Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.最新文献

{"title":"Soil preparation systems and type of fertilization as affecting physical attributes of cohesive soil under eucalyptus in Northeastern Brazil","authors":"Vinicius de Jesus Nunes, E. D. S. Leite, J. Maria de Lima, R. S. Barbosa, Davi Ney Santos, F. P. M. Dias, J. C. A. Nóbrega","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.58010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.58010","url":null,"abstract":"Cohesive Oxisols are widely used for cultivating eucalyptus in the Coastal Tablelands of the northeastern region of Brazil. However, mechanization and plant cultivation in these soils are difficult because of their cohesive layers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify better combinations between tillage systems and types of fertilization to improve the physical attributes of cohesive soil, with the aim of improving eucalyptus growth. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme (soil preparation × fertilization). The tillage systems tested were: i) conventional tillage (CT) - one plowing combined with two harrowings, ii) minimum tillage (MT) - subsoiling down until 0.57 m depths in the planting line, iii) no-tillage type 1 (NT1) - planting in 0.3 m-deep pits, and iv) no-tillage type 2 (NT2) - planting in 0.6 m-deep pits. The types of fertilization tested were mineral (MF) and organic fertilization (OF). The diameter of the soil aggregates was reduced after being subjected to any combination of cohesive soils. Furthermore, OF provided the best levels of plant-available water, attenuating the adverse conditions of the cohesive layer. MT, NT1, and NT2 improved the soil physical attributes when compared to CT. Therefore, the combination of either NT1 or NT2 with OF, followed by the combination of either NT1 or NT2 with MF, was determined to be the best way to cultivate eucalyptus on cohesive soils.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86655905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The management of phosphate fertilization affects soil phosphorus and yield of autumn/winter crops","authors":"Júlia Rodrigues Macedo, S. G. Moreira, Flávio Araújo de Moraes, Daniel de Souza Reis Junior, Devison Souza Peixoto, B. M. Silva, Junior Cézar Resende Silva","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.57336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.57336","url":null,"abstract":"In soils with adequate levels of fertility, it is possible to manage phosphate fertilization aiming at the grain production system, instead of each isolated crop. The objective was to evaluate the effects of the management of phosphate fertilization, place and time, on the soil and leaf P content, and crop yield in grain production systems. An experiment was conducted at the farm level in the municipality of Nazareno, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, for four years on soil with adequate level of fertility. The treatments consisted of the management of phosphate fertilization by broadcast or furrow and dose for each crop or for the production system (spring/summer and autumn/winter crops), being: Control = without phosphate fertilization; Conventional = phosphate fertilization in the furrow in each crop; BTP = phosphate fertilization of the grain production system to broadcast; TPS = phosphate fertilization of the grain production system in the furrow of the spring/summer crop; TPW = phosphate fertilization of the grain production system in the furrow of the autumn/winter crop. Soil P content was evaluated in the third year of implantation, and the crops yield every season crop (maize, soybean, common bean and wheat). The P content in the leaves of maize and soybeans were evaluated in the spring/summer crops. The application of the total dose of phosphate fertilization for both crops in the sowing furrow of the spring/summer or autumn/winter crops (TPS and TPW) promoted operational advantages and increased soil P content in the 0-0.20 m layer, without reducing the yield of the spring/summer crops. Leaf P content was not affected. The Conventional management (phosphate fertilization in the furrow in each crop) provide greater yield of common beans and wheat during autumn/winter crops, which are more subject to water restriction due to less rainfall, even without increasing the soil P content.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"371 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77972763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphite action on the longitudinal distribution of soybean seeds in mechanical and pneumatic feeders","authors":"D. Savi, S. P. Jasper, G. G. Zimmermann, L. L. Kmiecik, Lauro Strapasson Neto, L. Sobenko, R. S. Ferraz, G. S. D. Campos","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.57920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.57920","url":null,"abstract":"The use of powdered graphite as a solid lubricant to reduce friction among soybean seeds during mechanical sowing aims to facilitate the seed flow into the seed reservoir, while reducing mechanical damage to the seed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of graphite on the longitudinal deposition of soybean seeds using mechanical and pneumatic feeders at different distribution velocities. The experiment was performed on a static simulation-test bench, with a completely randomized design with two varying factors: graphite dose (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 g kg-1 seed) and distribution velocity (5, 7, 9, and 11 km h-1 for the pneumatic feeder; and 3, 5, 7, and 9 km h-1 for the mechanical feeder). To assess the homogeneity of seed distribution, the frequency of parameters such as double, flawed, and acceptable spacings, coefficient of variation, and precision index were evaluated from five repetitions of 250 spacing each. For the pneumatic feeder, the optimal values to maximize precision of seed deposition were 4.6 g kg-1 and 6.7 km h-1 of graphite dose and distribution velocity, respectively. In turn, the optimal values to minimize undesirable spacing while maximizing accuracy with the mechanical feeder were 4.9±0.6 g kg-1 and 4.9±0.3 km h-1. Overall, regardless of feeding mechanism, the use of graphite promoted greater efficiency in the distribution of seeds owing to the higher level of fluidity inside the reservoir; however, high doses can cause the opposite effect. In addition, an excessive increase in speed influenced seed distribution negatively.