Neuroforum最新文献_第4页

Neurobiology of phenotypic plasticity in the light of climate change 气候变化下表型可塑性的神经生物学

Neuroforum Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.1515/nf-2021-0029

Linda C. Weiss

{"title":"Neurobiology of phenotypic plasticity in the light of climate change","authors":"Linda C. Weiss","doi":"10.1515/nf-2021-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nf-2021-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Phenotypic plasticity describes the ability of an organism with a given genotype to respond to changing environmental conditions through the adaptation of the phenotype. Phenotypic plasticity is a widespread means of adaptation, allowing organisms to optimize fitness levels in changing environments. A core prerequisite for adaptive predictive plasticity is the existence of reliable cues, i.e. accurate environmental information about future selection on the expressed plastic phenotype. Furthermore, organisms need the capacity to detect and interpret such cues, relying on specific sensory signalling and neuronal cascades. Subsequent neurohormonal changes lead to the transformation of phenotype A into phenotype B. Each of these activities is critical for survival. Consequently, anything that could impair an animal’s ability to perceive important chemical information could have significant ecological ramifications. Climate change and other human stressors can act on individual or all of the components of this signalling cascade. In consequence, organisms could lose their adaptive potential, or in the worst case, even become maladapted. Therefore, it is key to understand the sensory systems, the neurobiology and the physiological adaptations that mediate organisms’ interactions with their environment. It is, thus, pivotal to predict the ecosystem-wide effects of global human forcing. This review summarizes current insights on how climate change affects phenotypic plasticity, focussing on how associated stressors change the signalling agents, the sensory systems, receptor responses and neuronal signalling cascades, thereby, impairing phenotypic adaptations.","PeriodicalId":56108,"journal":{"name":"Neuroforum","volume":"28 1","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41511141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forschungsgruppe (FOR5159) Resolving the prefrontal circuits of cognitive flexibility 认知灵活性的前额回路的解析

Neuroforum Pub Date : 2021-12-06 DOI: 10.1515/nf-2021-0023

I. Hanganu-Opatz, I. Diester

{"title":"Forschungsgruppe (FOR5159) Resolving the prefrontal circuits of cognitive flexibility","authors":"I. Hanganu-Opatz, I. Diester","doi":"10.1515/nf-2021-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nf-2021-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Albert Einstein once claimed that “The measure of intelligence is the ability to change”. We painfully experienced the practical relevance of this fact during the last pandemic years, when we suddenly had to change our time management, implement new ways of interactions and reevaluate the importance of previously barely relevant items, e.g. face masks, test kits, and disinfectants, to name just a few examples. Our successful survival in a permanently changing environment would not be possible without the ability to store and update new evidence, (re)evaluate the choices and take adaptive decisions. This amazing ability to easily change according to the situation defines the cognitive flexibility of our minds. It implies that low-level sensory and motor processes are internally coordinated to endow the brain with the capacity to develop and adapt internal goals and act accordingly. It is obvious that such processes involve a neural circuitry that extends over much of the brain, yet it is commonly held that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a critical hub (Miller and Cohen, 2001; Chini and Hanganu-Opatz, 2021). Despite the relevance of cognitive flexibility for day-to-day life, a mechanistic understanding of prefrontal coding of behavioral flexibility is still lacking, mainly due to the ethical concerns and technical limitations of human research, on the one hand, and the absence of a translational consensus regarding the prefrontal region, on the other hand (Carlen, 2017).","PeriodicalId":56108,"journal":{"name":"Neuroforum","volume":"28 1","pages":"55 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43862517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Frontmatter

Neuroforum Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/nf-2021-frontmatter4

引用次数: 0

Methodenkursprogramm der NWG 2022 NWG 2022方法论课程计划

Neuroforum Pub Date : 2021-10-26 DOI: 10.1515/nf-2021-0027

引用次数: 0

Recent developments and future perspectives on neuroelectronic devices 神经电子设备的最新进展和未来展望

