belts","authors":"Yuhan Liu","doi":"10.4236/aast.2020.52003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aast.2020.52003","url":null,"abstract":"The Van \u0000Allen radiation belts consist of megaelectron volt particles trapped in the \u0000Earth’s magnetic field mainly with protons at low altitudes and \u0000electrons at high altitudes. These concentric, donut-shaped radiation belts are constantly changing \u0000due to a variety of physical processes caused by specific types of heliospheric \u0000structure. The radiation poses risks for astronauts and spacecraft systems. The \u0000understanding of these processes that operate across the universe can help with \u0000designs of future space missions as well as the understanding of the universe. \u0000The data gathered from the last three months of the Radiation Belt Storm Probes \u0000mission (RBSP mission) is examined for patterns and trends in the dynamics of \u0000the radiation belts and their relationships with solar activities. From the \u0000data, it is shown that the patterns of the high-energy particle dynamics in the \u0000belts follow the changes in solar activity. When the Sun’s magnetic field \u0000weakens, cosmic rays from deep space are able to carry an increased flux of \u0000energetic particles into the solar system. The outer belt exhibits a pattern of \u0000electron energization during cycles lasting an average of 27 days, \u0000corresponding to the time taken for one solar rotation. The sudden outward \u0000shift of the belts on July 19th, 2019 was most likely caused by the shutdown of \u0000one of the two Van Allen probes, as the relative position of the probe to the belts \u0000changed. Two solar wind streams that arrived from August 27th to the 28th \u0000caused the “dropout” event on August 28th, as the contact between the solar \u0000wind streams and magnetosphere pushed the magnetosphere’s boundary and enabled \u0000the particles outside the shifted boundary to escape into space. A positive \u0000polarity coronal hole high speed stream (CH HSS) contributed to the intense \u0000September electron re-energization process in the radiation belts starting on \u0000September 1st.","PeriodicalId":61930,"journal":{"name":"航空科学与技术(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46115951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
航空科学与技术(英文)Pub Date : 2020-05-16DOI: 10.4236/aast.2022.73010
D. Berdichevsky, J.M.G. G'omez, L. Vieira, A. D. Lago
{"title":"Thermodynamic Interpretation of Electron Density and Temperature Description in the Solar Corona","authors":"D. Berdichevsky, J.M.G. G'omez, L. Vieira, A. D. Lago","doi":"10.4236/aast.2022.73010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aast.2022.73010","url":null,"abstract":"We reach a thermodynamic interpretation of CODET model and its prediction to electrons density and temperature grounded on the physics of hydro magnetism in global equilibrium. The thermodynamic interpretation finds consistency with the model with a magneto-matter medium that is diamagnetic, in the context of ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). It is further noticed that the CODET predicts a polytropic anomalous index for the electron gas of the Sun's corona. It is shown that this unusual characteristic is consistent with assuming that the low quiescent solar corona is a magneto-matter state which possesses an underlying structure that was earlier described to explain the 2-D adsorption process by a surface of a solid of molecules of a gas at a given temperature and pressure by Langmuir. In our case, it is assumed that we are in the presence of a 3-D similar coalescence process, i.e. a Langmuir amorphous lattice in thermodynamic equilibrium. In this way, constitutive properties of the medium magnetic permeability, the non-dispersive acoustic speed, the expected equilibration time for the 1.1 to 1.3$R_{odot}$, and energy density are determined quantitatively for most of the quiescent corona in a near solar minimum that extends for several months from 2008 to 2009.","PeriodicalId":61930,"journal":{"name":"航空科学与技术(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45502642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
航空科学与技术(英文)Pub Date : 2019-10-28DOI: 10.4236/aast.2019.44005
C. Botelho, Ademir L. Xavier
{"title":"A Unified Satellite Taxonomy Proposal Based on Mass and Size","authors":"C. Botelho, Ademir L. Xavier","doi":"10.4236/aast.2019.44005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aast.2019.44005","url":null,"abstract":"The classification of spacecraft by mass is one of the main metrics to \u0000define the size of launch vehicles and the costs of launching satellites into \u0000orbit. The existence of many classifications (based on size categories and mass \u0000range values) makes inaccurate their common global characterization. This paper \u0000presents a review of the main satellite classifications schemes and a brief discussion \u0000about the current trends in the launcher market as an input to the satellite \u0000classification. Based on mass and size ranges and considering previous schemes \u0000and launching capabilities, a new classification arrangement is then proposed. \u0000According to the new scheme, satellites are grouped into 10 categories \u0000following specific rules depending on mass and size. In addition to unifying \u0000previous definitions of categories for small satellites, our new spacecraft \u0000taxonomy has the advantage of creating classes for very large space devices, \u0000such as space stations and potential interplanetary exploration missions.","PeriodicalId":61930,"journal":{"name":"航空科学与技术(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43134650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
航空科学与技术(英文)Pub Date : 2019-09-02DOI: 10.4236/aast.2019.43004
A. Rubinraut
