呼吸病期刊(英文)最新文献

{"title":"Relation of Indices of Lung Hyperinflation to Dyspnea in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Physiologic Assessment and Discussion","authors":"Matthew C. Miller, Mark Slootsky, Ravi Patel, M. Mert, A. Baydur","doi":"10.4236/OJRD.2019.93007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJRD.2019.93007","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The severity of COPD is commonly assessed by the reduction in forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), although more recently prognostic factors influencing survival have also incorporated functional capacity, degree of breathlessness on exertion, and body mass index. Increasingly, the reliability of physiological parameters such as FEV1 to predict patient-centered outcomes has been brought into question. Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between dyspnea as assessed by the Modified Medical Council Dyspnea (MMRC) scale, the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD 2014) staging and indices of lung hyperinflation and spirometry. Methods: Data were retrospectively analyzed at a 600-bed tertiary care center including spirometry, plethysmographic lung volumes, single breath carbon monoxide diffusion capacity and dyspnea graded according to MMRC, and GOLD staging. Results: Data for 331 patients were analyzed. Differences amongst FEV1, IC, IC/TLC, FRC and RV/TLC were significant between GOLD I/II and GOLD III/IV groups. The closest relationship to GOLD staging was seen with FEV1, FVC and slow vital capacity (SVC). FEV1/FVC, IC, and IC/TLC were inversely associated with MMRC score, while RV/TLC exhibited a positive relation with MMRC score. Conclusions: Indices of lung hyperinflation are closely associated, with dyspnea as assessed by MMRC grading with TLC, RV/TLC and IC exhibiting the closest relations, more so than FEV1. GOLD staging also shows strong correlations with lung volume subdivisions (weakly with TLC), more so than with FEV1. That TLC changed little between GOLD stages can be explained by the presence of collateral interalveolar channels and population characteristics different from those of other studies. These findings further support the concept that more than a reduction in FEV1, lung hyperinflation contributes to the sensation of dyspnea in airflow limitation.","PeriodicalId":58512,"journal":{"name":"呼吸病期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47462321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Factors of Multiple Hospitalizations for Acute Exacerbations of COPD","authors":"A. Saad, N. Fahem, A. Migaou, Saousen Cheikh Mhamed, S. Joobeur, N. Rouatbi","doi":"10.4236/OJRD.2019.93006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJRD.2019.93006","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Multiple hospitalizations for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To identify predictive factors of multiples hospitalizations for AECOPD. Methods: This is a retrospective single center study of consecutive patients with COPD hospitalized at the Department of Respiratory Medicine between January 1990 and December 2015. We calculated for each patient the mean number of hospitalizations for AECOPD/year (H/y). We distinguished 2 groups (G) of patients. G1: <2 H/y and G2: ≥2 H/y. Predictors of multiple admissions identified by univariate analysis were included in the multivariate analysis. Results: The study included 1167 COPD patients (mean age 67 ± 10 years, 97% males). Three hundred six (26%) COPD patients had a mean number of hospitalizations per year ≥ 2. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that an mMRC ≥ 2 (Odd ratio [OR] 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08 - 2.99, p = 0.022), a low PaO2 (PaO2 OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95 - 0.99, p = 0.007) and frequent exacerbations (OR 2.95, 95% CI 2.56 - 3.39, p < 0.001) are independent factors associated with multiple admissions for AECOPD. Conclusions: An mMRC ≥ 2, a low PaO2 and frequent exacerbations are independently associated with multiple hospitalizations for AECOPD. The identification of these high risk COPD patients will be helpful in the decision of intervention strategies.","PeriodicalId":58512,"journal":{"name":"呼吸病期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44734565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Importance of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Peripheral Blood Eosinophilia in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients with Acute Exacerbation: Recent Studies","authors":"Abdullahi Hassan Abdinur, Yadong Gao","doi":"10.4236/OJRD.2019.92004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJRD.2019.92004","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic, progressive respiratory disease and the third leading cause of respiratory disease mortality. The diagnosis of COPD is changed to acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) when respiratory symptoms become worse, beyond normal day-to-day variations and severely enough that changes in medication are required. Both neutrophils to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and peripheral blood eosinophilia (PBE) are rapid and relatively inexpensive tests that can be easily