Alcohol research : current reviews最新文献

{"title":"Mechanisms Underlying Hazardous Alcohol Use After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Makenzie Patarino, Jenna Sanders, Abigail G Schindler","doi":"10.35946/arcr.v45.1.09","DOIUrl":"10.35946/arcr.v45.1.09","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) have a bidirectional, synergistic, and complicated relationship. Although it is difficult to definitively say that mTBI causes AUD, certain biological mechanisms that occur after trauma are also associated with hazardous alcohol use. Hazardous drinking is defined as any quantity or pattern of alcohol consumption that places people at risk for physical and/or psychological harm. This review explores how the physiological, emotional, and behavioral consequences of mTBI may lead to worse outcomes after hazardous alcohol use and increase the risk for AUD. AUD is one of the most common comorbid conditions that occurs after mTBI, and thus a clear understanding of the mechanistic changes that influence its onset may help to identify preventative and therapeutic measures for individuals who are at risk. This review provides an overview of recently published studies (from 2021 to 2024) and how these new findings fit into the existing literature.</p><p><strong>Search methods: </strong>This review was conducted by searching \"alcohol, traumatic brain injury, TBI\" in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline databases in October and December 2024. Only articles in English were reviewed. Titles, abstracts, and methods of all articles were read to determine relevance, then the full texts of articles that met inclusion criteria were obtained. The search included articles published after March 2021; relevant papers published before 2021 were identified by consulting previously published reviews on this topic. Articles were excluded if they only discussed (1) moderate/severe TBI, (2) adolescent populations or TBI during adolescence, (3) populations with a history of AUD before TBI, (4) acute outcomes after TBI (less than 2 weeks), or (5) prevalence or effects of TBI while intoxicated. Also excluded were papers that did not specify if TBI preceded or followed hazardous alcohol use or did not discuss the relationship between TBI and alcohol use.</p><p><strong>Search results: </strong>The search resulted in 196 articles for initial examination. Of those, 155 were excluded and 42 were included. Eight review papers about alcohol use after TBI published from 2009 to 2023 were also examined, which provided foundational and additional background information on publications from 1990 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>This review discusses mechanisms that contribute to negative outcomes after mTBI and hazardous alcohol use and to the development of AUD after mTBI. These include inflammation and immune signaling, neuroendocrine alterations, oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, dopamine signaling, and behavioral impairments. Although current literature on the role of the gut-microbiome axis in this context is limited, this topic is also explored.There has been significant research on the biological changes that occur after mTBI and on which mechanisms may precede","PeriodicalId":56367,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol research : current reviews","volume":"45 1","pages":"09"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12413194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145014482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol Use and Its Associations With Frailty, Fractures, and Falls Among Older Adults With HIV.","authors":"Derek D Satre, Verena E Metz, Natalia Van Doren, Michael J Silverberg, Jennifer O Lam","doi":"10.35946/arcr.v45.1.08","DOIUrl":"10.35946/arcr.v45.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose: &lt;/strong&gt;More than half of people with HIV (PWH) in the United States are now over age 50. Although alcohol consumption declines with age among PWH, as it does in the general population, alcohol misuse and alcohol use disorder (AUD) pose substantial health risks. Aging leads to increased sensitivity to alcohol due to slower metabolism, central nervous system changes, less lean body mass, greater prevalence of co-occurring medical conditions, and polypharmacy (simultaneous use of multiple medicines). These vulnerabilities heighten the adverse effects of alcohol use among older PWH compared with both younger PWH and people without HIV of all ages. This review examines associations between alcohol use and three interrelated health outcomes of growing research interest-frailty, fractures, and falls-each of which has substantial negative impacts on longevity and quality of life among PWH and may be influenced by alcohol use.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Search methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Search terms included alcohol, drinking, binge drinking, heavy drinking, AUD, alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, problematic alcohol use, mild/moderate alcohol use, high-intensity drinking, risky drinking, alcoholism, frailty, falls, fractures, HIV, PWH, PLWH, ART, and AIDS. All studies included PWH age 50 and over. In June 2024, authors identified original studies published in English between June 1, 2014, and June 1, 2024, by searching PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect and reviewing reference lists of reviews and meta-analyses identified in the search.