Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth最新文献

{"title":"Application of Optimization Algorithms for Solving Marine Seismic Survey Planning Problems with Bottom Stations in the Arctic Shelf","authors":"S. V. Zaitsev,&nbsp;S. A. Tikhotskiy,&nbsp;A. V. Silaev,&nbsp;A. A. Anan’ev,&nbsp;D. V. Uzhegov,&nbsp;I. Yu. Kudryashov,&nbsp;B. V. Vasekin,&nbsp;S. I. Kondrashenko,&nbsp;A. N. Khlyupin,&nbsp;D. A. Kulygin,&nbsp;S. O. Bazilevich","doi":"10.1134/S1069351323060253","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1069351323060253","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An algorithm for optimizing the trajectories and movement sequence of a fleet of marine seismic survey vessels in solving the problem of marine seismic surveys using bottom stations is presented. The algorithm is based on solving the traveling salesman problem with mixed deliveries and collections of goods (TSPDC). A description of the algorithm extension to a problem that takes into account static closed zones that simulate ice and meteorological conditions unsuitable for the ship movement is given. The Dubins path algorithm provides a path close to the minimum and takes into account real characteristics of the ship movement and its speed when performing various types of work (installing bottom stations, collecting stations, maneuvering, etc.). The scientific novelty of the study lies in applying the solution of the TSPDC to problems of marine geophysics with the condition of presence of closed zones and developing an algorithm for optimizing the work of seismic vessels with the use of bottom stations, which is relevant in the conditions of the Arctic shelf during the period of limited navigation. The algorithm described in the article makes it possible to take into account the return of the vessel for collecting the equipment when working with bottom stations in the transition zone. The developed algorithm for planning marine seismic surveys formed the basis of the application software. The formalization of the problem, the results of the algorithm operation, and examples of planning on test data are presented. The possible limitations for the proposed algorithm are raised. The obtained results are applicable for further use in the implementation of tasks on optimizing the work plan for marine seismic surveys with several vessels, both when planning seismic surveys and when adjusting plans directly on the ship. The use is also justified if it is necessary to reenter the profile (for example, when reworking out a defective work area).</p>","PeriodicalId":602,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth","volume":"59 6","pages":"1079 - 1088"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138473353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active Tectonics of North-Eastern Taymyr (Byrranga Mountains) and Questions of Seismo-Tectonic Regionalization of the Russian Arctic","authors":"A. N. Ovsyuchenko,&nbsp;R. A. Zhostkov,&nbsp;D. E. Edemsky,&nbsp;A. L. Sobisevich,&nbsp;A. I. Sysolin,&nbsp;D. A. Presnov","doi":"10.1134/S1069351323060137","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1069351323060137","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we present the first results of complex geological and geophysical studies of active tectonics in the northeast of Taymyr that were carried out during the expedition of the Northern Fleet and the Russian Geographical Society in 2020. At the foot of the Byrranga Mountains, a wide zone of active fault-folded tectonic deformations was identified and studied. The general kinematics of displacements is reverse-thrust with signs of shear. The structural style of young tectonic deformations bears a direct resemblance to well-studied structural analogues of the Central Asian seismic belt. The Taymyr seismotectonic zone reveals both spatial and genetic isolation. It has an individual model of the Late Cenozoic geodynamic evolution and modern seismotectonic regime, which differs sharply from the Laptev Sea rift zone adjacent to the east. A complex of geological and geophysical methods showed the high efficiency of application in the Arctic to identify young fault-fold structures, which are potential sources of strong earthquakes.</p>","PeriodicalId":602,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth","volume":"59 6","pages":"1009 - 1024"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138473049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tectonophysical Zoning of Seismogenic Faults in Eastern Anatolia and February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes","authors":"Yu. L. Rebetsky","doi":"10.1134/S1069351323060174","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1069351323060174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><p><b>Abstract</b>—The results of the tectonophysical reconstruction of stresses in the crust of Eastern Anatolia, obtained from the analysis of data on earthquake focal mechanisms, have shown that a significant restructuring of the stress state has occurred here in the last 20 years. It was largely confined to the southern and southwestern sectors of the region, covering hundreds of kilometers along the East Anatolian Fault. The data obtained from tectonophysical monitoring not only on the orientation of principal