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83849985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A brief review of the classic methods of experimental statistics","authors":"A.M.X. Carvalho, F. Q. Mendes, Pedro Henrique de Castro Borges, M. Kramer","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.56882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.56882","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental statistics are a key element for innovation in the agricultural sector. Commonly used statistical methods in experimentation are relatively simple, reliable, and widely used. However, the many problems in the quality of statistical analyses reported in the agricultural science literature highlight a need for continuing discussion on and updating of this topic. This article reviews critical points about classic linear models procedures commonly used in agricultural statistics, frequent procedures in publications in the agricultural sciences. Due to the evolution of statistical science some common recommendations from the past should no longer be followed.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74091447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selectivity and efficacy of PROTOX inhibitors in cassava varieties cultivated in clayey and sandy soils","authors":"N. V. Costa, M. Takahashi, Andreia Cristina Peres Rodrigues da Costa, Silvio Douglas Ferreira, Dyogo Bortot Brustolin, E. Vasconcelos","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.57135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.57135","url":null,"abstract":"The selectivity and efficacy of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) inhibitor herbicides in cassava varieties depend on product formulation, dosage, and soil texture. The aim of this study was to assess the selectivity and efficacy of flumioxazin and sulfentrazone in the cassava variety ‘IPR B36’ and the clone ‘VN 117’. Two experiments were carried out: one in a clayey soil and one in a sandy soil. Both experiments were laid in a split-plot randomized block design with three replicates. The two cassava varieties were used as main plots, with subplots consisting in 10 treatments including, flumioxazin at 50, 75, 100, and 125 g ha-1; sulfentrazone at 250, 500, 750, and 1000 g ha-1; one weed-free control, and one unweeded control. Flumioxazin (≥75 g ha-1) and sulfentrazone (≥250 g ha-1) achieved mean weed control rates > 70 and 90% in both types of soil for up to 90 days after application. Flumioxazin exhibited fewer residual effects on the cassava varieties than sulfentrazone, particularly in clayey soil. Flumioxazin was selective to the different cassava varieties planted in both soil types, whereas sulfentrazone was more selective in clayey soil. PROTOX inhibitors were effective in controlling weed growth in cassava plots, and there were no varietal differences in herbicide selectivity; however, the use of sulfentrazone should be restricted to maximum spray rates of 250 g ha-1 in sandy soils.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89909735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A quantitative assessment of factors affecting the rooting of grapevine rootstocks (Vitis vinifera L.)","authors":"D. Boeno, K. C. Zuffellato-Ribas","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.57987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.57987","url":null,"abstract":"Grapevine is a fruit species of great agronomic interest since both fresh fruit and wine are highly marketable products. Therefore, there is growing interest in this crop among researchers in the pursuit of increased yields and better cultivation conditions. Asexual propagation is the most commonly used method for propagating grapevine seedlings, with cuttings used for rootstock formation and subsequent grafting of materials to form the canopy. The rootstock is responsible for support, water, and nutrient uptake, thus determining the vigor of the plant; therefore, it is essential to understand the suitable conditions in which roots can thrive and thereby enhance plant growth. The type of cutting, type of substrate, and application of exogenous auxins are among the factors that interfere with the rooting of grapevine rootstocks, and determining and implementing the best combination of these factors could provide for more vigorous plants. Reviewing high-quality published scientific research from diverse countries is a method of identifying data, grouping information, and obtaining reliable answers. Furthermore, it can allow for the detection and grouping of the main factors affecting the rooting of grapevine cuttings, thus enabling a clearer recommendation and better understanding of the issue.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"185 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78053184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addition of amendments to restore a compacted soil under no-tillage system","authors":"Rayner Sversut Barbieri, E. Gabioud, Marcelo Germa Wilson, M. Sasal, M. Seehaus, Aitor García-Tomillo, Tatiane Carla Silva, R. Montanari","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.57540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.57540","url":null,"abstract":"The addition of organic and inorganic amendments can improve soil structure and reduce soil compaction. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate whether the application of amendments reduces penetration resistance (PR) in the short term and describe the spatial variability of PR in the surface horizon of an Aquic Argiudoll under no-tillage in northeast Argentina. Four treatments, consisting of surface applications of 7.5 Mg ha−1 poultry litter (PL), 3.0 Mg ha−1 gypsum (G), the combination of PL+G, and untreated control (T), were arranged in a complete randomized block design with three replications. Two more treatments were added to the experiment 12 months later, consisting of PL reapplications on half of the surface of the PL+G and PL treatments (PL+G+PL and PL+PL, respectively) in a split-plot design with three replications in 4×20-m plots. PR was determined in the field with an Eijkelkamp penetrologger following a 2-m long transect perpendicular to the sowing direction at 10 different spots separated 0.2 m from each other. The spatial variability was quantified for each treatment using semivariograms. The highest PR was observed in the T treatment (1.96 MPa) and the lowest PR in PL+G+PL (0.21 MPa). All treatments showed a high spatial dependence (94.9 to 99.9%). Treatments with PL reapplication (PL+PL and PL+G+PL) showed profiles with lower PR and more homogeneous kriging maps. PL reapplication on PL treatments showed no effects on PR values. However, PL reapplication on the PL+G treatment led to positive effects in all PR ranges. Thus, the PL+G+PL treatment, which had the highest PR values, showed a decrease in PR from 54.17 to 6.65% with the reapplication 12 months later. The addition of organic and inorganic amendments reduced specific compacted soil areas on the surface horizon of an Aquic Argiudoll under no-tillage.