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Search results: &lt;/strong&gt;Searches yielded a total of 512 articles; 114 duplicates were removed. Two independent reviewers screened the abstracts of the remaining 398 articles, of which 326 articles were excluded based on having inappropriate sampling, exposures, or outcome measures. Seventy-two articles underwent full-text review; of these, 14 articles met inclusion criteria and 58 articles were excluded. Reasons for exclusion were wrong outcomes (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 12), no drinking or alcohol quantification (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 15), wrong population (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 8), outside of timeframe (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 3), not in English (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 2), wrong frailty measure (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 9), and review/meta-analysis (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 9).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion and conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Results across the 14 studies indicated that, among older PWH, greater alcohol use was linked to higher risk of frailty, fractures, and falls. However, evidence was limited, with most literature based on observational studies. Important future potential research directions include longitudinal assessments of alcohol-frailty relationships among PWH age 50 and over; evaluating the role of alcohol use in the development and progression of frailty accounting for mid- and later-life comorbidity and resultant polypharmacy; and examining moderators of the alcohol-frailty relationship. Future research examining interventions to reduce risk of frailty, fractures, and fal","PeriodicalId":56367,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol research : current reviews","volume":"45 1","pages":"08"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12339042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144823281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonconceptus Mechanisms of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure That Disrupt Embryo-Fetal Development: An Integrative View.","authors":"Susan M Smith","doi":"10.35946/arcr.v45.1.07","DOIUrl":"10.35946/arcr.v45.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is a leading cause of persistent neurodevelopmental disability, with additional adverse consequences to the offspring's growth, metabolism, cardiovascular health, and immunity, among others. Alcohol disrupts offspring development through myriad mechanisms, many of which involve direct interactions between alcohol and the embryo and fetus (i.e., the conceptus). This limited narrative review instead focuses on mechanisms that are exogenous to the fetus. Many of these are relatively unexplored and are also mechanistically interrelated. Thus, they represent novel opportunities for the design of interventions that ameliorate alcohol-related pathologies.</p><p><strong>Search methods: </strong>Literature from 2020 to October 2024 was searched using the terms \"fetal alcohol spectrum disorder\"[MeSH] OR \"fetal alcohol\"[Ti/Ab] with the filter \"review.\" These reviews were inspected to extract nonfetal mechanisms of alcohol. Literature from 2000 to October 2024 was then searched in PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar for seven mechanisms, using the search terms \"fetal alcohol spectrum disorder OR fetal alcohol\" AND one of the following: \"placenta,\" \"paternal,\" \"metabolism OR insulin OR amino acid,\" \"inflammation OR neuroinflammation OR cytokine,\" \"epigenetic,\" \"iron OR iron deficiency OR anemia,\" \"microbiome.\" Only primary research articles, both clinical and preclinical, were included.</p><p><strong>Search results: </strong>The literature scan identified seven mechanisms for which targeted literature searches were conducted. These searches yielded relevant studies that explored mechanisms involving the microbiome (<i>n</i> = 5 studies), inflammation (<i>n</i> = 72 studies), epigenetics (<i>n</i> = 30 studies), paternal alcohol exposure (<i>n</i> = 34 studies), placenta (<i>n</i> = 53 studies), metabolism (<i>n</i> = 37 studies), and functional iron deficiency (<i>n</i> = 23 studies).</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>Exogenous mechanisms of alcohol's teratogenicity are intertwined. Alcohol remodels the maternal enteric microbiome, with potential consequences to fetal immune function, nutrient availability, and brain development. Microbial endotoxins may further magnify alcohol's proinflammatory actions. This inflammation might also drive a fetal anemia associated with PAE. Alcohol alters maternal and fetal metabolism and could limit fetal nutrient availability. This altered metabolism could also reprogram placental and fetal epigenetics, as could paternal exposure to alcohol. Both epigenetic effects and inflammation can impair placental function and modulate the placenta-brain axis that modulates brain development. The review discusses limitations in the current understanding of these mechanisms and highlights future research avenues that would provide clarity and inform future interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":56367,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol research : current reviews","volume":"45 1","pages":"07"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12278911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144683666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noncoding RNA and Alcohol Use Disorder: A Scoping Review of Current Research and Knowledge Gaps.","authors":"Deepa Upreti, Rosaline P Kumar, Justin B J Chen, Sneha L Sonti, Abigail V Bowring, Sheila W Green, Rajesh C Miranda","doi":"10.35946/arcr.v45.1.06","DOIUrl":"10.35946/arcr.v45.