艾滋病(英文)最新文献

{"title":"Contribution of ARV Treatment in the Correction of Anemia in People Living with HIV during the First Semester in the Hematology Department of Conakry University Hospital","authors":"D. Mamady, Kante Ansoumane Sayon, Keita Fatimata, O. Soumana, Camara Toumin, Diallo Abdoul Goudoussy, Kourouma Mamadou, Sylla Mouctar, Camara-yagouba Fatou, Awada Mohamed, Traore Fodé Amara, Magassouba Aboubacar Sidiki, S. Sidibé, A. Toure","doi":"10.4236/wja.2021.114011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wja.2021.114011","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Anemia is frequently associated with the natural course of people living with HIV (PLWHIV). The objective was to describe the evolution of anemia in PLWHIV during the first 6 months of ART and to identify the associated factors in the hematology service of the Ignace Deen national hospital of the Conakry University Hospital. Methods: This was a prospective, observa-tional descriptive and analytical study lasting one year from August 1, 2019 to July 31, 2020. It focused on PLWHIV who were newly included in ART during the period of study in the Hematology Department of Ignace Deen Hospital. Results: Of 45 PLWHIV, and CD4 count, but the link was not established at M6. Conclusion: Anemia is frequently associated with HIV infection linked to delayed treatment. Its development would be better with the establishment of good support. Specific actions should be taken to better identify the factors involved.","PeriodicalId":58633,"journal":{"name":"艾滋病(英文)","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70851736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Sample Rejection for CD4+/CD8+ T Cell Count Analyses at the Kenyatta National Hospital Comprehensive Care Center Laboratory, Kenya","authors":"Moherai Wilfred Felix, J. Nyagol, W. Mwanda","doi":"10.4236/wja.2021.114013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wja.2021.114013","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The appropriate time to initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV/AIDS patients is determined by measurement of CD4+/CD8+ T cell count. The CD4/CD8+ T cell count is also useful, together with viral load, in monitoring disease progression and effectiveness treatment regimens. Several factors may contribute to sample rejection during the CD4+/CD8+ T cells count, resulting in negative effects on patient management. Objective: Eva-luate the causes for CD4+CD8+ T cell count sample rejection at the Kenyatta National Hospital Comprehensive Care Center Laboratory. Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted between 2018 and 2020. Data was obtained from the “rejected samples” for Partec R FlowCyp flow cytometry file. Designed data collection sheet was used for data capture. A total of 3972 samples were submitted for CD4+/CD8+ T cell count during the study period. Causes for sample rejection were numbered 1 to 12, each representing a reason for sample rejection. Number 1 was sub-categorized into clotted, hemolyzed, short-draw and lipemic. Data was analyzed using excel, and presented using tables, graphs and pie charts. Approval to conduct the study was obtained from KNH/UoN ERC. Results: In the study period, 81/3972 (2.0%) samples were rejected. Samples submitted more than 48 hours after collection were mostly rejected. Other factors rate for CD4/CD8+ T cell count was relatively low, and multiple factors con-tributed to rejection. However, improved quality assurance will enable more benefit to patients who seek this test in the laboratory.","PeriodicalId":58633,"journal":{"name":"艾滋病(英文)","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70852427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 and HIV Treatment Interruption: A Case Study of the AIDS Support Organization (TASO) Mbale Clinic","authors":"Bonniface Oryokot, A. Kazibwe, Abraham Ignatius Oluka, Yunus Miya, M. Etukoit","doi":"10.4236/wja.2021.114015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wja.2021.114015","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic caught many HIV programs completely unprepared, leading to massive interruptions in HIV treatment. Fear and an-xiety caused by another infectious and potentially deadly virus kept many PLHIV away from accessing ART services. Besides, the COVID-19 control measures imposed by the Government of Uganda, such as restrictions on movement due to the ban on both private and public transport, shortened travel hours due to the curfew imposed from 7 p.m. local time and limited resources at The AIDS Support Organization (TASO) Mbale clinic further frustrated access to ART services. The actual burden of treatment interruption in Uganda remains unclear. As such, this paper provides the magnitude of treatment interruption in TASO Mbale clinic during the April-June 2020 quarter—the COVID-19 pandemic peak period in Uganda. Methodology: We analyzed secondary and routine program data for all PLHIV on scheduled appointment in the quarters of January-March 2020 and April 2020-June 2020. We abstracted data from Uganda Electronic Medical Records (EMR) and linked with that from TASO Management Information system to make one dataset. This was then exported for final analysis in STATA version 15. Results: Out of 6744 PLHIV scheduled on appointment during April-June 2020 quarter, 1710 (25.3%) individuals missed their appointments, with the facility-based clients more affected than community-based (56.1% who received six-month’s drug refills were less likely to miss their appointment (p < 0.001) compared to those who received less. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted provision of ART services, leading to increased rate of missed appointment from 7.1% in the pre-COVID-19 quarter to 25.3%.","PeriodicalId":58633,"journal":{"name":"艾滋病(英文)","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70852362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary Function by Spirometry in Children with Perinatal HIV Infection","authors":"N. Galvez, J. Juárez","doi":"10.4236/wja.2020.104019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wja.2020.104019","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In an age of antiretroviral therapy, the life expectancy of children perinatally infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has significantly increased. At the same time, however, pulmonary pathologies secondary to opportunistic infections have decreased thanks to increased diagnostics and access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Despite this, in these children an immune dysregulation is maintained due to chronic infection. There is evidence that these patients have increased probability of presenting with abnormalities in pulmonary function, mainly with chronic obstructive clinical pictures (25% - 40% of perinatally infected adolescents display some anomaly in the spirometry), which predisposes them to increased risk of chronic pulmonary disease. Since lung development occurs mainly during infancy, patients perinatally infected with HIV may suffer consequences. This can be secondary to opportunistic infections, chronic inflammation due to the virus, and immunologic effects of ART, mainly in non-industrialized countries, where late diagnosis is frequent. Methodology: An analytical, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at Roosevelt Hospital Pediatric infectious disease clinic, from January to December 2019. A sample of 76 patients was obtained, out of a population of 362 patients. A total of 62 subjects, who met the criterion of reproducibility in the spirometry, were analyzed. Results were analyzed with percentages and the association of variables using the chi-squared test (χ2). Results: A decrease in pulmonary function was found in 34% of patients, mild obstructive pattern (16%) predominating. Significant association between basal viral load greater than 100,000 cp/ml and a decrease in Forced expiratory flow 25 - 75 (FEF 25-75) (p 0.046) and in relationship between forced expiratory volume and forced vital capacity (FEV1/ FVC p = 0.024) was observed, as well as a non-statistically significant relationship between advanced clinical stage at diagnosis and decreased pulmonary function. Conclusions: The prevalence of decreased pulmonary function related to advanced clinical stage and elevated basal viral load (>100,000 cps/ml) is higher than that reported in other studies (25%) and has an influence in the long-term decrease in pulmonary function.","PeriodicalId":58633,"journal":{"name":"艾滋病(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42141799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Antiretroviral Treatments Failure among HIV-Positive Patients in Congo: A Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"G. Ndziessi, A. Aloumba, D. M. Essie, A. Niama, Fresnovie Geladore Mbele, M. Diafouka, A. Abena","doi":"10.4236/wja.2020.104018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wja.2020.104018","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Viral load is the key indicator of the effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment in HIV patients. Study aimed to determine antiretroviral treatments failure rates and associated risk factors among HIV-infected adult patients in Congo. Methods: Data from the Congolese AIDS and Epidemics Control Council were combined to create a historical cohort. Patients were followed up between 2003 to 2017. Mixed logistic regression was used to identify treatment failure associated-factors. Intercooled Stata 10 (StataCorp LP, College Station, Texas, USA) software packages was used for analysis. Results: Over 14 years of follow-up, a total of 25,500 visits for 6391 adult patients were reported. Among them, 88% i.e. 22,328 visits (for a total of 6127 patients) were visits with treatment failure. In the multivariate analysis, being aged >26 years, having primary education level, being student, others nationality, unspecifiedmarital status and being worker in informal sector were found associated with a higher risk of treatment failure. Conversely, being pensioners, receiving second line therapeutic protocols and having good adherence to treatment were found significantly associated