Palaeontology最新文献_第5页

Exceptions to the temperature–size rule: no Lilliput Effect in end‐Permian ostracods (Crustacea) from Aras Valley (northwest Iran) 温度大小规则的例外:来自伊朗西北部阿拉斯山谷的二叠纪末介形类(甲壳类)没有利力浦特效应

IF 2.6 2区地球科学

Palaeontology Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1111/pala.12667

P. Nätscher, Jana Gliwa, K. De Baets, A. Ghaderi, D. Korn

{"title":"Exceptions to the temperature–size rule: no Lilliput Effect in end‐Permian ostracods (Crustacea) from Aras Valley (northwest Iran)","authors":"P. Nätscher, Jana Gliwa, K. De Baets, A. Ghaderi, D. Korn","doi":"10.1111/pala.12667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12667","url":null,"abstract":"The body size of marine ectotherms is often negatively correlated with ambient water temperature, as seen in many clades during the hyperthermal crisis of the end‐Permian mass extinction (c. 252 Ma). However, in the case of ostracods, size changes during ancient hyperthermal events are rarely quantified. In this study, we evaluate the body size changes of ostracods in the Aras Valley section (northwest Iran) in response to the drastic warming during the end‐Permian mass extinction at three taxonomic levels: class, order, species. At the assemblage level, the warming triggers a complete species turnover in the Aras Valley section, with larger, newly emerging species dominating the immediate post‐extinction assemblage for a short time. Individual ostracod species and instars do not show dwarfing or a change in body size as an adaptation to the temperature stress during the end‐Permian crisis. This may indicate that the ostracods in the Aras Valley section might have been exceptions to the temperature–size rule (TSR), using an adaptation mechanism that does not involve a decrease in body size. This adaptation might be similar to the accelerated development despite constant instar body sizes that can be observed in some recent experimental studies of ostracod responses to thermal stress.","PeriodicalId":56272,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42291767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What's inside a sauropod limb? First three‐dimensional investigation of the limb long bone microanatomy of a sauropod dinosaur, Nigersaurus taqueti (Neosauropoda, Rebbachisauridae), and implications for the weight‐bearing function 蜥脚类动物的肢体里有什么?首次对一种蜥脚类恐龙——尼日利亚龙的肢体长骨进行了三维显微解剖，并对其承重功能进行了研究

IF 2.6 2区地球科学

Palaeontology Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1111/pala.12670

R. Lefebvre, R. Allain, Alexandra Houssaye

{"title":"What's inside a sauropod limb? First three‐dimensional investigation of the limb long bone microanatomy of a sauropod dinosaur, Nigersaurus taqueti (Neosauropoda, Rebbachisauridae), and implications for the weight‐bearing function","authors":"R. Lefebvre, R. Allain, Alexandra Houssaye","doi":"10.1111/pala.12670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12670","url":null,"abstract":"Various terrestrial tetrapods convergently evolved to gigantism (large body sizes and masses), the most extreme case being sauropod dinosaurs. Heavy weight‐bearing taxa often show external morphological features related to this condition, but also adequacy in their limb bone inner structure: a spongiosa filling the medullary area and a rather thick cortex varying greatly in thickness along the shaft. However, the microanatomical variation in such taxa remains poorly known, especially between different limb elements. We highlight for the first time the three‐dimensional microstructure of the six limb long bone types of a sauropod dinosaur, Nigersaurus taqueti. Sampling several specimens of different sizes, we explored within‐bone, between‐bones, and size‐related variations. If a spongiosa fills the medullary area of all bones, the cortex is rather thin and varies only slightly in thickness along the shaft. Zeugopod bones appear more compact than stylopod ones, whereas no particular differences between serially homologous bones are found. Nigersaurus' pattern appears much less extreme than that in heavy terrestrial taxa such as rhinoceroses, but is partly similar to observations in elephants and in two‐dimensional sauropod data. Thus, microanatomy may have not been the predominant feature for weight‐bearing in sauropods. External features, such as columnarity (shared with elephants) and postcranial pneumaticity, may have played a major role for this function, thus relaxing pressures on microanatomy. Also, sauropods may have been lighter than expected for a given size. Our study calls for further three‐dimensional investigations, eventually yielding a framework characterizing more precisely how sauropod gigantism may have been possible.","PeriodicalId":56272,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48830182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preservational modes of some ichthyosaur soft tissues (Reptilia, Ichthyopterygia) from the Jurassic Posidonia Shale of Germany 德国侏罗纪Posidonia页岩部分鱼龙软组织（爬行纲、鱼鳍目）的保存模式