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Alcohol use and misuse can result in substantial disease burden and mortality, with significant public health and social costs. The need for better diagnoses and medications development for all conditions associated with alcohol use emphasizes the need for research into underlying molecular mechanisms. Noncoding ribonucleic acids (ncRNAs) are an explanatory mechanism for transducing environmental effects into cells and tissues. ncRNAs are regulatory RNAs that are diverse in size and function and greatly outnumber protein-coding RNAs in mammals. ncRNAs may play a major role in the pathogenesis and consequences of alcohol use and misuse, and studies in this area could pave the way to developing novel methods of diagnosis and therapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;This scoping review examines the extent, range, and nature of the research linking ncRNAs to alcohol, with a focus on identifying gaps in the existing literature.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eligibility criteria: &lt;/strong&gt;This scoping review followed the \"Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews.\" Peer-reviewed journal articles for all species, including human, animal, or cells, published until December 2023, were included.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sources of evidence: &lt;/strong&gt;Publications were retrieved using keyword searches in three online databases: Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), and Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chart methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Identified articles were imported in Covidence systematic review software for screening. Each article was evaluated by at least two independent reviewers, and only those receiving votes from both were included in the review. Key findings were then extracted from the included studies, further analyzed, and summarized in a table and figures using Microsoft Excel. Details, including year of publication, species, sex, sample type, and sample processing methods for different types of ncRNAs (i.e., microRNAs [miRNAs], long noncoding RNAs [lncRNAs], circular RNAs [circRNAs]) were also reported.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In total, 3,358 studies were identified and imported in Covidence. After removal of duplicates, 1,937 studies were processed for title and abstract screening, and 400 studies were subsequently selected for full-text screening. From these, 338 studies were included in the scoping review. In total, 3,020 initially captured studies were excluded. Among all ncRNAs, miRNAs were the most frequently investigated, followed by lncRNAs and circRNAs. Whereas many studies investigated ncRNA associations with alcohol phenotypes, mechanistic studies were more limited. Studies spanned pathologies related to alcohol use across tissues and organs, including liver, brain, heart, pancreas, placenta, gastrointestinal system, muscle, and bone. However, key variables, including biological sex, age, and genetic variation, were not adequately addressed. The analyses uncovered ","PeriodicalId":56367,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol research : current reviews","volume":"45 1","pages":"06"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12185152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the Brain: The Physical Health and Whole-Body Impact of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.","authors":"Chelsea Vanderpeet, Lisa Akison, Karen Moritz, Nicole Hayes, Natasha Reid","doi":"10.35946/arcr.v45.1.05","DOIUrl":"10.35946/arcr.v45.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) or neurodevelopmental disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can experience a wide range of whole-body health conditions. A survey by the International Adult Leadership Collaboration (ALC) FASD Changemakers found that many adults with FASD have comorbidities relating to metabolic disorders; body composition; cardio-renal, reproductive, and/or immune health; as well as difficulties with hearing/vision and sleep. This review summarizes current knowledge of these health domains and provides an overview of the latest literature on the whole-body effects of PAE/FASD across the life span.</p><p><strong>Search methods: </strong>The literature search was conducted on July 8, 2024, using CINAHL, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. To investigate the whole-body health of individuals with PAE, search terms were based on the findings of the ALC FASD Changemakers Health Survey and covered areas relating to sleep; hearing/vision; body composition; and metabolic, cardiovascular, renal, immune, and reproductive health. The search was conducted in two phases. To summarize current knowledge on these topics, the latest systematic reviews and other reviews were identified for each health domain (phase one). In addition, recent primary research articles published since these review searches were completed were identified for each domain (phase two). Inclusion/exclusion was based on article relevance to the physical health challenges reported in the ALC FASD Changemakers Health Survey.</p><p><strong>Search results: </strong>In phase one, 744 reviews were identified in the initial search, of which 722 articles were excluded and 22 recent and relevant reviews were included. In phase two, 1,102 articles were identified, with 665 screened at the title/abstract level and 169 articles undergoing full-text review. A total of 1,066 articles were excluded. Following the addition of five articles from other sources, 41 recently published primary articles were included in the current review.