South Sudan Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Risk factors for stroke in the African populace: need for action","authors":"Paul Bolaji","doi":"10.4314/ssmj.v17i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ssmj.v17i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The burden of stroke cannot be overemphasized especially in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). More than two-thirds of stroke  deaths arise from these countries as well as nearly 90% of stroke-related morbidities. Unfortunately, it has been suggested that there  might be up to a three-fold increase in stroke incidence and a higher prevalence in Africa in the year 2021. The known risk factors for  stroke are similar to those in developed countries: age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolaemia, and central obesity.  These risk factors have often been overlooked in patients who present with stroke in Africa. Other important risk factors for stroke  include high salt intake and red meat consumption, low consumption of green leafy vegetables, air pollution, undernutrition in infancy  and genetic factors. Possibly the most efficient way of curbing the impact of stroke in Africa is to address the risk factors. The aim of this  article is to shine some light on these risk factors in sub-Saharan Africa and proffer some solutions to address the menace of stroke  ","PeriodicalId":56200,"journal":{"name":"South Sudan Medical Journal","volume":"30 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140450546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Address risk factors as part of clinical practice to prevent stroke","authors":"E. Hakim","doi":"10.4314/ssmj.v17i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ssmj.v17i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":56200,"journal":{"name":"South Sudan Medical Journal","volume":"26 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140450582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma and aflatoxin in Sudan: The way forward","authors":"M. Elhassan","doi":"10.4314/ssmj.v17i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ssmj.v17i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common type of cancer and the third leading cause of death worldwide. It is especially  prevalent in developing countries, with around 80% of cases occurring in Asia and Africa. Aflatoxin B1 is a well-documented risk factor for  HCC, among other factors. In Sudan, there is limited reliable and comprehensive data on cancer epidemiology, including HCC. This paper  focuses on the current status of HCC in Sudan, specifically in relation to aflatoxin. Additionally, recommendations are provided to  enhance the control measures for HCC in the country.","PeriodicalId":56200,"journal":{"name":"South Sudan Medical Journal","volume":"17 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140450738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stroke rehabilitation in low resource countries: time to provide an organised service","authors":"Mehran Maanoosi","doi":"10.4314/ssmj.v17i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ssmj.v17i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in lowand middle-income countries (LMICs). The proven efficacy for rehabilitation interventions in improving stroke outcomes in LMICs supports the need to strengthen the rehabilitation workforce.  Low-cost physical rehabilitation interventions requiring minimal resources, self-rehabilitation, tele-rehabilitation and involvement of  family and other carers can be a solution and improve functional outcomes. \u0000Method: A literature search using the terms Stroke and Rehabilitation were carried out by the Chief Librarian at St. Richard’s Hospital, the  University Hospital Sussex. Four databases, namely Ovid Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and Ebsco CINAHL, were searched using  appropriate subject headings and free text terms such as stroke and rehabilitation . We used free text terms to look for concepts  synonymous with rehabilitation in LMICs. We did not search for individual countries or continents/sub-continents. \u0000Results: Relevant  results from 2015 to current were included. Twenty articles were finally chosen which included the most relevant and useful information for the purpose of this article. \u0000Conclusion: Populations in LMICs are exposed to health systems which do not include rehabilitation  services. In addition, there are personal barriers to accessing quality stroke rehabilitation that could improve stroke survival and  functional outcomes. Although there have been some improvements in the development of stroke rehabilitation in some LMICs, further  investment is required to ensure that LMICs continue to receive the best quality rehabilitation services. There are measures that can be  put in place to reduce these deficiencies. Collaboration between LMICs and developed countries has been growing but this needs to be  extended, especially in training doctors in Rehabilitation Medicine and upskilling therapists. The World Health Organisation Rehabilitation  2030 is an action plan to scale up rehabilitation so that countries, especially LMICs, can be better prepared to address the evolving rehabilitation needs of populations by 2030. ","PeriodicalId":56200,"journal":{"name":"South Sudan Medical Journal","volume":"2 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139958864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reference intervals for serum creatinine and urea in the adult western Sudanese population","authors":"M. Mohammed, Ibrahim Abdelrhim Ali, Abdarahiem A. Abeadalla, O. Musa","doi":"10.4314/ssmj.v17i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ssmj.v17i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Serum creatinine and urea levels are affected by numerous factors such as ethnicity, environment, age, sex, and  anthropometric measurements. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommends that each laboratory should establish  its own reference intervals for biochemistry and haematology. There are no local reference intervals for serum creatinine and  blood urea in Sudan; instead, intervals derived from worldwide research are used. The purpose of this study was to determine the blood  urea and serum creatinine reference intervals for healthy adults in the Western Sudanese population. \u0000Method: Randomly selected adult Sudanese residents of Al Fashir City who were from the Western Sudan states of Kordofan and Darfur  were the subjects of a cross-sectional study conducted in September and October 2018. We recruited 153 participants. After giving their  consent, they were evaluated using a questionnaire that collected medical history and demographic information. We used standard  techniques to measure blood pressure, body mass index, urea, and creatinine. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were used to assess the  distributions of the creatinine and urea values, and reference intervals calculated. T-tests were used to investigate differences of mean  creatinine and urea levels by sex and age. IBM SPSS Statistics version 25 was used to analyse the data and p ≤ 0.05 was considered  significant. \u0000Results: Overall, the reference intervals (Mean±1.96*SD) for serum creatinine and urea levels were 0.45-0.92 mg/dL and  7.6-27.9 mg/dL respectively, compared to international reference intervals adopted from the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM)  serum creatinine (males 0.7-1.3, females 0.5-1.1 mg/dL) and blood urea (17.12-42.8 mg/dL for both sexes) and The Western Sudanese  population’s mean serum creatinine and urea levels were, respectively, 0.69 mg/dL and 17.8 mg/dL. Male sex was associated with higher levels of both creatinine and urea (p<0.001). \u0000Conclusion: This study documented lower reference intervals for creatinine and urea in the  Western Sudanese population. ","PeriodicalId":56200,"journal":{"name":"South Sudan Medical Journal","volume":"27 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140450209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stroke units in low and middle income countries (LMICs) save lives: application of the western model of stroke care","authors":"Omotayo O. Taiwo, Min K. Koko, E. Hakim","doi":"10.4314/ssmj.v17i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ssmj.v17i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke is defined as a syndrome of rapidly developing clinical signs of focal or global disturbance of cerebral function with symptoms  lasting 24 hours or longer or leading to death with no apparent cause other than of vascular origin. In the current management of stroke  in developed countries, stroke units form a vital part of the care pathway. Stroke units save lives, reduce disability, mitigate against  complications such as aspiration pneumonitis, facilitate early discharge home with timely interventions by a Multidisciplinary Team.  Whilst the burden of stroke has decreased in high income countries, this decrease is lowest in sub-Saharan Africa.","PeriodicalId":56200,"journal":{"name":"South Sudan Medical Journal","volume":"34 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140449781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"16 Days of Activism Against GBV","authors":"Rita M. Lopidia","doi":"10.4314/ssmj.v16i4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ssmj.v16i4.10","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":56200,"journal":{"name":"South Sudan Medical Journal","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138598334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The reality of GBV: The story of a South Sudanese girl child in Kenya","authors":"Nyajuok Tongyik Doluony","doi":"10.4314/ssmj.v16i4.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ssmj.v16i4.9","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":56200,"journal":{"name":"South Sudan Medical Journal","volume":"44 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138600625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with maternal deaths in Bongor Provincial Hospital, Chad","authors":"G. Madoué, Allarehene Noudjalbaye, Saleh Abdelsalam, Kainba Passoret, Diguisna Kadam","doi":"10.4314/ssmj.v16i4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ssmj.v16i4.3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Maternal mortality remains a major public health problem, particularly in Chad. The aim of this study was to analyse the  factors associated with maternal death. \u0000Method: This was a retrospective descriptive and analytical study conducted at  Bongor Provincial Hospital (BPH) over a 5-year period  (2015 to 2020). The  study population consisted of all maternity patients who died in this hospital  and whose records were complete. The  variables studied were epidemiological,  clinical, and therapeutic factors. The data were collected and analysed using  Sphinx Plus²(V5)  software. The Chi-square test was used to compare the  variables. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. \u0000Results: We  registered 13,758 women with all pathologies, of which 6,349  met the inclusion criteria; 98 of them died (1.5%) giving a Maternal  Mortality  Rate (MMR) of 1005/100,000 live births. These deaths mainly occurred in  women aged between 20 and 24 years (30.6%), who  were married (79.6%),  housewives (59.2%), multiparous (33.7%), from rural areas (74.5%),  uneducated (39.8%) and who had had no  prenatal care (60.2%). The main  aetiologies reported were: genital haemorrhage (77.5%), infections (63.3%),  malaria (61.2%), severe  anaemia (39.8%) and dystocia (25.5%). \u0000Conclusion: Maternal mortality is a major health problem, and its reduction  requires the  mobilization of all actors in society and implies good health  education, improvement of the quality of prenatal follow-up and emergency  obstetric care. ","PeriodicalId":56200,"journal":{"name":"South Sudan Medical Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138601016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal socio-economic and neonatal medical characteristics associated with survival of preterm neonates in Torit State Hospital, South Sudan: a descriptive cross-sectional study","authors":"Beatrice Doki, Pontius Bayo, Ronald Jada","doi":"10.4314/ssmj.v16i4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ssmj.v16i4.2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: One in 10 babies is born preterm globally. Preterm birth is a major cause of mortality among children under 5 years old especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The socio-economic and clinical characteristics associated with survival of preterm babies admitted in Torit State Hospital are unknown. This study describes these characteristics to inform quality-of-care initiatives to improve preterm neonatal care. \u0000Method: A retrospective study was conducted of the medical records of 67 preterm neonates admitted from 1st January to 31st December 2021. Neonatal outcome at discharge was recorded as alive, dead, or absconded while neonatal clinical and maternal socio-economic characteristics were recorded as independent variables. The data were analysed using SPSS Statistics software version 21. Descriptive statistics including frequencies and proportions were calculated. Differences in the proportions were tested using the chi-squared statistic. All significance levels were set at p ≤ 0.05. \u0000Results: Of the 67 preterm babies admitted, 47 (70.1%) were discharged alive with a significant increase in body weight, 18 (26.9%) died and the outcomes of two patients were not recorded. The ability to suckle at the time of admission (p=0.01) and having a mother educated to at least primary level (p=0.035) were significantly associated with higher preterm survival. \u0000Conclusions: Premature mortality was common among preterm babies who were not able to suckle at the time of admission and lack of formal maternal education was associated with low survival rates. Educating girls to at least primary level can contribute significantly to preterm neonatal survival.","PeriodicalId":56200,"journal":{"name":"South Sudan Medical Journal","volume":"117 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138599452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}