Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology最新文献_第5页

Women and the Transnational Dynamics of Science Education in Early Twentieth Century China: A Quiet Revolution1 妇女与二十世纪初中国科学教育的跨国动态:一场静悄悄的革命

Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1461.2019.02062

G. Shen

{"title":"Women and the Transnational Dynamics of Science Education in Early Twentieth Century China: A Quiet Revolution1","authors":"G. Shen","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1461.2019.02062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1461.2019.02062","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores both the personal and transnational dimensions of domestic science education and study abroad for the pioneering generation of Chinese women in science. By focusing on women’s unique calculus of risk and reward, the article not only distinguishes Chinese women’s experiences from those of their male counterparts but also delineates the special contours of the Chinese case within the global advancement of women in science. The article begins by outlining some of the features and dynamics of early Chinese girls’ schools that affected students’ interest in and preparation for further scientific study. Then it traces the emerging college-level opportunities that made it possible for women who were studying science in China to contemplate advanced work overseas. Turning to study abroad, the article highlights the radicalness of the decision to study abroad by examining the impact of both family background and national circumstances on Chinese women’s strategies of mobility. The article argues that if we are to take women’s experiences seriously, we cannot just look at scientific pursuits in terms of achievements in the development of Chinese science, we also need to consider the ways that ·scientific ambitions forced individuals—both male and female—to navigate and reimagine multiple social norms and expectations.","PeriodicalId":61293,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43269331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Mechanization of Hearing in Chao Yuen Ren’s Dialect Research, 1927–1936: Senses, Objectivity, and Observation1 赵源仁方言研究中的听觉机械化(1927-1936):感觉、客观与观察

Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1461.2019.02094

C. Yeang

引用次数: 0

Breeding New Knowledge at Home: The Case of the Albanian Olive Friendship Tree in China 在国内培育新知识——以中国的阿尔巴尼亚橄榄友谊树为例

Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1461.2019.02195

S. Schmalzer

引用次数: 2

The Four Stages in the Origin of Rice Agriculture1 水稻农业起源的四个阶段

Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1461.2019.03001

Zhijun Zhao

{"title":"The Four Stages in the Origin of Rice Agriculture1","authors":"Zhijun Zhao","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1461.2019.03001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1461.2019.03001","url":null,"abstract":": In recent years, due to the widespread application of flotation, a large number of plant remains related to the origin of rice agriculture have been found in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Through the study of these new findings, it has been discovered that the origin of rice agriculture was a long and gradual process lasting for thousands of years. This process can be divided into four stages: the stage of gestation took place around 10,000 years ago — human society was still in the hunting and gathering phase, but archaeological evidence of human-used or even cultivated Oryza plants from that time has been discovered; the early stage of transition took place around 9000 – 7000 years ago — archaeological evidence of rice farming from that time has been found, such as villages, domesticated rice, farming tools, etc., but subsistence then was still mainly based on hunting and gathering, whereas rice farming and pig breeding, which fall into the agricultural production category, were only auxiliary production activities; the late stage of transition took place around 7000 – 5000 years ago, when the proportion of subsistence attained by hunting and gathering gradually declined while the proportion of rice farming increased day by day; and the stage of completion took place about 5000 years ago, when hunting and gathering was replaced by rice agriculture in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River successively.","PeriodicalId":61293,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42810501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Experimental Research on the South-Pointing Loadstone Spoon (Sinan)1 南向磁石勺(思南)试验研究

Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1461.2019.03021

Xing Huang

{"title":"Experimental Research on the South-Pointing Loadstone Spoon (Sinan)1","authors":"Xing Huang","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1461.2019.03021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1461.2019.03021","url":null,"abstract":": In the 1940s, Wang Zhenduo 王振铎 re-created the sinan 司南 (south-pointing loadstone spoon) mentioned in ancient texts. However, subsequent researchers were unsuccessful in their attempts to replicate this design, resulting in longstanding questions over its feasibility. Loadstones with high natural remanent magnetization acquired today resemble the magnetism of those recorded in premodern Chinese documents. By simulating ancient stoneware processing techniques, a loadstone was cut and polished into a spoon shape. It was found that during the course of processing the loadstone spoon, demagnetization was negligible, while after completion, the internal magnetic field was rebalanced due to the change in shape, and the magnetic moment decreased slightly then stabilized for the long term. Experiments of this sort carried out by the author have testified to the enduring and reliable directivity of the resulting loadstone spoon. Paleo-magnetic research indicates that over the past two millennia the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field intensity in northern China underwent a clear M-shaped development. The level in the Qin and Han dynasties is approximately double that of the current day. Using a simulated ancient geomagnetic field, experiments have revealed that multiple methods, such as the “water floating method ” and “ hanging method ,” could manifest a degree of geo -directivity. The comprehensive studies carried out demonstrate that the loadstone spoon is the most optimal among these diverse means for attaining magnetic directivity from the Pre-Qin period (before 221 BCE) to the Tang dynasty (618 – 907 CE) in view of the availability of loadstone, the state of the geomagnetic field, and existing knowledge and techniques.","PeriodicalId":61293,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43579909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Glance at Science-Related Museums on the Chinese Mainland1 中国大陆科学博物馆一览1

Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1461.2019.03074

Zhengshan Jiao

引用次数: 0

Epitome of Research on the History of Science and Technology in China: A Review of the Book Series History of Science and Technology in Pre-Modern China in Comparison with Needham’s Science and Civilisation in China1 中国科技史研究的缩影——《前近代中国科技史》丛书与李约瑟《中国科学文明史》比较述评

Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1461.2019.03087

Wu-Tang Dai

引用次数: 1

A Representative Work in the Academic Context of Twentieth-Century China on the History of Sino-Foreign Scientific and Technological Exchanges: A Review of Pan Jixing’s On the History of Scientific and Technological Exchange between China and Foreign Countries1 二十世纪中国学术语境下的中外科技交流史代表作——潘继兴《中外科技交流史论》述评1

Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1461.2019.03100

Wei Chen

{"title":"A Representative Work in the Academic Context of Twentieth-Century China on the History of Sino-Foreign Scientific and Technological Exchanges: A Review of Pan Jixing’s On the History of Scientific and Technological Exchange between China and Foreign Countries1","authors":"Wei Chen","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1461.2019.03100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1461.2019.03100","url":null,"abstract":"t is widely acknowledged that Science and Civilisation in China by Joseph Needham is characterized by frequent comparisons of scientific and technological knowledge between pre-modern China and other civilizations, and attempts to demonstrate the trans-civilization transmission of knowledge. In contrast, it is unfortunate that the twenty-six volume Zhongguo kexue jishu shi 中国科学技术史 (History of science and technology in pre-modern China), edited by Lu Jiaxi 卢嘉锡 and organized by the Institute for the History of Natural Sciences (IHNS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, lacks a special volume on Sino-foreign scientific and technological interactions. Nonetheless, another treatise, found alongside Zhongguo kexue jishu shi in the library at the IHNS, one that bears a different appearance and far exceeds the average length of the book series, can largely compensate for this omission. This is Zhongwai kexue jishu jiaoliushi lun 中外科学技术交流史论 (On the History of Scientific and Technological Exchange between China and Foreign Countries) written by Pan Jixing (1931–) and published in 2012.","PeriodicalId":61293,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45685276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Preliminary Study on the Spherical Bombs (Huolei) of the Southern Song Dynasty, Unearthed in Chongqing1 重庆出土的南宋球形弹(火雷)初探

Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1461.2019.03044

Dongshan Yuan, L. Hu

引用次数: 3

Feng Jiasheng’s Diagrams of Iron Bombs (Huopao) and Beyond: On the Academic Significance of the Southern Song Iron Bombs (Huopao) Unearthed in Chongqing1 冯家生《铁弹火包图》及以后——论重庆出土南宋铁弹火包的学术意义

Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1461.2019.03062

S. Zhong

引用次数: 0