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>A growing body of evidence suggests that individuals with PAE/FASD may experience comorbidities relating to metabolism; body composition; cardio-renal, immune, and/or reproductive health; as well as hearing, vision, and sleep difficulties. These findings support the concept of FASD as a whole-body diagnosis, emphasizing the importance of a holistic approach that supports the overall health and well-being of those with PAE. There are opportunities for future clinical research to focus on further understanding these physical health challenges, how they evolve, and how effective intervention approaches could improve outcomes for individuals with PAE/FASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":56367,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol research : current reviews","volume":"45 1","pages":"05"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12169142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Alcohol-Related Content on Social Media and Alcohol Outcomes in Young Adults: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Mai-Ly N Steers, Megan Strowger, Angela B Tanygin, Rose Marie Ward, David A Nolfi","doi":"10.35946/arcr.v45.1.04","DOIUrl":"10.35946/arcr.v45.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcohol-related content (ARC) is pervasive across social media. Existing research suggests that posting of and exposure to such content may affect young adults' drinking and alcohol-related problems. However, a scoping review has yet to examine the literature within this field of research.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This scoping review delineates and describes the existing peer-reviewed quantitative research examining the associations between ARC posting and exposure and drinking and alcohol-related problems among young adults ages 18 to 30. Specifically, the authors sought to investigate (1) methodological trends in how exposure to and posting of ARC is assessed; (2) potential moderators of the association between exposure to and posting of ARC and drinking outcomes; (3) how exposure to and posting of ARC is associated with alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems; and (4) potential gaps in the literature.</p><p><strong>Eligibility criteria: </strong>This review includes original, empirical, quantitative studies, published in English from 2006 to 2023, that measured alcohol consumption and/or alcohol-related problems and the use of ARC on social media in 18- to 30-year-olds.</p><p><strong>Sources of evidence: </strong>The authors systematically searched the PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycInfo, and Scopus databases on May 30, 2023, and reran the searches on November 1, 2023.</p><p><strong>Charting methods: </strong>The authors designed a form to extract data and statistics related to alcohol drinking and ARC measures. Pairs of authors extracted the data for each study independently, and then a third author reviewed their work to resolve differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 3,112 papers were selected via preliminary search terms. After removing duplicates and other articles deemed ineligible based on screening articles at the title and abstract level as well as assessing full-text articles for eligibility (<i>n</i> = 3,079), the final review included 33 studies. Overall, the results of the scoping review revealed a lack of consistent definitions and standardized assessments related to ARC. Despite these factors, the authors uncovered robust positive relationships between posting ARCand drinking and alcohol-related problems. The literature also mostly found positive, significant linkages between exposure to ARC and drinking and alcohol-related problems.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This scoping review highlights the need for consistentoperationalization and empirically validated measures related to ARC. In addition, the authors propose a theoretical model that may serve as a road map for future interventions targeting young adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":56367,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol research : current reviews","volume":"45 1","pages":"04"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11960810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Alcohol on the Intestinal Immune System.","authors":"Henriette Kreimeyer, Cristina Llorente, Bernd Schnabl","doi":"10.35946/arcr.v45.1.03","DOIUrl":"10.35946/arcr.v45.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Alcohol misuse is associated with disruption of the microbial homeostasis (dysbiosis) and microbial overgrowth in the gut, gut barrier disruption, and translocation of microbes into the systemic circulation. It also induces changes in regulatory mechanisms of the gut, which is the largest peripheral immune organ. The gut-liver axis is important for health and disease, and alterations in the intestinal immune system contribute to alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Understanding these changes might help discover new targets for drugs and therapeutic approaches.</p><p><strong>Search methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Medline, and Embase of manuscripts published between January 2000 and November 2023 using the terms (\"alcohol\" or \"ethanol\") AND (\"immune\" or \"immunol\") AND (\"intestine,\" \"colon,\" or \"gut\"). Eligible manuscripts included studies and reviews that discussed the effects of ethanol on immune cells in the intestine.</p><p><strong>Search results: </strong>A total of 506 publications were found in the databases on November 20, 2023. After excluding duplicates and research not covering ALD (415 articles), 91 studies were reviewed. Also included were manuscripts covering specific immune cells in the context of ALD.