IF 2.6 2区地球科学

Palaeontology Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1111/pala.12668

Randolph G. De La Garza, P. Sjövall, R. Hauff, J. Lindgren

{"title":"Preservational modes of some ichthyosaur soft tissues (Reptilia, Ichthyopterygia) from the Jurassic Posidonia Shale of Germany","authors":"Randolph G. De La Garza, P. Sjövall, R. Hauff, J. Lindgren","doi":"10.1111/pala.12668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12668","url":null,"abstract":"Konservat‐Lagerstätten, such as the Toarcian (Early Jurassic) Posidonia Shale of southwestern Germany, are renowned for their spectacular fossils. Ichthyosaur skeletons recovered from this formation are frequently associated with soft tissues; however, the preserved material ranges from three‐dimensional, predominantly phosphatized structures to dark films of mainly organic matter. We examined soft‐tissue residues obtained from two ichthyosaur specimens using an integrated ultrastructural and geochemical approach. Our analyses revealed that the superficially‐looking ‘films’ in fact comprise sections of densely aggregated melanosome (pigment) organelles sandwiched between phosphatized layers containing fibrous microstructures. We interpret this distinct layering as representing condensed and incompletely degraded integument from both sides of the animal. When compared against previously documented ichthyosaur fossils, it becomes readily apparent that a range of preservational modes exists between presumed ‘phosphatic’ and ‘carbonized’ soft‐tissue remains. Some specimens show high structural fidelity (e.g. distinct integumentary layering), while others, including the fossils examined in this study, retain few original anatomical details. This diversity of soft‐tissue preservational modes among Posidonia Shale ichthyosaurs offers a unique opportunity to examine different biostratinomic, taphonomic and diagenetic variables that potentially could affect the process of fossilization. It is likely that soft‐tissue preservation in the Posidonia Shale was regulated by a multitude of factors, including decay efficiency and speed of phosphatic mineral nucleation; these in turn were governed by a seafloor with sustained microbial mat activity fuelled by high organic matter input and seasonally fluctuating oxygen levels.","PeriodicalId":56272,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49559303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new method for extracting conodonts and radiolarians from chert with NaOH solution 用NaOH溶液从燧石中提取牙形石和放射虫的新方法

IF 2.6 2区地球科学

Palaeontology Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1111/pala.12672

M. Rigo, T. Onoue, Qiangwang Wu, Y. Tomimatsu, L. Santello, Yixing Du, Xin Jin, A. Bertinelli

引用次数: 0

Palaeobiology and taphonomy of the rangeomorph Culmofrons plumosa 羽扇库蚊的古生物学和地理特征

IF 2.6 2区地球科学

Palaeontology Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1111/pala.12671

G. Pasinetti, D. McIlroy

{"title":"Palaeobiology and taphonomy of the rangeomorph Culmofrons plumosa","authors":"G. Pasinetti, D. McIlroy","doi":"10.1111/pala.12671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12671","url":null,"abstract":"The deep marine Ediacaran fossil record of Avalonia is dominated by the Rangeomorpha, a clade characterized by up to four orders of fractal‐like branching. Despite their abundance, morphological diversity and the recent increase in Ediacaran studies, aspects of their palaeobiology, palaeoecology and phylogenetic position in the tree of life are still hotly debated. The clade has traditionally been interpreted as consisting of organisms that lived erect in the water column and tethered to the seafloor, based on the intuitive interpretation of their frondose body plan. However, recent work has challenged this view and instead proposes a reclining mode of life for several rangeomorphs, possibly in symbiosis with chemoautotrophic bacteria. Here, we offer a detailed description of exceptionally preserved specimens of Culmofrons plumosa from the Discovery UNESCO Global Geopark in Newfoundland, Canada. We suggest that Culmofrons plumosa should be reinterpreted as a reclining organism based on taphonomic and morphological evidence. Additionally, reproductive modes and a growth model of the species are here inferred, and they appear to be most consistent with a reclining mode of life, offering a novel palaeobiological reconstruction of the species.","PeriodicalId":56272,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44085612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unique dentition of rhynchosaurs and their two‐phase success as herbivores in the Triassic 钩龙独特的齿列及其在三叠纪作为草食性动物的两个阶段的成功