applied in the clinical practice for the diagnosis and treatment of AECOPD patients. Furthermore, current studies found that NLR and PBE had a higher accuracy rate than other traditional markers (Leukocyte count and C-reactive protein) for the diagnosis and management of AECOPD. Besides, recent studies determined that NLR and PBE can be used for prediction of future exacerbations in COPD patients. This review aims to explore the current knowledge about the significance of NLR and PBE in AECOPD patients.","PeriodicalId":58512,"journal":{"name":"呼吸病期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44270130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FVC and FEV Reference Values for Beninese Individuals Aged 17 - 20 Years","authors":"F. Messan, M. Lawani, D. Mama","doi":"10.4236/OJRD.2019.92005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJRD.2019.92005","url":null,"abstract":"Background: 1) To determine forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV) for Beninese individuals of both sexes aged 17 - 20 years; 2) Compare the observed values to those calculated based on the algorithms of the spirometer used. Materials and Methods: The FVC and FEV values were first measured using a Micro Quark spirometer and then calculated from equations for the European Respiratory Society-93 (ERS-93) in 148 subjects, including 46 girls. In each age group, the measured values for the height of the subjects were considered the only variables used to calculate the equations for FVC and FEV with their 95% confidence intervals. The means of the FEV and FVC values were obtained by univariate analysis. Results: The calculated FEV and FVC values were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those observed by spirometry. Conclusion: The correction factors incorporated in spirometers imported from Europe no longer seem appropriate to measure the physical characteristics of African subjects. The differences between the two methods of assessment should be used as new ethnic correction factors.","PeriodicalId":58512,"journal":{"name":"呼吸病期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41782958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Unusual Case of Sternoclavicular Joint Infection and Lung Abscess","authors":"C. Silvestre, J. Eusébio, D. Duarte, H. Ferreira, J. Silva, C. Cardoso, T. Falcão, A. Domingos","doi":"10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a3720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a3720","url":null,"abstract":"Septic arthritis of the sternoclavicular joint is a rare and serious infection. A delay in the diagnosis may lead to serious complications. The appropriate medical and surgical treatment is crucial to the outcome. This article aims to report our experience in the successful management of sternoclavicular joint infection complicated with a lung infection. The authors present an unusual case of sternoclavicular joint infection extending into lung parenchyma with lung abscess formation in a diabetic patient, with uncontrolled diabetes that was successfully treated. At revaluation, he was asymptomatic with no evidence of relapse. Although sternoclavicular joint infection is a rare condition we highlight the importance of clinician’s awareness for an early diagnosis and treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics and surgery.","PeriodicalId":58512,"journal":{"name":"呼吸病期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a3720","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49645203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Direct Switching Dual Bronchodilators between Dry Powder and Soft Mist Inhalers in COPD Patients","authors":"T. Akamatsu, T. Shirai, H. Nakayasu, K. Tamura, T. Masuda, S. Takahashi, Yuko Tanaka, Hirofumi Watanabe, Y. Kishimoto, Kyohei Oishi, M. Saigusa, A. Yamamoto, S. Morita, K. Asada","doi":"10.4236/ojrd.2020.101002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojrd.2020.101002","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Dual bronchodilation with long-acting muscarinic antagonist and long-acting β2-agonist combinations are available worldwide in COPD patients. However, the choice of agents remains under debate. We hypothesized that switching devices between dry powder and soft mist inhalers without a wash-out period to mimic clinical practice would improve clinical symptoms and lung function. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of switching between once-daily glycopyrronium/indacaterol (GLY/IND) or umeclidinium/vilanterol (UMEC/VI), dry powder inhalers, and tiotropium/olodaterol (TIO/OLO), a soft mist inhaler, in COPD patients. Methods: This was a prospective, open-label, 8-week, observational study with follow-up. Subjects included 57 COPD patients, who attended outpatient clinics at Shizuoka General Hospital for routine check-ups between February and December 2015, receiving GLY/IND (50/110 μg) or UMEC/VI (62.5/25 μg). After an 8-week run-in period, medications were switched to TIO/OLO (5/5 μg). Study outcomes included patient’s global rating (PGR), modified MRC (mMRC), COPD assessment test (CAT), and spirometric and forced oscillatory parameters after 8 weeks. PGR used in this study was a 7-point scale ranging from 1 to 7, with 4 in the middle. Patients who