Science Foundation in China最新文献

{"title":"Joint Funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China: Strategy, Practice, and Development","authors":"Du Quansheng, Ren Zhi-guang, Zhang Zhi-min, Xiong Xiaoqing, Han Zhiyong","doi":"10.1088/1005-0841/20/1/003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1005-0841/20/1/003","url":null,"abstract":"Joint Funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) are initiated by different stakeholders, which aim to play a better guiding role to support basic research in specific areas and directions. They have formed an important part of the national natural science funding system, which is responsible for advancing science and technology in an expanding frontier. The article would briefly summarize the joint funds strategic goals, programs implementation and achievements in the past decade, and provide a perspective on their future development.","PeriodicalId":58607,"journal":{"name":"Science Foundation in China","volume":"20 1","pages":"32-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/1005-0841/20/1/003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60511320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Advance on Metasequoia: Applications of New Technology","authors":"Q. Leng, Hong Yang, Li Wang","doi":"10.1088/1005-0841/18/2/005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1005-0841/18/2/005","url":null,"abstract":"The plant genus Metasequoia Miki, 1941 and its sole living relict species Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng, 1948 have been of special interest for both the public and scientists since 1941 when the genus was established. Due to its unique discovery history (fossils discovered earlier than the living species) and incomparable scientific value in the research of plant evolution and its relationship with environmental and climatic changes, Metasequoia becomes arguably the most comprehensively studied higher plant in both fossil and living forms. This paper summarized recent advance in Metasequoia research by reviewing the research history of Metasequoia and the scientific value of this genus, while paid special attention to the application of new methods and techniques in the research field of Metasequoia in the recent decades. The application of biogeochemical (organic geochemistry and stable isotope) analysis as well as the new and innovated methods of preparing large-sized cuticular membrane from leaves with originally thin and fragile cuticles further secure Metasequoia's super star status for the research of palaeoclimatic reconstruction.","PeriodicalId":58607,"journal":{"name":"Science Foundation in China","volume":"18 1","pages":"54-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/1005-0841/18/2/005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60511149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Survey of Repetitive Control for Nonlinear Systems","authors":"Q. Quan, K. Cai","doi":"10.1088/1005-0841/18/2/004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1005-0841/18/2/004","url":null,"abstract":"In aerospace engineering and industry, control tasks are often of a periodic nature, while repetitive control is especially suitable for tracking and rejection of periodic exogenous signals. Because of limited research effort on nonlinear systems, we give a survey of repetitive control for nonlinear systems in this paper. First, a brief introduction of repetitive control is presented. Then, after giving a brief overview of repetitive control for linear systems, this paper summarizes design methods and existing problems of repetitive control for nonlinear systems in detail. Lastly, relationships between repetitive control and other control schemes are analyzed to recognize repetitive control from different aspects more insightfully.","PeriodicalId":58607,"journal":{"name":"Science Foundation in China","volume":"18 1","pages":"45-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/1005-0841/18/2/004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60511105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advance in the Study of the Mechanisms Regulated by Sphingosine-1-Phosphate","authors":"F. Ye, X. Kong, C. Luo","doi":"10.1088/1005-0841/18/1/005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1005-0841/18/1/005","url":null,"abstract":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid messenger in the cells that regulate gene expression and NF-KB signal pathway through unknown mechanisms. Recently, Cheng Luo, associate professor of DDDC in Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, whose project was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, joined in a research team led by Professor Sarah Spiegel of Virginia Commonwealth University. The team continuously made significant breakthroughs in understanding the regulation mechanism of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate. In September 2009, in a paper published on SCIENCE magazine (Science 2009, 325: 1254-7), they firstly demonstrated that S1P is a physiologically important regulator of histone deacetylases (HDACs), HDACs are direct intracellular targets of S1P. Furthermore, they identified the mechanism that S1P regulates gene expression through regulating the activity of HDACs. In June 24th, 2010, in another paper to be published on NATURE magazine (Nature 2010, June 24th, advance online publication) which reports the regulation of NF-KB signaling pathway by S1P. They demonstrate that S1P is the missing cofactor for TRAF2 (tumour-necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2) and indicate a new paradigm for the regulation of lysine-63-linked poly-ubiquitination. The study also highlight the key role of SphK1 and its product S1P in TNF-α signalling and the canonical NF-KB activation pathway, and then play crucial role in inflammatory, antiapoptotic and immune processes. The identification of new mechanisms by which S1P regulates gene expression and TNF and NF-KB signaling pathway will light up the road to develop novel inhibitors that might be useful for treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases.","PeriodicalId":58607,"journal":{"name":"Science Foundation in China","volume":"13 1","pages":"80-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/1005-0841/18/1/005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60511091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Long-term Forest Carbon Spatiotemporal Dynamics With Historical Climate and Recent Remote Sensing Data","authors":"J. Chen","doi":"10.1088/1005-0841/18/1/004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1005-0841/18/1/004","url":null,"abstract":"Forests have long life cycles of up to several hundred years and longer. They also have very different growth rates at different stages of their life cycles. Therefore the carbon cycle in forest ecosystems has long time scales, making it necessary to consider forest age in estimating the spatio-temporal dynamics of carbon sinks in forests. The focus of this article is to review methods for combining recent remote sensing data with historical climate data for estimating the forest carbon source and sink distribution. Satellite remote sensing provides useful data for the land surface in recent decades. The information derived from remote sensing data can be used for short-term forest growth estimation and for mapping forest stand age for long-term simulations. For short-term forest growth estimation, remote sensing can provide forest structural parameters as inputs to process-based models, including