{"title":"Moonplane—A Spacecraft for Regular Delivery of Astronauts onto the Moon","authors":"A. Rubinraut","doi":"10.4236/aast.2019.43004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aast.2019.43004","url":null,"abstract":"A \u0000project of spacecraft “moonplane” for regular delivery of astronauts onto the \u0000Moon is considered. At the first stage of flight by using a carrier rocket, \u0000equipped with a chemical rocket engine, the astronauts are delivered on the \u0000international space station ISS. For flights from Earth orbit into Moon orbit, \u0000the design of a moonplane “MOND”, consisting of an interorbital module and a \u0000lunar module, has been developed. The interorbital module is an electric rocket, equipped with four \u0000superconductive magnetoplasma engine MARS. To power supply of the \u0000electromotors, a solar battery of gallium arsenide is used. The \u0000design of the lunar module with cabin astronauts, which is equipped with a chemical rocket engine for landing and take-off from \u0000the surface of the Moon, is developed. A method and a device for refuelling \u0000of the electrical rocket engines with nitrogen and for refuelling of the \u0000chemical rocket engines with oxygen and hydrogen, which are stored in cryogenic \u0000tanks of the moonplane in the liquid state is developed. \u0000The developed spacecraft is capable to regularly transport four \u0000astronauts off a moorage of ISS onto the surface of the Moon and back \u0000during 6 days. The total cost delivery of one astronaut is 4 million US \u0000dollars.","PeriodicalId":61930,"journal":{"name":"航空科学与技术(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45852746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
航空科学与技术(英文)Pub Date : 2019-06-12DOI: 10.4236/AAST.2019.42002
A. Rubinraut
{"title":"Elimination of the Potentially Dangerous Asteroid “Apophis” Using Electric Rocket","authors":"A. Rubinraut","doi":"10.4236/AAST.2019.42002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AAST.2019.42002","url":null,"abstract":"A project of elimination of potentially dangerous asteroid Apophis which April 13, 2029 year approaches to Earth at a distance of 36,000 km is considered. The elimination is carried out by means of asteroid disintegration into small fragments as a result of nuclear explosion, which is produced 133 days before the moment of maximal convergence of the asteroid Apophis with Earth. In the project, a method of phased timely delivery of nuclear charge on the surface of the asteroid is proposed. In the first stage, the nuclear charge using carrier rocket “Delta” is delivered into Earth orbit. In the second stage, the charge using electric rocket is transferred from Earth orbit into the orbit of asteroid Apophis and is descended onto its surface. For implementation of the project, the design of electric rocket ER-7, which uses electric rocket engines type MARS and solar panels based on gallium arsenide is developed. Design of landing capsule, which has a chemical rocket engine and the container in which located the nuclear charge of 6 megaton is developed.","PeriodicalId":61930,"journal":{"name":"航空科学与技术(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44238422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
航空科学与技术(英文)Pub Date : 2019-06-11DOI: 10.4236/AAST.2019.42003
Yuanyuan Wang
{"title":"Predictive Control of Quad-Rotor Delivering Unknown Time-Varying Payloads Based upon Extended State Observer","authors":"Yuanyuan Wang","doi":"10.4236/AAST.2019.42003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AAST.2019.42003","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, robust control problem is addressed for quad-rotor delivering unknown time-varying payloads. Firstly, the model of a quad-rotor carrying payloads is built. Dynamics of the payloads are treated as disturbances and added into the model of the quad-rotor. Secondly, to enhance system robust-ness, the extended state observer (ESO) is applied to estimate the disturbances from the payloads for feedback compensation. Then a type of predictive controller targeting multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system is developed to degrade the influences caused by sudden changes from load-ing/dropping of the payloads. Finally, by making comparison with the con-ventional cascade proportional-integral-derivative (CPID) and the sliding mode control (SMC) approaches, superiority of the scheme developed is va-lidated. The simulation results indicate that the CPID method shows poor performance on attitude stabilization and the SMC shows input chattering phenomenon even it can achieve satisfied control performances.","PeriodicalId":61930,"journal":{"name":"航空科学与技术(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43053030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
航空科学与技术(英文)Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.4236/AAST.2019.41001
Meili Chen, Y. Wang
{"title":"A Data-Driven Adaptive Method for Attitude Control of Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles","authors":"Meili Chen, Y. Wang","doi":"10.4236/AAST.2019.41001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AAST.2019.41001","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a real-time online data-driven adaptive method is developed to deal with uncertainties such as high nonlinearity, strong coupling, parameter perturbation and external disturbances in attitude control of fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Firstly, a model-free adaptive control (MFAC) method requiring only input/output (I/O) data and no model information is adopted for control scheme design of angular velocity subsystem which contains all model information and up-mentioned uncertainties. Secondly, the internal model control (IMC) method featured with less tuning parameters and convenient tuning process is adopted for control scheme design of the certain Euler angle subsystem. Simulation results show that, the method developed is obviously superior to the cascade PID (CPID) method and the nonlinear dynamic inversion (NDI) method.","PeriodicalId":61930,"journal":{"name":"航空科学与技术(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42439114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}