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>Balancing immune tolerance vs. initiating an immune response challenges the intestinal immune system. Alcohol induces disruption of the intestinal barrier, which is accompanied by a thicker mucus layer and reduced anti-microbial peptides. This leads to longer attachment of bacteria to epithelial cells and consequently greater translocation into the circulation. Bacterial translocation activates the immune system, reducing the activity of regulatory T cells and inducing T helper 17 response via a variety of pathways. The role of innate immune cells, especially Type 3 innate lymphoid cells, and of specific B- and T-cell subsets in ALD remains elusive. Gut dysbiosis, translocation of viable bacteria and bacterial products into the circulation, and changes in the intestinal barrier have been linked to immune deficiency and infections in patients with cirrhosis. Modifying the intestinal immune system could reduce intestinal inflammation and alcohol-induced liver injury. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology can help to detect new targets for drugs and design therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":56367,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol research : current reviews","volume":"45 1","pages":"03"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Effects of Alcohol Policies Across Race/Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status.","authors":"Nina Moreno, Roland S Moore","doi":"10.35946/arcr.v45.1.02","DOIUrl":"10.35946/arcr.v45.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Sociocultural characteristics, including race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES), may affect individuals' attitudes and norms regarding alcohol use and treatment as well as their access to emerging health knowledge, innovative technologies, and general resources for improving health. As a result of these differences, as well as social determinants of health such as stigma and uneven enforcement, alcohol policies may not benefit all population subgroups equally. This review addresses research conducted within the last decade that examined differential effects of alcohol policies on alcohol consumption, alcohol harm, and alcohol treatment admissions across racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups.</p><p><strong>Search methods: </strong>The authors used the following Boolean phrase search terms to assess the association between race/ethnicity and outcomes: (\"alcohol policy\" OR \"alcohol policies\") AND (\"race\" OR \"ethnicity\" OR \"first nations\" OR \"African American\" OR \"Hispanic American\" OR \"Latino American\" OR \"Asian American\" OR \"Native American\"). Association with SES was assessed using these terms: (\"alcohol policy\" OR \"alcohol policies\") AND (\"socioeconomic\" OR \"class\") AND (\"effect\" OR \"impact\" OR \"outcome\"). Both searches were conducted on August 28, 2023, using advanced search in seven EBSCOhost research databases: (1) EBSCO Biomedical Reference Collection: Corporate; (2) EBSCOhost E-Journals; (3) EBSCO MEDLINE Complete; (4) SocINDEX with Full Text; (5) APA PsycInfo; (6) LISTA (Library Information Sciences and Technology Abstracts); and (7) GreenFILE. Inclusion criteria for both searches were: (1) publication dates between 2014 and 2023; (2) peer-reviewed research articles; (3) data disaggregated by racial/ethnic and/or SES subgroups; and (4) English language only.</p><p><strong>Search results: </strong>The racial/ethnic search produced 64 articles, of which 14 were reviewed as relevant to this study and 50 were excluded. The SES search generated 100 articles, of which 18 were reviewed as relevant to this study and 82 were excluded. Eight of the studies identified by these two searches overlapped (i.e., included both racial/ethnic and SES outcomes), resulting in a total of 24 articles included in this review.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>Relying upon data from both U.S. and international research, the identified studies focused on differential effects of financially focused alcohol control policies (e.g., taxation and minimum unit pricing policies) as well as access/availability reduction policies (e.g., those governing outlet density, on-/off-premise sales, and establishment licensing). Several studies concluded that price increases via taxes or minimum unit pricing might be particularly effective in reducing the risk of alcohol-related harms in low-income/low-SES populations. Limitations of the present review include lack of standardization in the ways that SES was measured and the diffi","PeriodicalId":56367,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol research : current reviews","volume":"45 1","pages":"02"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11737876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Links Between Alcohol Exposure and Firearm Violence: A Scoping Review Update.","authors":"Ellicott C Matthay, Ariana N Gobaud, Charles C Branas, Katherine M Keyes, Brita Roy, Magdalena Cerdá","doi":"10.35946/arcr.v45.1.01","DOIUrl":"10.35946/arcr.v45.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Firearm violence remains a leading cause of death and injury in the United States. Prior research supports that alcohol exposures, including individual-level alcohol use and alcohol control policies, are modifiable risk factors for firearm violence, yet additional research is needed to support prevention efforts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;This scoping review aims to update a prior 2016 systematic review on the links between alcohol exposure and firearm violence to examine whether current studies indicate causal links between alcohol use, alcohol interventions, and firearm violence-related outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eligibility criteria: &lt;/strong&gt;Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, a comprehensive search of published studies was conducted, replicating the search strategy of the prior review but focusing on studies published since 2015. The review included published studies of humans, conducted in general populations of any age, gender, or racial/ethnic group, that examined the relationship between an alcohol-related exposure and an outcome involving firearm violence or risks for firearm violence. Excluded were small studies restricted to special populations, forensic or other technical studies, non-original research articles such as reviews, and studies that relied solely on descriptive statistics or did not adjust for confounders.