with a lower risk of treatment failure. Conclusion: Antiretroviral treatments failure among HIV-treated patients is common in Congo. Developing treatment adherence-centered interventions with focus in patients who have low socio-economic status needed to reduced treatments failure. As treatment failure is not only determined by individual factors, psychosocial supports and availability of antiretroviral drugs needs to be taken into account.","PeriodicalId":58633,"journal":{"name":"艾滋病(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"201-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46254676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV Viral Suppression in Children in a Subnational Antiretroviral Treatment Programme in Nigeria","authors":"E. Isaac, A. Ajani, Jalo Iliya, Oyeniyi Christianah, Danlami Mohammed Hassan","doi":"10.4236/WJA.2020.103015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJA.2020.103015","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite years of Paediatric Antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria, the \u0000National implementation plan for the scale up of viral load testing was only \u0000rece ntly launched. Viral load determination \u0000is the most important indicator of ART response. Material & methods: First viral load samples were collected from 663 children living with HIV \u0000between December 2017-Decemb er 2019 aged 0 - 18 years \u0000on highly active antiretroviral therapy from 4 states within Nigeria. Samples \u0000were analyzed at a Polymerase Chain Reaction laboratory of the Federal Teaching \u0000Hospital Gombe. Results: Males were 311 (46.9%) and 352 (53.1%) female. \u0000Children aged 0 - 9 years constituted 44.9% (298); 55.1% (365) were aged 10 - 18 years. \u0000This first viral load was primarily routine in 94 .2% (625); 2.9% (19) of children respectively had suspected clinical or \u0000immunological failure. ART combination was AZT/3TC/NVP in 78.1% (518/663) of \u0000CLHIV; TDF/3TC/EFV in 21.2% (141); AZT/3TC/LPV/rtv in 4 (0.6%). Prior to initiation of routine viral load testing $0.55 \u0000(366/663) CLHI V had received HAART for 1 - 5 years; \u00007.8% (52/663) for 6 months but 10 years. The most \u0000recent CD4 count before viral load request was ≥1000/μL in \u000024.7% (164) of CLHIV; 500 - 999/μL in 42.9% (285); 350 - 499 μL \u0000in 11% (73) and 1000 c/ml in \u000059.9% (174/311) males and 47.2% (166/352) females. Viral \u0000load was significantly lower among females (P-value 0.02). Of children aged 0 - 9 years \u000050.3% (150/298) had viral load > 1000 c/ml \u0000and 10 - 18 years 52.1% (190/365) (P value 0.660). Viral load was >1000 c/ml in \u000038.5% (20/52) of children on HAART for 6 months - 1 year \u0000and 52.2% (191/366) after receiving HAART for 1 - 5 years. \u000052.3% (114/218) and 55.6% (15/27) CLHIV had viral load > 1000 c/ml \u0000after receiving HAART for 6 - 10 and >10 years respectively (P value 0.29). Conclusion: About half of \u0000children on HAART have viral load > 1000 c/ml \u0000after more than 1 - 5 years on HAART. Longer duration of ART and use of AZT/3TC/NVP are \u0000associated with viral load > 1000 c/ml. \u0000Key considerations are poor adherence and/or viral drug resistance. Optimizing \u0000ART adherence and resistance monitoring remain key strategies for ART \u0000programmes.","PeriodicalId":58633,"journal":{"name":"艾滋病(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"170-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47646431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Buruli Ulcer and HIV Coinfection: Cases in Togo","authors":"M. Teko, M. Salou, F. Gbeasor-Komlanvi, A. A. Konou, Y. Ameyapoh","doi":"10.4236/wja.2020.103014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wja.2020.103014","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Togo, as in all sub-Saharan countries, the burden of HIV infection \u0000remains high. The registration of new cases of Buruli ulcer every year also \u0000remains a major public health problem. Buruli ulcer (BU) is a disabling disease \u0000and the presentation of lesions is frequently severe. A feature of BU and HIV \u0000coinfection is the rarity of cases, which makes its study difficult, but, nevertheless, important to study \u0000its seroprevalence, biological data, risk factors and genetic diversity. The \u0000purpose of this study is to explore the comorbidity of Buruli ulcer and HIV by \u0000evaluating HIV seroprevalence in BU patients, assessing demographic data, \u0000reviewing biological data including CD4+ T cell count, hemoglobin levels, and \u0000viral loads, and evaluating clinical and therapeutic data. Methods: This \u0000is a cross-sectional study including only BU patients confirmed by Ziehl Neelsen staining and IS 2404 PCR. \u0000The patients were hospitalized in the National Reference Center for Tsevie. \u0000They were recovered patients and patients undergoing outpatient treatment in \u0000the Gati and Tchekpo Deve treatment centers, respectively, within the Sanitary \u0000Districts of Zio and Yoto of the Maritime Region during the period from