Genetics and Epigenetics最新文献

{"title":"Epigenetic effect of chronic stress on dopamine signaling and depression.","authors":"Sofia Moriam,&nbsp;Mahbub E Sobhani","doi":"10.4137/GEG.S11016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/GEG.S11016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Because of the complex causal factors leading to depression, epigenetics is of considerable interest for the understanding effect of stress in depression. Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter important in many physiological functions, including motor control, mood, and the reward pathway. These factors lead many drugs to target Dopamine receptors in treating depressive disorders. In this review, we try to portray how chronic stress as an epigenetic factor changes the gene regulation pattern by interrupting Dopamine signaling mechanism. </p>","PeriodicalId":56361,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and Epigenetics","volume":"5 ","pages":"11-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/GEG.S11016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32910936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute psychosocial stress-mediated changes in the expression and methylation of perforin in chronic fatigue syndrome.","authors":"Virginia R Falkenberg,&nbsp;Toni Whistler,&nbsp;Janna R Murray,&nbsp;Elizabeth R Unger,&nbsp;Mangalathu S Rajeevan","doi":"10.4137/GEG.S10944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/GEG.S10944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perforin (PRF1) is essential for immune surveillance and studies report decreased perforin in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), an illness potentially associated with stress and/or infection. We hypothesize that stress can influence regulation of PRF1 expression, and that this regulation will differ between CFS and non-fatigued (NF) controls. We used the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) as a standardized acute psychosocial stress, and evaluated its effect on PRF1 expression and methylation in CFS (n = 34) compared with NF (n = 47) participants. During the TSST, natural killer (NK) cells increased significantly in both CFS (P = <0.0001) and NF subjects (P = <0.0001). Unlike previous reports, there was no significant difference in PRF1 expression at baseline or during TSST between CFS and NF. However, whole blood PRF1 expression increased 1.6 fold during the TSST in both CFS (P = 0.0003) and NF (P = <0.0001). Further, the peak response immediately following the TSST was lower in CFS compared with NF (P = 0.04). In addition, at 1.5 hours post TSST, PRF1 expression was elevated in CFS compared with NF (whole blood, P = 0.06; PBMC, P = 0.02). Methylation of seven CpG sites in the methylation sensitive region of the PRF1 promoter ranged from 38%-79% with no significant differences between CFS and NF. Although, the average baseline methylation of all seven CpG sites did not differ between CFS and NF groups, it showed a significant negative correlation with PRF1 expression at all TSST time points in both CFS (r = -0.56, P = <0.0001) and NF (r = -0.38, P = <0.0001). Among participants with high average methylation (≥65%), PRF1 expression was significantly lower in CFS than NF subjects immediately following TSST. These findings suggest methylation could be an important epigenetic determinant of inter-individual differences in PRF1 expression and that the differences in PRF1 expression and methylation between CFS and NF in the acute stress response require further investigation. </p>","PeriodicalId":56361,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and Epigenetics","volume":"5 ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/GEG.S10944","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32910935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UHRF1 Links the Histone code and DNA Methylation to ensure Faithful Epigenetic Memory Inheritance.","authors":"Christian Bronner, Guy Fuhrmann, Frédéric L Chédin, Marcella Macaluso, Sirano Dhe-Paganon","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epigenetics is the study of the transmission of cell memory through mitosis or meiosis that is not based on the DNA sequence. At the molecular level the epigenetic memory of a cell is embedded in DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, RNA interference and histone isoform variation. There is a tight link between histone post-translational modifications (the histone code) and DNA methylation, as modifications of histones contribute to the establishment of DNA methylation patterns and vice versa. Interestingly, proteins have recently been identified that can simultaneously read both methylated DNA and the histone code. UHRF1 ful-fills these requirements by having unique structural domains that allow concurrent recognition of histone modifications and methylated DNA. Herein, we review our current knowledge of UHRF1 and discuss how this protein ensures the link between histone marks and DNA methylation. Understanding the molecular functions of this protein may reveal the physiological relevance of the linkage between these layers of epigenetic marks.</p>","PeriodicalId":56361,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and Epigenetics","volume":"2009 2","pages":"29-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3106981/pdf/nihms171737.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30217248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}