艾滋病(英文)最新文献

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding HIV/AIDS among Students in China","authors":"S. Neha, Zhang Xiao","doi":"10.4236/WJA.2017.74021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJA.2017.74021","url":null,"abstract":"HIV/AIDS remains one of the world’s most significant public health challenges, particularly in low and middle-income region. China has witnessed a moderate effect of global HIV/AIDS endemic for which HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention program have been developed and conducted. In China the university students are among the affected target population because of the recent development of casual attitude towards sex, the rapid economic revolution and degradation of traditional value. The purpose of this paper is to describe HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and practice and identify personal risk behaviors among students in China. Selection of the articles suitable for the review was done from 2007 to 2016 on the basis of their study regarding HIV/AIDS in accordance with different students of schools, undergraduate and postgraduate study. Knowledge of the students is accordance with their education level while attitude have no relation with the knowledge and still there is unsafe sexual practice present among students. Although students have good knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS, they have still negative attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients. There are still misconceptions especially concerning mosquitos and kissing as routes of transmission of HIV. There is difficulty in separating HIV from AIDS by many students. Due to insufficient knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS among school students many of them believe that there is a medicine that can cure HIV/AIDS. Comparatively Students are more focused on knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS rather than developing and maintaining safe sexual behavior among the students. We believe that the review will help to focus further into the more effective attitude based implementation of knowledge and practice among Chinese students.","PeriodicalId":58633,"journal":{"name":"艾滋病(英文)","volume":"07 1","pages":"247-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41661376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in HIV-2 Seroprevalence at the National Reference Center of HIV from 2005 to 2014 in Lome, Togo","authors":"A. Ehlan, M. Salou, M. Kolou, K. Edje, T. Nyasenu, S. Dossim, Alassane Ouro Medeli, M. Douffan, A. Dagnra, M. David","doi":"10.4236/WJA.2017.74020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJA.2017.74020","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Togo, the HIV/AIDS epidemic is characterized by the circulation \u0000of the 2 subtypes of HIV. Thus, patients infected with HIV-2 are diagnosed \u0000and monitored in the care centers. Objective: To document the trend \u0000of HIV-2 prevalence over a decade of activities of the National Reference \u0000Center for HIV tests and screening (CNR-VIH). Methods: A cross sectional \u0000study was carried out from the screening data archived from January 2005 to \u0000December 2014 at the CNR-VIH, a laboratory located in the Sylvanus Olympio \u0000University Hospital (CHU SO) Lome. The sampling consisted of adults \u0000and children outpatients or those who were hospitalized in CHU SO, subjects \u0000presenting for voluntary testing, pregnant women and patients or samples referred \u0000for HIV confirmation. All samples were tested for HIV-1 and HIV-2 \u0000infections by combining ELISA and rapid diagnostic tests. Result: During the \u0000decade, 34,077 subjects were screened for HIV infection. The overall prevalence \u0000of HIV infection was 20.70% (7055/34077). In 10 years, the prevalence \u0000of HIV infection in CNR-VIH decreased significantly from 35.40% CI95% [34.50% - 36.20%] in 2005 to 14.20% CI95% [13.60% - 14.70%] in 2014 (p = \u00000.03). The prevalence of HIV-1, HIV-2 and dual HIV1&HIV-2 was respectively \u000020.40%, 0.23% and 0.07%, with annual prevalence of HIV-2 between \u00000.07% and 0.39%. The differences between the HIV-2 prevalence over the \u0000decade were not statistically significant (p > 0.15). A 4-year-old child from \u0000mother-to-child HIV-2 transmission was diagnosed. Sixty-five percent of \u0000adult patients were over 40 years of age with an average age of 43.5 ± 11.3 \u0000years. Conclusion: Data from the National Reference Center for HIV Tests in Togo over the last ten years confirm the existence of a weak