August \u00002015 to March 2017. Results: The number of HIV-positive BU patients is 4 \u0000out of a total of 83 BU patients. All patients are HIV-1 positive. HIV \u0000prevalence among BU patients is 4.8% compared to 2.5% nationally and 3% at \u0000regional level. Three BU patients are seropositive out of a total of 46 female \u0000patients while one patient under 15 years is seropositive out of a total of 37 \u0000male BU patients. There are a greater proportion of female patients with BU/HIV coinfections. Half \u0000of the BU/HIV positive patients (BU/HIV+) have a CD4+ TL of fewer than 500 cells/μl and the \u0000difference is significant between those of the BU HIV- and those of the BU/HIV+ \u0000patients. Two patients have undetectable \u0000viral loads while the other two have more than 1000 copies/ml (33,000 and \u00001,100,000 copies/ml). Anemia is significantly present in BU/HIV+ patients with a p-value = 0.003. Half of BU patients have primary education, \u0000while three-quarters of BU/HIV+ patients have no education. All patients are \u0000either in stage I or stage II of the AIDS WHO classification. All patients are \u0000on first line ARV therapy and only ARV nucleoside reverse transcriptase \u0000inhibitors (NRTIs) are used. Conclusion: In Togo, the prevalence of HIV \u0000in BU patients, although higher, is not significantly different from that of \u0000national and regional. The relatively high CD4+ LT levels of relatively high BU \u0000HIV + patients, undetectable viral loads, and AIDS WHO stages I and II indicate \u0000good quality management. Author Summary: Buruli ulcer disease (BUD) is a \u0000mycobacterial skin disease that leads to extensive ulcerations and causes \u0000disabilities in approximately 25% of the patients. Co-infection with HIV is \u0000described by the authors through the prism of risk factors and the severity o","PeriodicalId":58633,"journal":{"name":"艾滋病(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"159-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47471125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidelines on Risk Factors for HIV Transmission Are Conflicting","authors":"Jiman He","doi":"10.4236/wja.2020.103017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wja.2020.103017","url":null,"abstract":"According to current guidelines, exposing mucous membrane to blood and \u0000body fluids of HIV infected people is risk of transmission. About 30% - 80% of HIV infected people have at least one oral manifestation. The most \u0000frequently occurring oral manifestations (pseudomembranous candidiasis, linear \u0000gingival erythema, etc.) give rise to bleeding either spontaneously or after \u0000stimulation, and strenuous stirring during oral sex and deep-mouth kissing \u0000increase risk of bleeding from oral manifestations, exposing oral and genital \u0000mucous membrane of partners to the blood. However, current guidelines assert \u0000that there’s little to no risk of getting HIV from oral sex and deep-mouth kissing. These guidelines are conflict \u0000with each other, suggesting potential problems with current prevention \u0000strategies which are based on the guidelines. After discussing existing data on \u0000animals, lesbians, young peoples, and occupational exposures, this paper suggests oral sex and \u0000deep-mouth kissing are risk \u0000factors when one partner has HIV-associated oral bleeding manifestations, and \u0000the number of infections associated with oral sex and deep-mouth kissing is \u0000significant. Current guidelines on HIV risk factors should be reevaluated \u0000urgently, and new studies should be undertaken with an open mind to explore \u0000risk factors.","PeriodicalId":58633,"journal":{"name":"艾滋病(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"195-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49491256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fundraising Capacity of HIV/AIDS Community-Based Organizations in 3 Years (2017-2019) in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","authors":"T. C. Thanh, P. D. Trinh, N. D. Thanh, L. Olson, M. Larsson","doi":"10.4236/wja.2020.103016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wja.2020.103016","url":null,"abstract":"HIV/AIDS is still an important public health issue in Vietnam and other \u0000developing countries. In Vietnam, \u0000Community-based organizations (CBOs) were officially considered as the \u0000key partners to approach vulnerable groups at high risks of HIV infection since \u00002010. Funds for HIV/AIDS prevention and control are facing difficulties due to \u0000rapid reduction by international organizations, while domestic funding has not \u0000yet met the demand, especially funding for \u0000prevention and communication activities. Our study aimed to assess the \u0000fundraising capacity of several CBOs in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam and analyze \u0000the challenges that they are facing now and in future in their work of HIV/AIDS \u0000management for community. The 03 typical and representative CBOs (G3VN, \u0000Smile and Strong Ladies) were chosen