stresses, but also on their normalized values made it possible to calculate Coulomb stresses on faults. The results of fault zoning by intensity and sign of these stresses helped identify both hazardous sections close to the limit state and safe sections with negative Coulomb stress values. It has been established that in the region of the source of the first strong Pazarcık earthquake, which had a complex structure (three segments), there were extended sections with a critically high Coulomb stress level, separated by zones with low and even negative values of these stresses. The epicenter of this earthquake was located on the echelon fault within a section (first segment) with a high Coulomb stress level. The source of the second strong Elbistan earthquake was located on a fault with negative Coulomb stresses. The conducted analysis shows that this second Turkey earthquake may have been caused by stress changes that occurred in the crust of the region after the first strong earthquake. The research results show that Coulomb stresses in systems of closely located and differently oriented faults may be prone to sudden changes during the development of the earthquake on one of hazardous sections.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":602,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth","volume":"59 6","pages":"851 - 877"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138473273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tectonic Aspects of the East Anatolian 06.02.2023 Earthquake in Turkiye*","authors":"Hasan Ҫelik,&nbsp;Ya. I. Trikhunkov,&nbsp;S. A. Sokolov,&nbsp;V. G. Trifonov,&nbsp;E. A. Zelenin,&nbsp;Yusuf Kargınoğlu,&nbsp;K. I. Yushin,&nbsp;V. S. Lomov,&nbsp;D. M. Bachmanov","doi":"10.1134/S1069351323060058","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1069351323060058","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During the East Anatolian earthquake with <i>M</i>_<i>w</i> = 7.8, which occurred on February 6, 2023 at 1:17 UTC, the 361 km long segment of the NE-trending East Anatolian active left-lateral fault zone (EAFZ) was activated. A left-lateral displacement took place at a distance of 318 km on formed seismic ruptures. Its maximum magnitude of 8.5 m is registered northward of the earthquake epicenter. To the northeast, the displacement of several meters is maintained over a significant length of the activated segment and is accompanied by uplift of the south-eastern side of the ruptured zone at up to 1.5 m. To the southwest of the maximum displacement area, the strike slip decreases from it at shorter distances compared to the northeastern part and the vertical component varies, although the southeastern side is mostly uplifted. In the terminal southwest, the strike slip is replaced by normal faults, gaping fractures, and other manifestations of transverse extension, which are accompanied by landslides and are mainly secondary seismic dislocations. Left lateral slip also occurred at the northern ends of the western and eastern branches of the Dead Sea Transform (DST), adjacent to the EAFZ from the south. Despite the fact that the energy distribution of numerous aftershocks along the EAFZ is generally proportional to the distribution of offsets on seismic ruptures, the slip on the EAFZ occurred during and immediately after the main shock. In the northern part of the DST, a significant decrease in the amount of energy released by strong earthquakes during the last centuries has been established. We consider that the tectonic stress accumulated in the northern part of the DST became the important geodynamic source of the East Anatolian 02.06.2023 earthquake.</p>","PeriodicalId":602,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth","volume":"59 6","pages":"822 - 838"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138473308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The RTL Anomaly of Seismicity before the February 6, 2023 Earthquake in Turkey","authors":"V. B. Smirnov,&nbsp;A. A. Petrushov,&nbsp;V. O. Mikhailov","doi":"10.1134/S1069351323060204","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1069351323060204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><p><b>Abstract</b>—Based on the data from the regional Turkey earthquake catalog and the ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog for Turkey and a part of Iran, a posteriori analysis of RTL anomalies of seismicity before the damaging <i>M</i>_<i>w</i> 7.8 Pazarcik earthquake in Turkey of February 6, 2023 and, for comparison, before the <i>M</i>_<i>w</i> 7.1 earthquake of October 23, 2011 (Eastern Turkey), the <i>M</i>_<i>w</i> 7.3 earthquake of November 12, 2017 (Iran), and the <i>М</i> 6.7 earthquake of January 24, 2020 (the East Anatolian Fault), was made. Distinctly observable before the Pazarcik earthquake is an RTL anomaly with well-marked stages of a seismic quiescence and subsequent activation near the epicenter of the future earthquake. Spatially, the anomaly is one-and-a-half times smaller than the source of the Pazarcik earthquake, and one-and-a-half—two times smaller than RTL anomalies before other regional earthquakes with a magnitude above 7. By size, it corresponds to the anomaly before the <i>M</i>_<i>w</i> 6.7 earthquake that occurred on the same fault. As a hypothesis to explain why the size of the anomaly before the <i>M</i>_<i>w</i> 7.8 Pazarcik earthquake does not match the sizes of the anomalies characteristic of <i>M</i>7+ earthquakes, it was assumed that the detected RTL anomaly reflects the formation only of the first, relatively small segment of the source of the Pazarcik earthquake.