IF 2.6 2区地球科学

Palaeontology Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/pala.12654

Thitiwoot Sethapanichsakul, R. Coram, M. Benton

{"title":"Unique dentition of rhynchosaurs and their two‐phase success as herbivores in the Triassic","authors":"Thitiwoot Sethapanichsakul, R. Coram, M. Benton","doi":"10.1111/pala.12654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12654","url":null,"abstract":"Rhynchosaurs were key herbivores over much of the world in the Middle and Late Triassic, often dominating their faunas ecologically, and much of their success may relate to their dentition. They show the unique ankylothecodont mode of tooth implantation, with deep roots embedded in the bone of the jaw and low crowns that were rapidly worn down in use. During growth, the main area of oral food processing, located in the middle and posterior portions of the occlusal surfaces of the jaws, moved posteriorly relative to the anterior tips of the jaws, which curved up. As the maxilla and dentary grew by addition of new bone posteriorly, the dental lamina fed in new teeth at the back of the tooth rows. CT scanning of the holotype skull of Bentonyx sidensis from the Middle Triassic of England reveals previously concealed details of the dentition. Together with new dentary material from the same location, this has enabled us to examine the tooth replacement process and elucidate ontogenetic changes in dentition and jaw morphology as the animals aged. There were major changes in rhynchosaur anatomy and function through their evolutionary history, with the early forms of the Middle Triassic dying out before or during the Carnian Pluvial Episode (233–232 Ma), and the subclade Hyperodapedontinae, with broad skulls and adaptations to chop tough vegetation, subsequently diversifying worldwide in a successful ecological expansion until their global extinction 227–225 Ma.","PeriodicalId":56272,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46832928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Decoding the drivers of deep‐time wetland biodiversity: insights from an early Permian tropical lake ecosystem 解读深层湿地生物多样性的驱动因素：来自二叠纪早期热带湖泊生态系统的见解

IF 2.6 2区地球科学

Palaeontology Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/pala.12652

Steffen Trümper, Björn Vogel, S. Germann, R. Werneburg, J. Schneider, Alexandra Hellwig, U. Linnemann, M. Hofmann, Ronny Rößler

{"title":"Decoding the drivers of deep‐time wetland biodiversity: insights from an early Permian tropical lake ecosystem","authors":"Steffen Trümper, Björn Vogel, S. Germann, R. Werneburg, J. Schneider, Alexandra Hellwig, U. Linnemann, M. Hofmann, Ronny Rößler","doi":"10.1111/pala.12652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12652","url":null,"abstract":"Wetlands are important to continental evolution, providing both arenas and refugia for emerging and declining biotas. This significance and the high preservation potential make the resulting fossiliferous deposits essential for our understanding of past and future biodiversity. We reconstruct the trophic structure and age of the early Permian Manebach Lake ecosystem, Germany, a thriving wetland at a time when the tropical biosphere faced profound upheaval in the peaking Late Palaeozoic Icehouse. Nine excavations, high‐resolution spatiotemporal documentation of fossils and strata, and U–Pb radioisotopic dating of tuffs allow us to distinguish autogenic and allogenic factors shaping the limnic biocoenosis. The Manebach Lake was an exorheic, oxygen‐stratified, perennial water body on the 101–102 km2 scale, integrated into the catchment draining much of the European Variscides. Lake formation paralleled an Asselian regional wet climatic interval and benefited from rising base level due to post‐Variscan half‐graben tectonics. Stromatolite‐forming cyanobacteria, bivalves, several crustaceans, amblypterids and xenacanthid sharks formed a differentiated biocoenosis in the lake. Fossil stomach remains and teeth prove the rare presence of acanthodians, branchiosaurs and large amphibians. The results indicate woody‐debris‐bearing lake littorals devoid of semi‐aquatic and aquatic plants as places suitable for stromatolites to grow, underpin the model of declining freshwater‐shark diversity in most Permian Variscan basins, demonstrate fish/amphibian ratios in limnic assemblages to measure lake perenniality and reveal taphonomic biases in lake taphocoenoses. Our outcomes call for more knowledge about the diversity, ecology and fossilization pathways of past limnic biotas, particularly microorganisms and actinopterygian fishes, to reconstruct deep‐time continental ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":56272,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45755328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Associations between trilobite intraspecific moulting variability and body proportions: Estaingia bilobata from the Cambrian Emu Bay Shale, Australia 三叶虫种内换壳变异性与身体比例的关系:来自澳大利亚寒武纪鸸鹋湾页岩的双叶虫