big-leaf, two-leaf, and multi-layered models. These models use different strategies to upscale from leaf to canopy, and their reliability and suitability for remote sensing applications will be examined here. For long-term forest carbon cycle estimation, the spatial distribution of the forest growth rate (net primary productivity, NPP) modeled using remote sensing data in recent years is a critical input. This input can be combined with a forest age map to simulate the historical variation of NPP under the influence of climate and atmospheric changes. Another important component of the forest carbon cycle is heterotrophic respiration in the soil, which depends on the sizes of soil carbon pools as well as climate conditions. Methods for estimating the soil carbon spatial distribution and its separation into pools are described. The emphasis is placed on how to derive the soil carbon pools from NPP estimation in current years with consideration of forest carbon dynamics associated with stand age variation and climate and atmospheric changes. The role of disturbance in the forest carbon cycle and the effects of forest regrowth after disturbance are also considered in this review. An example of national forest carbon budget estimation in Canada is given at the end. It illustrates the importance of forest stand age structure in estimating the national forest carbon budgets and the effects of climate and atmospheric changes on the forest carbon cycle.","PeriodicalId":58607,"journal":{"name":"Science Foundation in China","volume":"18 1","pages":"38-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/1005-0841/18/1/004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60511015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in the Researches on Insect Mitochondrial Genome and Analysis of Gene Order","authors":"Li Hu, Jian-Guo Gao, Liu Haiyu, W. Cai","doi":"10.1088/1005-0841/17/2/004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1005-0841/17/2/004","url":null,"abstract":"Insect mitochondrial genome is a double-stranded circular genomes which range from 14,503 bp to 19,571 bp in size. Nearly all the sequenced insect mitochondrial genomes encode 37 genes: two for rRNAs, 13 for proteins and 22 for tRNAs. This review compares and summarizes the features of complete mitochondrial genomes from 175 sequenced species of insects in 22 orders. The genomic organization, contents, gene order, and rearrangements of gene order are analyzed.","PeriodicalId":58607,"journal":{"name":"Science Foundation in China","volume":"17 1","pages":"39-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/1005-0841/17/2/004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60510956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Approach to Reconstruct Paleogene Atmospheric Hydrology at High Latitudes","authors":"Q. Leng, Hong Yang","doi":"10.1088/1005-0841/17/2/005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1005-0841/17/2/005","url":null,"abstract":"Reconstruction of ancient atmospheric conditions through the analysis of precipitation patterns is a novel endeavor in the study of paleoclimate. A new approach is now available for a quantitative reconstruction of Paleogene atmospheric hydrological conditions in High Arctic. It is based on 1) the discovery of exceptionally-preserved Paleogene plant fossils from the Canadian Arctic which yielded in situ labile biomolecules; 2) the development of compound-specific hydrogen isotope analysis which can be applied to small amount of plant material; and 3) taxon-specific apparent hydrogen isotope fractionation factors obtained from empirical measurement. A new moisture recycling model is established to explain the reconstructed paleohydrologic pattern in the High Arctic during Paleogene.","PeriodicalId":58607,"journal":{"name":"Science Foundation in China","volume":"17 1","pages":"46-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/1005-0841/17/2/005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60510992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Vaccine Against Tuberculosis： Current Developments and Future Challenges","authors":"Jun Liu","doi":"10.1088/1005-0841/17/2/006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1005-0841/17/2/006","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a global health threat. BCG was developed as an attenuated live vaccine for tuberculosis control nearly a century ago. Despite being the most widely used vaccine in human history, BCG is not an ideal vaccine and has two major limitations: its poor efficacy against adult pulmonary TB and its disconcerting safety in immunocompromised individuals. A safer and more effective TB vaccine is urgently needed. This review article discusses current strategies to develop the next generation of TB vaccines to replace BCG. While some progresses have been made in the past decade, significant challenges lie ahead.","PeriodicalId":58607,"journal":{"name":"Science Foundation in China","volume":"17 1","pages":"50-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/1005-0841/17/2/006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60511004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REVIEW: Zebrafish: A Renewed Model System For Functional Genomics","authors":"X. Wen","doi":"10.1088/1005-0841/16/2/004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1005-0841/16/2/004","url":null,"abstract":"In the post genom e era . a major goal in molec­ ular biology is to det ermine the function of the many thousands of genes present in the vertebra te qe ­ name , The zebrafish t Demo rerio ) pro vide s an al­ most ide al genetic model to identify the biological roles of these novel genes. in part because their embryos are transpa rent and de velop rap id ly. The zebrafish has many adva ntages over mouse for ge­ nome-wide mutagenesis s tudies , allOWing for easi­ er. cheaper and faster functional charac teriza tion of novel genes in the vertebra te genome. Many molec­ ular research tools such as chemical mutagenesis. transgenesis, gene trapping. gene knockdown. TILLING, gene targe ting , RNAi and chemical ge­ ne tic screen are now available in zebrafish . Combi­ ning all the forward , reve rse . and chemical gene tic tools . it is expected that zebrafish will make invalu ­ ab le contribution to vertebrate func tional genom ics in functional annotation of the genes , mode ling human diseases and drug disco ver ies,","PeriodicalId":58607,"journal":{"name":"Science Foundation in China","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/1005-0841/16/2/004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60510840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porous Anodic Metal Oxides","authors":"Z. Su, Wuzong Zhou","doi":"10.1088/1005-0841/16/1/004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1005-0841/16/1/004","url":null,"abstract":"Porous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) and anodic titanium oxide (ATO) attracted an increased attention in the recent years due to their high potentials of application in nanotechnology. This article presents a brief review of some important developments of these smart materials including anodization methods, formation mechanisms of the pores, self-ordering processes and applications. Anodization of other metals are also highlighted.","PeriodicalId":58607,"journal":{"name":"Science Foundation in China","volume":"7 1","pages":"36-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/1005-0841/16/1/004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60510419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}