in our cross-sectional descriptive study. \u0000The electronic questionnaire was about fundraising reports over 3 years \u0000(2017-2019), organization structure (staff, mission, strategies) and the \u0000advantages and disadvantages in fundraising. Funds received over the year \u0000increased in total, but unstable in each projects. To have more funds, CBOs \u0000must invest time and money to have professional staff in fundraising and \u0000writing proposals. To meet requirement and survive, some CBO shifted to social \u0000enterprises and faced many difficulties in laws when being treated like profit \u0000companies. In Vietnam context, the key challenges which affect the role of \u0000funding are including: 1) Legal status; 2) Small scale; 3) Capacity of \u0000fundraising (finding calls, writing competence proposals); 4) Fewer funds \u0000on HIV/AIDS. In future, we should pay attention in scaling up and building \u0000fundraising capacity for CBOs in order to help them in applying for international funds in community projects or even in \u0000HIV/AIDS research for CBOs, social enterprises in the context of funds \u0000for nation-level phased out of Vietnam.","PeriodicalId":58633,"journal":{"name":"艾滋病(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"186-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49358253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Characteristics of Urine HIV Screening Methods against Blood-Based Methods for Surgeons Guide","authors":"M. Isichei, T. T. Selowo, D. Meshak, A. Ale, S. Peter, M. Misauno, A. Affi, O. Olaniru, C. Isichei","doi":"10.4236/wja.2020.102010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wja.2020.102010","url":null,"abstract":"Testing \u0000for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), widely distributed in sub-Saharan \u0000Africa since it is mainly invasive but, could be non-invasive and quick also, \u0000reducing waiting time especially when required for presurgical procedures. This \u0000study determined the HIV status of patients using Urine screening test method \u0000and to compare its performance to blood-based testing methods. The routine pre \u0000and post-test counselling for HIV screening were done for all \u0000provider-initiated HIV testing using blood-based screening methods. Due to the \u0000cost and unavailability of enough urine testing kits, only patients who tested \u0000positive for HIV with blood-based methods and were scheduled for surgery or a surgical procedure were \u0000enrolled in the study. Informed consent was obtained. Paired urine and blood \u0000samples were collected at the same visit into clean universal bottles and \u0000analyzed immediately. A colloidal gold enhanced rapid immuno-chromatographic \u0000assay (Alliance Biomedical) kit for the rapid qualitative detection of \u0000antibodies to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) I and II in urine were used in \u0000comparison to the standard HIV testing of ante-cubital venous blood collected \u0000in EDTA vacutainer and analyzed using Determine (T) HIV 1 and 2 in vitro qualitative immunoassay strip, \u0000UNI GOLD rapid test kit and the Chembio HIV 1/2 STAT PAK assay strip. A total \u0000of 7568 patients were tested for routine provider-initiated HIV testing, 521 \u0000tested HIV positive. There were 105 (20.15%) males and 416 (79.85%) females, \u0000age ranged from 15 years \u0000to >80 years. \u0000Most of the surgeries performed were Caesarian section 93 (37%), Hernia 55 (22%), \u0000Lumps 48 (19%), Acute \u0000appendicitis 33 (13%), Uterine \u0000fibroids 10 (4%), Ruptured \u0000ectopic pregnancy 2 (1%) \u0000and others (Intestinal obstruction, Postoperative adhesions, Ingrown toe nails, \u0000Breast abscess, Hemorrhoids, Anal fissures etc.) 10 (4%). \u0000DETERMINE RAPID HIV TEST METHOD USING BLOOD: A total of 521 HIV positive \u0000samples were tested, 502 (96.35%) tested HIV positive and 19 (3.65%) tested HIV \u0000negative. These 19 HIV negatives were re-tested with Stak Pak: 19 (100%) tested \u0000HIV positive. UNI GOLD HIV TEST METHOD USING BLOOD: A total of 521 HIV positive \u0000samples were tested, 521 (100%) tested HIV positive. URINE TESTING METHOD: A total \u0000of 251 (48.18%) of the 521 HIV positive patients were scheduled to undergo a \u0000surgical procedure. These were re-tested using the Urine testing method, 235 (93.63%) \u0000tested HIV positive while 16 (6.37%) tested negative. The blood sample of the \u000016 who tested negative using the Urine testing method was subjected to \u0000confirmatory test using Stat Pak and all 16 (100%) tested HIV positive. The \u0000specificity for Unigold and Determine blood testing was 100%. All three tests \u0000had a Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of 100% while the Negative Predictive \u0000Values (NPV) were 100% and 99.73% for Unigold and Determine respectively. The \u0000use of Urine HIV testing method compared well to the blood HIV tes","PeriodicalId":58633,"journal":{"name":"艾滋病(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44930467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}