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sources of evidence: &lt;/strong&gt;The review included published studies indexed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Eligible articles were published on or after January 1, 2015. The latest search was conducted on December 15, 2023.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Charting methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Using a structured data collection instrument, data were extracted on the characteristics of each study, including the dimension of alcohol exposure, the dimension of firearm violence, study population, study design, statistical analysis, source of funding, main findings, and whether effect measure modification was assessed and, if so, along what dimensions. Two authors independently conducted title/abstract screening, full-text screening, and data extraction until achieving 95% agreement, with discrepancies resolved through discussion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The search yielded 797 studies. Of these, 754 were excluded and 43 met the final inclusion criteria. Studies addressed a range of alcohol exposures and firearm violence-related outcomes, primarily with cross-sectional study designs; 40% considered effect measure modification by any population characteristic. Findings from the 21 studies examining the relationship of individual-level alcohol use or alcohol use disorder (AUD) with firearm ownership, access, unsafe storage, or carrying indicated a strong and consistent positive association. Seven studies examined associations of individual-level alcohol use or AUD with firearm injury or death;","PeriodicalId":56367,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol research : current reviews","volume":"45 1","pages":"01"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11737877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Stigma, Racism, and Sexism Studies on Substance Use and Mental Health: A Review of Measures and Designs.","authors":"James K Cunningham, Ahlam A Saleh","doi":"10.35946/arcr.v44.1.08","DOIUrl":"10.35946/arcr.v44.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Most research on the structural determinants of substance use and mental health has centered around widely studied factors such as alcohol taxes, tobacco control policies, essential/precursor chemical regulations, neighborhood/city characteristics, and immigration policies. Other structural determinants exist, however, many of which are being identified in the emerging fields of structural stigma, structural racism, and structural sexism. This narrative review surveys the measures and designs used in substance use and mental health studies from these three fields.</p><p><strong>Search methods: </strong>The PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases were searched on May 11, 2023. A focused search approach used terminology for structural racism, stigma, or sexism combined with terminology for substance use or mental health. Peer-reviewed studies were included if they were written in English and assessed associations between objective structural measures and substance use and mental health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Search results: </strong>Of 2,536 studies identified, 2,487 were excluded. Forty-nine studies (30 related to stigma, 16 related to racism, and three related to sexism) met the inclusion criteria. Information was abstracted about the structural measures, outcome measures, research design, sample, and findings of each study.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>The structural determinant measures used in the studies reviewed were diverse. They addressed, for example, community opinions, the gender of legislators, economic vulnerability, financial loan discrimination, college policies, law enforcement, historical trauma, and legislative protections for sexual and gender minorities and for reproductive rights. Most of the structural determinant measures were constructed by combining multiple indicators into indexes or by merging indexes into composite indexes, although some studies relied on single indicators alone. The substance use and mental health outcome measures most frequently examined were related to alcohol and depression, respectively. The studies were conducted in numerous nations and drew samples from an array of groups, including, for example, patients who experienced overdoses from substance use, sexual and gender minorities, racial and ethnic minority groups, women, youth, migrants, and patients subject to involuntary psychiatric hospitalization. Most of the studies used passive-observational (correlational) research designs and, as a result, did not assess whether their structural determinant variables were causally related to substance use and mental health. Nevertheless, the studies reviewed can be used by public health proponents to foster awareness that a wide range of structural determinants correlate with the substance use and mental health of many groups within and across nations.</p>","PeriodicalId":56367,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol research : current reviews","volume":"44 1","pages":"08"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11661471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}