consented to switch from TIO/OLO to GLY/IND or UMEC/VI were followed-up thereafter. Results: In total, 53 patients completed the study (mean age, 75 years; 48 males and 5 females; GOLD 1/2/3/4 = 19/27/6/1; mMRC 0/1/2/3/4 = 14/22/12/4/1; UMEC/VI 26, GLY/IND 27). PGR, mMRC, and CAT improved in 20 (38%), 9 (17%), and 15 patients (28%), respectively. Respiratory system resistance at 5 Hz (R5), 20 Hz (R20), and the difference between R5 and R20 (R5 - R20) significantly improved. In a follow-up of 16 patients after switching from TIO/OLO to UMEC/VI (9) or GLY/IND (7), PGR, mMRC, and CAT improved in 5 (31%), 3 (12%), and 4 patients (25%), respectively, and R20 significantly improved (p = 0.011). Conclusions: Switching dual bronchodilators between dry powder and soft mist inhalers improves symptoms and airway narrowing in some COPD patients.","PeriodicalId":58512,"journal":{"name":"呼吸病期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47078477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to Implement Change in Asthma Management in a Developing Country","authors":"U. Onubogu","doi":"10.4236/OJRD.2019.91003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJRD.2019.91003","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of asthma management is to control symptoms, reduce the need for short acting beta agonist, and maintain optimal pulmonary function, and normal physical activities. Uncontrolled asthma can lead to obesity, suboptimal pulmonary function, poor quality of life and mortality. Children with bronchial asthma in River State University Teaching Hospital were just receiving acute care in the emergency room with no concrete plan for a follow up care for their chronic asthma; as a result most of the patients had uncontrolled asthma. In the hospital, the situation led to increased emergency hospitalization, resulting in decreased bed availability, increased burden on manpower and health resource utilization thereby putting more pressure on the limited health resources. Using the Kotter’s model for change management, transformational and situational leadership style, the change in the desired quality and scope of health service rendered to asthmatic patients was successfully implemented; as a result there was a decrease in emergency room visit for acute asthma by 57.5% and an increase in the uptake of scheduled clinic visits for asthma control services. The effect of these changes was an improvement in the control of asthma and quality of life of our patient cohort. Implementation of change in health service delivery is a delicate process that needs a stepwise approach in order to successfully implement and sustain the desired change.","PeriodicalId":58512,"journal":{"name":"呼吸病期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45164787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Characteristics of Cases: A Case-Control Study of Patients Attending ALERT General Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"E. Shimeles, F. Enquselassie, Melaku Tilahun, Alemayehu Mekonnen, Getachew Wondimagegn, T. Hailu, A. Aseffa","doi":"10.4236/OJRD.2019.91001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJRD.2019.91001","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Tuberculosis remains a major public-health problem in the world, despite several efforts to improve case identification and treatment. Particularly multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is becoming a major threat to tuberculosis control programs in Ethiopia which seriously threatens the control and prevention efforts and is associated with both high death rates and treatment costs. Methods: A case-control study was conducted to assess risk factors and characteristics of MDR-TB cases at ALERT Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, where cases were 167 MDR-TB patients, while controls were newly diagnosed and bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB cases of similar number, who were matched by sex and age of 5-years interval. Results: The socio-demographic characteristics of the participants indicated that majority (53.3%) were males and 46.7% females; a little over half of cases (55.1%) were in the age group 26 - 45 years, whereas 46.7% of controls were in this age group. According to the multivariable logistic regression analysis, previous history of hospital admission was the only factor that was identified as predictor which increased risk to develop MDR-TB by almost twenty times (AOR = 19.5; 95% CI: 9.17 - 41.62) and P-value of <0.05. All other studied factor such as being unemployed, family size, having member of household member with TB, and history of visiting hospital in past 12 months etc., didn’t show any statistically significant association. Conclusion: The study identified previous history of hospital admission as independent predictors for the occurrence of MDR-TB, while other studied variables didn’t show any strong association. The findings added to the pool of knowledge emphasizing the need for instituting strong infection control practice at health care facilities to prevent nosocomial transmission of MDR-TB.","PeriodicalId":58512,"journal":{"name":"呼吸病期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45896903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}