epidemic of HIV- \u00002 infection with a tendency towards stability.","PeriodicalId":58633,"journal":{"name":"艾滋病(英文)","volume":"07 1","pages":"239-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43651749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric HIV Infection in Togo: Situation of Child Care in the Central Region from 2008 to 2015","authors":"F. Agbeko, T. Guédéhoussou, K. Azoumah, O. Takassi, M. Fiawoo, K. Segbedji, O. Tchagbele, M. Kpegouni, K. Tongon, K. Djadou, D. Atakouma, A. Agbere","doi":"10.4236/WJA.2017.74022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJA.2017.74022","url":null,"abstract":"This piece of work covers thirteen (13) AIDS assistance programs sites over \u0000the period 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2015. The study is retrospective, \u0000descriptive, and cross-sectional based on 292 clinical cases of HIV infected \u0000children aged between 0 and 14 years old. A regional committee was charged \u0000to validate antiretroviral treatment (ART) prescriptions on a weekly basis. We \u0000have also used data from the regional committee register. HIV infected children \u0000represent 5.1% of casework on ART. The average starting age for ART was \u00004.5 years (1 - 180 months) with a sex ratio (Male/Female) of 0.9. The clinical \u0000classifications according to WHO guidelines were: Stage III (52.3%) and Stage \u0000IV (20.3%). The most frequent opportunistic infections were: wasting \u0000(40.12%), digestive candida infection (29.0%), acute respiratory infections \u0000(22.8%) and skin diseases (17.9%). The HIV type 1 was detected on all of the \u0000children (100%). The average rate of CD4 at the beginning of the ART was \u0000552.98 cells/mm3, leading to a severe immuno-suppression in many cases \u0000(44.8%). The initial ART was essentially NEVIRAPINE + LAMIVUDINE + \u0000STAVUDINE. HIV infections diagnosis are usually late in the Central Region \u0000of Togo and will therefore be improved by the UNAIDS 90-90-90 strategic \u0000plan by 2020, through various initiatives. These are: the Prevention of Mother \u0000to Child HIV Transmission (PMTCT), the Early Infection Diagnosis (EID) \u0000based on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and the Provider Initiated Testing \u0000and Counseling (PITC).","PeriodicalId":58633,"journal":{"name":"艾滋病(英文)","volume":"07 1","pages":"260-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47893029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expertise and Ideology in Statistical Evaluation of Circumcision for Protection against HIV Infection","authors":"B. Morris, G. Barboza, R. Wamai, J. Krieger","doi":"10.4236/WJA.2017.73015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJA.2017.73015","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To critically evaluate data and arguments by Van Howe defending his \u0000stance opposing male circumcision (MC), in particular his meta-regression \u0000analyses evaluating the ability of MC to reduce HIV infection risk in heterosexual \u0000populations within and outside Africa. Methods: We performed metaregression \u0000analysis of log odds of HIV infection between uncircumcised and \u0000circumcised men using a single covariate (MC prevalence) in the meta-regression \u0000model involving the metareg package in STATA 13 for 103 populations \u0000worldwide and for populations within Africa. The meta-regression of log \u0000odds and MC prevalence was fitted to a line, as were empirical Bayes estimates \u0000resulting from post-estimation. Results: Our critical evaluation of Van Howe’s \u0000arguments attempting to undermine the scientific evidence in support of the \u0000benefits of MC in protection of men against HIV during heterosexual intercourse, \u0000as well as other infections and conditions, together with his use of statistics \u0000to support his beliefs, revealed serious flaws, obfuscation and missing \u0000data. We therefore performed our own meta-regression analysis using a trivariate \u0000model. Doing so revealed that for MC prevalences of 50%, 75% and 100% \u0000for general populations within Africa, odds ratios for HIV risk in uncircumcised \u0000vs. circumcised men were 1.35, 1.58 and 1.85, respectively. Our meta-regression \u0000analysis of data for all countries yielded similar findings. For a general \u0000population outside Africa with 100% MC prevalence, OR was 1.5. Van \u0000Howe failed to acknowledge that since MC prevalence in US whites (91%) and \u0000blacks (76%) exceeds 75% his results support MC having a protective effect in \u0000those population