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":602,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth","volume":"59 6","pages":"929 - 938"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138473352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FROM THE EDITORIAL BOARD OF THE IZVESTIYA, PHYSICS OF THE SOLID EARTH JOURNAL","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/S1069351323060125","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1069351323060125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":602,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth","volume":"59 6","pages":"821 - 821"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138473240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Source Parameters of Strong Turkish Earthquakes on February 6, 2023 (Mw = 7.8 and Mw = 7.7) from Surface Wave Data","authors":"A. I. Filippova,&nbsp;A. S. Fomochkina","doi":"10.1134/S1069351323060071","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1069351323060071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Based on the amplitude spectra of surface waves, the source parameters of the strong Turkish earthquakes on February 6, 2023 (<i>M</i>_<i>w</i> = 7.8 and <i>M</i>_<i>w</i> = 7.7) were calculated in two approximations: an instantaneous point source and an elliptical shear dislocation. As a result, fault planes were identified, data were obtained on the scalar seismic moment, moment magnitude, focal mechanism, and source depth of the considered seismic events, and the integral parameters characterizing the fault geometry and its development in time were estimated. It is shown that the sources of the earthquakes under study were formed under the action of the regional stress field and their focal mechanisms were sinistral strike-slips with a strike direction close to the strike of the East Anatolian fault zone for the first event and close to the strike of the Sürgü-Çardak fault system for the second one. For the first earthquake, our estimates of the rupture duration and its length (<i>t</i> = 52.5 s, <i>L</i> = 180 km) probably refer not to the entire rupture, but only to its main phase, confined to the northeastern segments of the East Anatolian Fault and characterized by maximum displacements and values of the released seismic moment. The values of <i>t</i> = 30 s and <i>L</i> = 180 km that we obtained for the second earthquake fully characterize the entire rupture.</p>","PeriodicalId":602,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth","volume":"59 6","pages":"899 - 911"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138473266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Constructing Analytical Models of the Magnetic Field of Mercury from Satellite Data","authors":"I. E. Stepanova,&nbsp;A. G. Yagola,&nbsp;D. V. Lukyanenko,&nbsp;I. I. Kolotov","doi":"10.1134/S1069351323060216","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1069351323060216","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A new method is proposed for analytical description of the magnetic field of Mercury from the data of satellite missions based on the local and regional versions of the linear integral representation method. The inverse problem on finding the sources of the field is reduced to solving ill-conditioned systems of linear algebraic equations with an approximately given right-hand side. The charts of the isolines of the <i>z</i>-component of the magnetic induction vector in the Cartesian coordinate system rigidly connected with the planet, as well as the regional <i>S</i>-approximation of the field radial component are plotted. The results of the mathematical experiment on analytic continuation of the magnetic field towards the sources are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":602,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth","volume":"59 6","pages":"979 - 992"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138473306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstruction of Co-Seismic and Post-Seismic Processes for the February 6, 2023 Earthquake in Turkey from Data of Satellite SAR Interferometry","authors":"V. O. Mikhailov,&nbsp;I. P. Babayants,&nbsp;M. S. Volkova,&nbsp;E. P. Timoshkina,&nbsp;V. B. Smirnov,&nbsp;S. A. Tikhotskiy","doi":"10.1134/S1069351323060113","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1069351323060113","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Using different methods for processing SAR images from the Sentinel-1A satellite, the displacement fields were determined in the region of the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ) and the Sürgü-Çardak faults, as well as a small fault on the continuation of the East Hatay fault zone, which rupture initiated a series of catastrophic earthquakes in Turkey on February 6, 2023. DInSAR and offset methods were applied. The most detailed data on the displacements were obtained by the offset method using images from the descending