Neuroforum Pub Date : 2021-10-08 DOI: 10.1515/nf-2021-0019

P. Rinklin, B. Wolfrum

{"title":"Recent developments and future perspectives on neuroelectronic devices","authors":"P. Rinklin, B. Wolfrum","doi":"10.1515/nf-2021-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nf-2021-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Neuroscientific discoveries and the development of recording and stimulation tools are deeply connected. Over the past decades, the progress in seamlessly integrating such tools in the form of neuroelectronic devices has been tremendous. Here, we review recent advances and key aspects of this goal. Firstly, we illustrate improvements with respect to the coupling between cells/tissue and recording/stimulation electrodes. Thereafter, we cover attempts to mitigate the foreign body response by reducing the devices’ invasiveness. We follow up with a description of specialized electronic hardware aimed at the needs of bioelectronic applications. Lastly, we outline how additional modalities such as optical techniques or ultrasound could in the future be integrated into neuroelectronic implants. Zusammenfassung Neurowissenschaftliche Entdeckungen und die Entwicklung von Ableitungs- und Stimulationsmethoden sind stark verknüpft. Im Laufe der letzten Jahrzehnte hat sich ein immenser Fortschritt im Hinblick auf die nahtlose Integration solcher Methoden in Form von neuroelektronischen Schnittstellen ergeben. In diesem Artikel geben wir einen Überblick über aktuelle Entwicklungen in diesem Feld. Wir beleuchten zuerst Verbesserungen der Kopplung zwischen Zellen/Gewebe und Ableitungs- bzw. Stimulationselektroden. Danach betrachten wir Ansätze zur Vermeidung von Fremdkörperreaktionen durch eine reduzierte Invasivität der Schnittstellen. Anschließend beschreiben wir spezialisierte elektronische Hardware für bioelektronische Anwendungen. Zuletzt zeigen wir auf, wie neue Modalitäten z.B. durch optische Techniken oder Ultraschall zukünftig in neuroelektronische Implantate integriert werden könnten.","PeriodicalId":56108,"journal":{"name":"Neuroforum","volume":"27 1","pages":"213 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46996288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Environmental exposures impact the nervous system in a life stage-specific manner 环境暴露对神经系统的影响是生命阶段特有的

Neuroforum Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.1515/nf-2021-0021

J. Tigges, T. Schikowski, E. Fritsche

引用次数: 0

Neuroscience meets cancer: networks and neuronal input to brain tumors 神经科学遇上癌症:脑肿瘤的网络和神经元输入

Neuroforum Pub Date : 2021-09-29 DOI: 10.1515/nf-2021-0020

V. Venkataramani, M. Karreman, F. Winkler

引用次数: 1

The neural architecture of sleep regulation – insights from Drosophila 睡眠调节的神经结构——来自果蝇的见解

Neuroforum Pub Date : 2021-09-29 DOI: 10.1515/nf-2021-0018

Raquel Suárez-Grimalt, Davide Raccuglia

{"title":"The neural architecture of sleep regulation – insights from Drosophila","authors":"Raquel Suárez-Grimalt, Davide Raccuglia","doi":"10.1515/nf-2021-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nf-2021-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The neural mechanisms that balance waking and sleep to ensure adequate sleep quality in mammals are highly complex, often eluding functional insight. In the last two decades, researchers made impressive progress in studying the less complex brain of the invertebrate model organism Drosophila melanogaster, which has led to a deeper understanding of the neural principles of sleep regulation. Here, we will review these findings to illustrate that neural networks require sleep to undergo synaptic reorganization that allows for the incorporation of experiences made during the waking hours. Sleep need, therefore, can arise as a consequence of sensory processing, often signalized by neural networks as they synchronize their electrical patterns to generate slow-wave activity. The slow-wave activity provides the neurophysiological basis to establish a sensory gate that suppresses sensory processing to provide a resting phase which promotes synaptic rescaling and clearance of metabolites from the brain. Moreover, we demonstrate how neural networks for homeostatic and circadian sleep regulation interact to consolidate sleep into a specific daily period. We particularly highlight that the basic functions and physiological principles of sleep are highly conserved throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, allowing us to identify the functional components and neural interactions that construct the neural architecture of sleep regulation.","PeriodicalId":56108,"journal":{"name":"Neuroforum","volume":"27 1","pages":"189 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46980692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

DFG-Research Unit (FOR) 2974 “Affective and cognitive mechanisms of specific Internet-use disorders (ACSID)” DFG研究单位（FOR）2974“特定互联网使用障碍的情感和认知机制（ACSID）”

Neuroforum Pub Date : 2021-09-28 DOI: 10.1515/nf-2021-0024

M. Brand, R. Stark, T. Klucken

引用次数: 0

Frontmatter Frontmatter

Neuroforum Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1515/nf-2021-frontmatter3

引用次数: 0