groups. Conclusions: The protective effect of MC against HIV infection during heterosexual intercourse applies to populations both within \u0000and outside Africa. The debate engineered by MC opponents, and led by Van \u0000Howe, now appears to have run its course. The scientific evidence has prevailed.","PeriodicalId":58633,"journal":{"name":"艾滋病(英文)","volume":"07 1","pages":"179-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46373017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of Tuberculosis in Latent TB Infected (LTBI) Patients Living with HIV under Antiretroviral Therapy in the Lomé Infectious Disease Department","authors":"M. I. Watéba, K. Adjoh, L. Bawe, A. Kotosso, A. Patassi, A. Balaka","doi":"10.4236/WJA.2017.73018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJA.2017.73018","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the incidence of tuberculosis in person living with HIV infected by latent TB and under antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. Method: We studied prospectively for 36 months the occurrence of bacilliform pulmonary tuberculosis in patients infected with HIV, naive of BCG and receiving antiretroviral treatment. Each patient had an intradermal reaction (IDR) of 10 IU tuberculin Merieux. The measurement of the nodule is made 72 hours later. During follow-up, patients were reviewed every six months for active tuberculosis. Results: A total of 212 out of 257 patients had an IDR greater than 5 mm, an ITL prevalence of 86.33%. Three patients were lost to follow-up during the study. The predominant female sex is 69.81%. The mean age was 42.8 ± 10.02 years. A previous history of tuberculosis was found in 14.15% of patients and 208 patients (98.11%) had HIV1. In 39.15% of patients, patients had a CD4 count lower than 350 cells/mm3 at baseline in the study. At the end of the three-year follow-up, among the 14 patients, 11 had failed ARV therapy and had developed TB, with an incidence of 2.20 cases per 100 patients. Conclusion: The incidence of active tuberculosis in LTBI was very high in HIV-positive patients with low CD4 count, hence the importance of reliable LTBI screening such as gamma interferon is better than patient follow-up.","PeriodicalId":58633,"journal":{"name":"艾滋病(英文)","volume":"07 1","pages":"223-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46602269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Vulnerability to HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections among Street Children in Selected Towns of Ethiopia, 2016","authors":"A. Chimdessa, O. Olayemi, O. Akpa","doi":"10.4236/WJA.2017.73019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJA.2017.73019","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The problem of street children is becoming a world crosscutting issue since these children exist in every part of the world and become a worldwide problem. Objective: To assess factors associated with vulnerability to STIs and HIV/AIDS among street children in selected towns of Ethiopia. Methodology: Community-based cross-sectional descriptive study design was used on the three selected towns of Ethiopia from June-September, 2016. A total of 360 street children were selected, using snow ball sampling technique. Data were collected using pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 360 (97.8%) respondents were included in this study. Among them, 167 (46.4%) of them had practiced sexual intercourse and out of these, 137 (82%) had started having sex at the age of 16 years old. Out of these, 61 (36.53%) of them started to get daily basic needs whereas 54 (32.3%) of them were forcefully raped on the street. Only 53 (59.6%) had used condom consistently and 83 (49.7%) had conducted survival sex within the last 12 months. Children on the street or chewing khat or consumption of alcohol had more vulnerability to STIs and HIV about 2.532 (1.57 - 4.08), 2.32 (1.11 - 4.80), 4.18 (2.31 - 7.55) times respectively. But those enrolled in school were about 0.40 (0.25, 0.64) less likely vulnerable than their counterparts. Conclusion: Street children are at a higher likelihood of vulnerability to STIs and HIV. Intervention targeted multilevel approach such as re-integration with their family, life skills training, sexuality education, creating income-generating activities and information education about STIs and HIV should be considered.","PeriodicalId":58633,"journal":{"name":"艾滋病(英文)","volume":"07 1","pages":"230-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46165285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Delay in Presentation