orbit. When constructing the model from the available SAR data, the data with the maximum signal-to-noise ratio were selected. For the northern part of the region, above 37.4° N, the range displacements obtained by the offset method from a descending orbit were used. South of parallel 37.0° N, we used azimuth displacements from the same descending orbit. The model of the seismic rupture was constructed on the basis of solution of (Pollitz, 1996) of the problem of deformations at the surface of a layered spherical Earth caused by along dip and strike displacements on a rectangular fault located inside the planet. Pollitz (1996) demonstrated that ignoring the radial layering of the planet leads to errors up to 20%, with the largest errors occurring in the presence of a large strike-slip component. Ignoring sphericity also introduces an error when using the solution in the framework of the idealization of an elastic homogeneous half-space with a flat free surface (Okada, 1985) which was used when constructing USGS and (Barbot et al., 2023) models. In our model the surfaces of seismic rupture are approximated by 19 rectangular elements along the strike, divided into three levels along the dip. Another element approximated a rupture along the extension of the East Hatay Fault Zone. As in the models of other authors (USGS; Barbot et al., 2023), in our model in the southern part of the EAFZ, the displacements increase from south to north, and are mainly concentrated in the upper part of the Earth’s crust to a depth of 10 km. At the southern end of this rupture, displacements in our model with an amplitude of up to 2 m are obtained at the lower levels of the model, and at its upper level, the displacements were only 0.11 m, and in this area on February 20, 2023 an earthquake of magnitude 6.3 occurred with a hypocenter depth of 11.5 km. The main displacements on the EAFZ are determined on its central segment. Here, the displacements go to a greater depth, their value reaches 10.2 m. On the Sürgü-Çardak fault, significant displacements occurred down to a depth of 20 km; displacements exceeded 10.2 m. In our model, at the northeast end of the seismic rupture along the EAFZ, a displacement area of 6.8 m overlaps with the southwest end of the seismic rupture model of the Doğanyol-Sivrice earthquake of January 24, 2020 with &lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;w&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; 6.7, published on the USGS website. Therefore, our model does not confirm the hypothesis of t","PeriodicalId":602,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth","volume":"59 6","pages":"888 - 898"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138473310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rupture Directivity Effects of Large Seismic Sources, Case of February 6th 2023 Catastrophic Earthquakes in Turkey","authors":"O. V. Pavlenko,&nbsp;V. A. Pavlenko","doi":"10.1134/S1069351323060149","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1069351323060149","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An overview of the results obtained by foreign seismologists based on the records of Turkish seismic networks AFAD (State Agency for Disaster Management under the Ministry of Internal Affairs) is presented. The sequence of earthquakes began with the <i>M</i>7.8 main shock and includes thousands of aftershocks. The strongest events occurred in the first twelve hours, with the sources of two <i>M</i>7.0+ events located 100 km apart. Earthquakes have caused ground motions that are destructive to structures, the so-called “pulse-like waveforms,” and epicentral distances, as was previously noted, are not a good indicator of attenuation of waves from earthquakes with extended ruptures.The records of stations in the near-fault zones clearly revealed the directivity effects of seismic radiation. The <i>M</i>7.8 earthquake (main shock) was larger than expected in the current tectonic setting. The near-field records traced an early transition to the super-shear (~1.55<i>V</i>_<i>s</i>) rupture propagation on the Narli lateral fault, where the rupture originated and then passed into the East Anatolian fault. The early transition to the super-shear stage obviously contributed to the further propagation of the rupture and the initiation of slips on the East Anatolian fault. A dynamic fracture model has been constructed that matches the various results of inversions obtained by different authors and reveals spatially inhomogeneous rupture propagation velocities. Super-shear velocities exceeding the shear wave velocity <i>V</i>_<i>s</i> are observed along the Narli lateral fault and at the southwestern end of the East Anatolian fault. Since the late 1990s, seismologists have been working on incorporating the rupture directivity effects of extended sources into the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis procedures, but no consensus has been reached so far, and progress in this area can only be expected with the accumulation of a sufficient amount of observational data.</p>","PeriodicalId":602,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth","volume":"59 6","pages":"912 - 928"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138473369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}