IF 2.6 2区地球科学

Palaeontology Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/pala.12651

Harriet B. Drage, J. D. Holmes, D. García‐Bellido, J. Paterson

{"title":"Associations between trilobite intraspecific moulting variability and body proportions: Estaingia bilobata from the Cambrian Emu Bay Shale, Australia","authors":"Harriet B. Drage, J. D. Holmes, D. García‐Bellido, J. Paterson","doi":"10.1111/pala.12651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12651","url":null,"abstract":"Trilobites were notably flexible in the moulting behaviours they employed, producing a variety of moult configurations preserved in the fossil record. Investigations seeking to explain this moulting variability and its potential impacts are few, despite abundant material being available for study. We present the first quantitative study on moulting in a single trilobite species using a dataset of almost 500 moult specimens of Estaingia bilobata from the Cambrian (Series 2, Stage 4) Emu Bay Shale, South Australia. Specimens were categorized by moulting mode (Salter's or Sutural Gape) and their associated configurations, and their body proportions measured from both a museum collection (including a bycatch sample) and a randomly‐collected field sample. This enabled analysis of the proportion of E. bilobata specimens displaying the Sutural Gape and Salter's modes of moulting and their different configurations, and tests for association between moulting behaviour and body proportions. The results show a wide range of E. bilobata moulting configurations in all samples, suggesting that configurations represent definable instances in a largely continuous spectrum of variation. Analyses comparing body proportions of specimens showing the two modes of moulting were non‐significant, suggesting there is no true association between moulting behaviour and body proportion, except for a single significant result for body length. All results were relatively consistent between the museum and field samples. However, removing accessioned specimens from the museum sample brought results even further in line with the field sample, supporting the need for consideration of museum collection bias in palaeontological analyses.","PeriodicalId":56272,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48305901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Early Cenozoic increases in mammal diversity cannot be explained solely by expansion into larger body sizes 早期新生代哺乳动物多样性的增加不能仅仅用体型的扩大来解释

IF 2.6 2区地球科学

Palaeontology Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/pala.12653

Gemma Louise Benevento, R. Benson, R. Close, R. Butler

{"title":"Early Cenozoic increases in mammal diversity cannot be explained solely by expansion into larger body sizes","authors":"Gemma Louise Benevento, R. Benson, R. Close, R. Butler","doi":"10.1111/pala.12653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12653","url":null,"abstract":"A prominent hypothesis in the diversification of placental mammals after the Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K/Pg) boundary suggests that the extinction of non‐avian dinosaurs resulted in the ecological release of mammals, which were previously constrained to small body sizes and limited species richness. This ‘dinosaur incumbency hypothesis’ may therefore explain increases in mammalian diversity via expansion into larger body size niches, that were previously occupied by dinosaurs, but does not directly predict increases in other body size classes. To evaluate this, we estimate sampling‐standardized diversity patterns of terrestrial North American fossil mammals within body size classes, during the Cretaceous and Palaeogene. We find strong evidence for post‐extinction diversity increases in all size classes. Increases in the diversity of small‐bodied species (less than 100 g, the common body size class of Cretaceous mammals, and much smaller than the smallest non‐avialan dinosaurs (c. 400 g)) were similar to those of larger species. We propose that small‐bodied mammals had access to greater energetic resources or were able to partition resources more finely after the K/Pg mass extinction. This is likely to be the result of a combination of widespread niche clearing due to the K/Pg mass extinctions, alongside a suite of biotic and abiotic changes that occurred during the Late Cretaceous and across the K/Pg boundary, such as shifting floral composition, and novel key innovations among eutherian mammals.","PeriodicalId":56272,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43611712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Issue Information 问题信息

IF 2.6 2区地球科学

Palaeontology Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/pala.12606

引用次数: 0