of Symptomatic Cancers among HIV Infected Persons in Plateau State, Nigeria","authors":"M. Isichei, Ayedima Michea Misauno, F. Ale, C. O. Isichei, A. Abubakar, K. Sabitu, P. Nguku, Prince Anyawu","doi":"10.4236/WJA.2017.73013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJA.2017.73013","url":null,"abstract":"There is increased incidence of cancer worldwide but much of the burden of morbidity and mortality will occur in the developing world because of cancer associated infectious diseases of which HIV infection carries a large proportion. Site-based studies show that proportion of late stage cancer presentation range between 60% - 92% in the last 10 years. There is paucity of information on reasons for the late presentation. This study is aimed to find out the factors associated with delay in presentation of symptomatic cancers among HIV infected persons in Plateau State, Nigeria. A mixed method study consists of quantitative and qualitative component. Participants were sampled from HIV infected persons diagnosed with cancer and referred to the Oncology unit. Variables on Patient and health service factors associated with late presentation of cancers were collected. Quantitative data was analyzed using Epi info version 3.5.3 and Microsoft Excel while thematic analysis was done for qualitative data. There were 503 respondents and the mean age was 48.7 ± 13.5 years. Male sex OR 2.5, (P = 0.002); Farming occupation OR 1.7, (P = 0.0005) and Primary education OR 2.0, (P = 0.0005) were associated with delay. Majority of respondents 349(69%) presented more than six months after onset of symptom. Common symptoms were pain 462(45.70%), swelling 237(23.44%) and skin discoloration 210(20.77). Their Initial reaction was mainly the use of alternative remedies 234(46.5) CI 42.1 - 51.0. Up to 274(54.47%) of participants obtained diagnosis 3 months after presenting to a health facility. Laboratory related issues 199(39.56%) and long booking time 163(32.40%) were the most common reasons for delay. Delay was found to be both patient and services related. The study also suggests that cancer symptom awareness is poor among the participants. There is no tangible cancer prevention program in the HIV/AIDs treatment program. A more in-depth knowledge of cancer is required for both the sufferer and the care giver.","PeriodicalId":58633,"journal":{"name":"艾滋病(英文)","volume":"07 1","pages":"157-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47986933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryptococcal Meningitis of the HIV-Infected Person in Lomé: About 102 Cases over 10 Years","authors":"I. Wateba, A. Balaka, A. Bawe, A. Kotosso","doi":"10.4236/WJA.2017.73017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJA.2017.73017","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To describe the clinical, epidemiological and evolutionary aspects of cryptococcal meningitis. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study on all HIV-infected patients who had been hospitalized for cryptococcal meningitis between 2006 and 2016 in the principal structures for the care of HIV infected person in Lome. The diagnosis of meningitis was clinical and confirmed by the presence of cryptococci on Chinese ink or the detection of CSFsoluble antigens. All patients have made the CD4 rate assay and received an antifungal treatment based on fluconazole or Amphotericin B, followed later by antiretroviral triple therapy. Results: A total of 102 patients infected with cryptococcal meningitis (62 men for 40 women) were found. The sex ratio was 1.55. The median age was 34 years with extremes of 15 to 49 years. Clinically, headache was the symptomatic symptom in 100% of cases, prone to long runs and weight loss respectively in the proportions of 45% and 65%. The mean CD4 cell count was 65 ± 22 cells per mm3. The duration of hospital stay was short (less than 7 days) for the deceased. A total of 62 patients were able to receive treatment, 40 of them with fluconazole and 22 with Amphotericin B. The mortality was very high (65%), 25% were lost to follow-up, and 9.5% still in live 3 months after admission to the hospital. Conclusion: Cryptococcal meningitis has a very reserved prognosis. It is to be feared in cases of severe immunosuppression, hence the early detection of HIV for optimal management is important.","PeriodicalId":58633,"journal":{"name":"艾滋病(英文)","volume":"07 1","pages":"217-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43285333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clustering of Pregnancy Wastages among Young HIV-Positive Women in a High