Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics最新文献

{"title":"Multiple responses of bryophytes in a chronosequence of burnt areas in non-fire prone subtropical cloud forests","authors":"Ruymán David Cedrés-Perdomo ,&nbsp;Raquel Hernández-Hernández ,&nbsp;Brent C. Emerson ,&nbsp;Juana María González-Mancebo","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2022.125702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2022.125702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In non-fire prone ecosystems, like some subtropical humid forests, fire produces habitat destruction and intensifies land degradation by inducing changes in native species composition, soil properties and erosive processes. Bryophytes are key components of the Macaronesian laurel forests playing an important role in regulating water cycling and microclimate. Ecological and taxonomical bryophytes groups have distinct ecological and physiological requirements and may respond in a different way to the same fire events. Therefore, analysing post fire recovery of bryophyte communities represents a key step towards a better understanding of forest fire drivers and post fire management. We investigated how species richness and composition of different ecological and taxonomical bryophyte groups varied in 1158 samples within a fire chronosequence from 5 to 57 years in the best-preserved laurel forest from Canary Islands (Garajonay National Park) analysing communities in terms of differences with comparable surrounding old growth unburnt stands. Epiphyte, terricolous and saxicolous bryophytes were sampled at each plot and the influence of the time since fire was analyzed together with environmental variables (temperature, precipitation, mist precipitation and elevation) and forest structure variables. Our results indicate that there is no general pattern of post fire recolonization, as recolonization varies depending on the ecological and phylogenetic groups considered. Climate and forest structure play an important role in post-fire recolonization, such that time since fire is not the most important variable influencing richness and composition. The results increase the understanding of the processes that shape compositional patterns in groups with high dispersal capacities and high microclimate dependence, such as mosses and liverworts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 125702"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43862120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomic significance and evolution of homobaric and heterobaric leaves in Adesmia clade species (Leguminosae – Papilionoideae)","authors":"Fernanda Helena Palermo ,&nbsp;Ana Paula Fortuna-Perez ,&nbsp;Heloísa Beltrami Chain ,&nbsp;Flávia Fonseca Pezzini ,&nbsp;Gwilym Peter Lewis ,&nbsp;Rogério Antonio de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Tatiane Maria Rodrigues","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2022.125714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2022.125714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The presence/absence of bundle sheath extensions (BSE) in a leaf blade allows the classification of the leaves as heterobaric or homobaric, respectively. The compartmentalization of the mesophyll by BSE is associated with differences in functional aspects of heterobaric and homobaric leaves, such as conduction of water and luminosity, traits related to the successful colonization of different environments by plants. Therefore, studies on the distribution of different leaf types in a taxon can provide information on ecological, systematic, physiological, and evolutionary aspects. The Adesmia clade belongs to the legume tribe Dalbergieae (Papilionoideae, Leguminosae) and comprises five genera with a neotropical or </span>pantropical<span> distribution. We mapped the distribution of Adesmia clade species with either homobaric or heterobaric leaves, searching for associations with their habit and anatomical evolution. Leaves from 75 subshrubby, shrubby, and climbing species from different environments were obtained from worldwide herbaria. Leaflet blade samples were processed according to standard techniques in plant anatomy. We found that 53.4% of the species studied presented heterobaric leaves and 46.6% presented homobaric leaves. All species of the genus </span></span><em>Adesmia</em> DC. had homobaric leaves, while all species of <em>Amicia</em> Kunth and <em>Nissolia</em> Jacq. had heterobaric leaves. In contrast, <em>Zornia</em> J.F. Gmel. and <em>Poiretia</em> Vent. presented some species with homobaric leaves and others with heterobaric leaves. All climbers studied had heterobaric leaves. For the shrubby and subshrubby species analysed, 64,8% had heterobaric leaves and 35,2% had homobaric leaves. Our results show that within the Adesmia clade the BSE in the leaf blade possibly evolved from heterobaric leaves with the extensions in the second and third order (occasionally fourth order) veins to heterobaric leaves with BSE only in second order veins, and for homobaric leaves in earlier lineages (<em>Zornia</em> and <em>Adesmia</em>).