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85652677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Type I error in multiple comparison tests in analysis of variance","authors":"Josiane Rodrigues, S. Piedade, I. A. Lara, Francisco Humberto Henrique","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.57742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.57742","url":null,"abstract":"In a hypothesis test, a researcher initially fixes a type I error rate, that is, the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis given that it is true. In the case of means tests, it is important to present a type I error that is equal to the nominal pre-fixed level, such that this error remains unchanged across various scenarios, including the number of treatments, number of repetitions, and coefficient of variation. The purpose of this study is to analyse and compare the following multiple comparison tests for the control of both conditional and unconditional type I error rates, depending on a significant F-test in the analysis of variance: Tukey, Duncan, Fisher’s least significant difference, Student–Newman–Keuls (SNK), and Scheffé. As an application, we present a motivation study and develop a simulation study using the Monte Carlo method for a total of 64 scenarios. In each simulated scenario, we estimate the comparison-wise and experiment-wise error rates, conditional and unconditional on a significant result of the overall F-test of analysis of variance for each of the five multiple comparison tests evaluated. The results indicate that the application of the means tests based only on the significance of the F-test should be considered when determining the error rates, as this can change them. In addition, we find that Fisher’s test controls for the comparison-wise error rate, the Tukey and SNK tests control for the experiment-wise error rate, and the Duncan and Fisher tests control for the conditional experiment-wise error rate. Scheffé’s test does not control for any of the error rates considered.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87169066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital platform for experimental and technical support to the cultivation of cactus pear","authors":"B. V. C. Guimarães, S. Donato, I. Aspiazú, A. M. Azevedo, Fabio Lima, Samuel Victor Medeiros de Macêdo, C. F. B. Brito, Hiago Fagundes Couto","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.57407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.57407","url":null,"abstract":"Among the forage species, especially in semiarid ecosystems, cactus pear is exceptional because of its high tolerance to adverse conditions and high productivity. Due to this alone, several studies have been conducted to identify the main technologies for this crop. Despite being consolidated and integrated, the cactus pear production system has limited accessibility, technical assistance, and availability of information for those dedicated to its production. This study aimed to present a digital platform, website, and applications to provide technical information on the cactus pear and demonstrate the efficiency of these applications through experimental data. On this digital platform, applications were made available for predicting the productivity of cactus pear using artificial neural networks (ANN) on a computer with routines in the R software and by simple linear regression (SLR) on smartphones on the Android system of the MIT App Inventor 2 platform. In addition, using the smartphone app, it is possible to obtain the cladode area through multiple linear regression (MLR). It is also possible to obtain the estimates of the experimental plot sizes by the maximum modified curvature, linear and quadratic methods with plateau response, relative information, comparison of variances, and convenient plot size. The platform provides technical information associated with the cactus pear crop from different sources (dissertations, theses, articles) and formats (video classes and teaching resources), offline for applications, and online with download for publications, dissertations, theses and articles, video classes, and several didactic resources. The biomathematical models integrated with the applications were highly precise in predicting the phenomena, in which the variation explained by the models in the prediction of responses for future observations had R² values of 0.95, 0.72, and 0.92, respectively, for productivity with computer-ANN and smartphone-SLR, and for the cladode area with a smartphone - MLR.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85518446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative stress, protein metabolism, and physiological potential of soybean seeds under weathering deterioration in the pre-harvest phase","authors":"D. T. Pinheiro, D. Dias, L. J. Silva, Maycon Silva Martins, F. Finger","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.56910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.56910","url":null,"abstract":"Weathering deterioration affects seed quality, especially in areas with excessive rainfall. This study aimed to evaluate the oxidative stress, physiological quality, and protein metabolism of seeds of different soybean cultivars under weathering deterioration at the pre-harvest phase. Six soybean cultivars (BMX Apolo, DM 6563, NS 5959, NA 5909, BMX Potência, and TMG 1175) were subjected to simulated rainfall at the R8 stage. Each level was divided into two applications at 72-h intervals: 60 mm (30 + 30), 120 mm (60 + 60), and 180 mm (90 + 90). Then, the seeds were harvested and evaluated for physiological potential, antioxidative enzymes, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, proteins, and protease activity. The simulated rainfall allowed the variation in seed moisture, promoting a significant reduction in germination and seed vigor, especially at 120 and 180 mm levels. There were also reductions in antioxidative enzyme activity with weathering deterioration (mainly for catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase), accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, and reductions in protein content and protease activity. The proposed rainfall system is efficient in inducing weathering deterioration during the pre-harvest phase and its deleterious effects. Weathering deterioration in soybean seeds in the pre-harvest stage is directly influenced by genotype.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80170807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}