HIV Prevalence District in India","authors":"S. Isac, S. Halli, J. Blanchard, S. Moses","doi":"10.4236/WJA.2017.73016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJA.2017.73016","url":null,"abstract":"Context: This paper examined the clustering of pregnancy wastage among \u0000HIV-infected pregnant women, particularly focusing on the outcomes of abortions \u0000and stillbirths, from a large sample of HIV-positive women to bridge the \u0000existing information gap. Methods: Data from a cross-sectional survey conducted \u0000among currently married HIV positive women aged 15-29 years in \u0000Bagalkot district, Karnataka, India were used. Further to assess the clustering of \u0000pregnancy wastage, the binomial distribution was used. Results: The study \u0000shows that 2% of the women account for 32% of the total pregnancy wastages \u0000and 7% of all the interviewed HIV positive women account for 62% of the total \u0000pregnancy wastages. The study further shows that a higher percent observed \u0000(29.6%) than expected (15.5%) who had experienced 2 pregnancy wastages \u0000suggesting 14.1% more women experienced 2 pregnancy wastages than \u0000expected. Again, a positive deviant of 19.2 among women with at least 3 pregnancy \u0000wastage also suggests a higher observed than expected pregnancy wastages, \u0000and suggests clustering of pregnancy wastages among HIV-positive women. \u0000After adjusting for the socio-economic characteristics, the variance of the \u0000observed and expected has reduced only marginally. Conclusions: Clustering \u0000of pregnancy wastages among HIV positive women suggests for an increased \u0000attention on reproductive health of this marginalized group. The findings will \u0000be useful for the interventions working with WLHA in India, particularly the \u0000knowledge of clustering would help policy makers and program implementers \u0000to focus on high risk women who are likely to experience multiple pregnancy \u0000losses.","PeriodicalId":58633,"journal":{"name":"艾滋病(英文)","volume":"07 1","pages":"204-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46735957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV-Associated Polyneuropathy in Resource-Limited Settings: Genetic Predisposition and Vitamin Variations","authors":"F. Ndakala, J. Oyugi, M. Oluka","doi":"10.4236/WJA.2017.72010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJA.2017.72010","url":null,"abstract":"Human immunodeficiency virus-related polyneuropathy remains a painful condition resulting from damaged nerve endings. HIV infection strongly associates with a predominantly polyneuropathy that is attributed to HIV infection itself, or a toxic neuropathy associated with combination antiretroviral therapy (CART). In non-HIV-infected individuals, both deficiency and high intake of vitamins have been associated with polyneuropathy. For that reason, clinicians recommend vitamin supplements before and during CART. Although some, but not all, HIV-related vitamin deficiencies may replete during treatment with CART, it is predictable that high vitamin supplement intakes may contribute to nerve disorders. In resource-limited settings where the diagnosis of polyneuropathy heavily relies on symptoms, data on risk factors for polyneuropathy including vitamin status, alcohol consumption, and co-infections are limited. In addition, studies on genetic influence on the concentration of micronutrients in the blood of long-term users of CART are scarce. Possible sources of high intakes of vitamins could arise from the fact that a number of HIV-infected persons self-medicate. In addition, since HIV-infected individuals have an increased lifespan, relying on symptoms alone to specifically diagnose HIV-associated neuropathies could be a barrier to effective treatment in recourse-poor settings. This paper reviews evidence on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the potential to influence bioavailability of vitamins in HIV-infected patients. Genome-wide association studies have reported SNPs in alkaline phosphatase, fucosyltransferase 2, cubilin, transcobalamin 1, and tumor necrosis factor as potential determinants of various blood levels of vitamin B-6, B-12 and E. As long term CART increasingly become, personalized, future research should focus on SNPs, which influence vitamin blood levels, and with potential to augment long-term treatment with CART.","PeriodicalId":58633,"journal":{"name":"艾滋病(英文)","volume":"07 1","pages":"106-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49609574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}