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 125714"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47016996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting dynamics of seed banks and standing vegetation of annuals and perennials along a rainfall gradient","authors":"Niv DeMalach ,&nbsp;Jaime Kigel ,&nbsp;Marcelo Sternberg","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2023.125718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2023.125718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The soil seed bank is a major component of plant communities. However, long-term analyses of the dynamics of the seed bank and the ensuing vegetation are rare. Here, we studied the dynamics in plant communities with high dominance of annuals in Mediterranean, semiarid, and arid ecosystems for nine consecutive years. For annuals, we hypothesized that the density of the seed bank would be more stable than the density of the standing herbaceous vegetation. Moreover, we predicted that differences in temporal variability between the seed bank and the vegetation would increase with aridity, where year-to-year rainfall variability is higher. We found that the temporal variability at the population level (assessed as the standard deviation of the log_e<span>-transformed density) of the nine dominant annuals in each site did not differ between the seed bank and the ensuing vegetation in any of the sites. For the total density of annuals, patterns depended on aridity. In the Mediterranean site, the temporal variability was similar in the seed bank and the vegetation (0.40 vs. 0.40). Still, in the semiarid and arid sites, variability in the seed bank was lower than in the vegetation (0.49 vs. 1.01 and 0.63 vs. 1.38, respectively). This difference between the population-level patterns and the total density of annuals can be related to the lower population synchrony in their seed bank. In contrast, for the herbaceous perennials (all species combined), the seed bank variability was higher than in the vegetation. Overall, our results highlight the role of the seed bank in buffering the annual vegetation density with increasing climatic uncertainty typical in aridity gradients. This role is crucial under the increasing uncertainty imposed by climatic change in the region.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 125718"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42435103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic distribution and climatic niche comparison between diploid and polyploid cytotypes of a South American genus Lessingianthus H.Rob. (Vernonieae, Asteraceae)","authors":"María Betiana Angulo ,&nbsp;Javier Elías Florentín ,&nbsp;Gisela Mariel Via do Pico","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2023.125719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2023.125719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The distribution of ploidy levels and their ecological associations were studied using the genus </span><em>Lessingianthus</em><span> (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) as a model system. This genus is very complex from a cytogenetic point of view, with high cytotype diversity at the interspecific and intraspecific levels and with a continuous distribution throughout South America. So far, no previous studies have summarized chromosome count data for </span><em>Lessingianthus</em> or addressed the cytogeography of the genus. In this study, the ploidy levels of <em>Lessingianthus</em><span> species were determined by chromosome counts during mitosis and ecological niche modelling (ENM) was used to compare the environmental associations of the diploid and polyploid cytotypes. In total, 28 chromosome counts and six ploidy levels (2</span><em>x</em>, 4<em>x</em>, 6<em>x</em>, 8<em>x</em>, 10<em>x</em>, and 11<em>x</em><span>) were recorded. Among these counts, the chromosome numbers for three hexaploids with 2 </span><em>n</em> = 96 (<em>L. parvifolius</em>, <em>L. vepretorum</em> and <em>L.</em> “bolivianensis” sp. ined.) and one decaploid taxon with 2 <em>n</em> = 160 (<em>L. roseus</em>) were reported for the first time. In addition, a new cytotype for <em>L. laniferus</em> (2 <em>n</em> = 6<em>x</em><span> = 96) was also reported. The cytogeographic analysis resulted in detecting two geographic zones with high diversity of cytotypes and species. The ENMs showed that the areas of climatic suitability of diploids and polyploids are similar in extent, as well as the climatic requirements, showing high values of niche overlap within the environmental space. Our findings suggested that polyploidization in </span><em>Lessingianthus</em> has not caused expansion to novel environmental conditions and phylogenetic niche conservatism (PNC) may explain the lack of niche differentiation between diploids and polyploids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 125719"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45761001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does insular adaptation to subtropical conditions promote loss of plasticity over time?","authors":"C. García-Verdugo ,&nbsp;C. Douthe ,&nbsp;M. Francisco ,&nbsp;M. Ribas-Carbó ,&nbsp;J. Flexas ,&nbsp;X. Moreira","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2022.125713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2022.125713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phenotypic plasticity (i.e. the ability to express different phenotypes under changing environmental conditions) is thought to play a key role in habitat adaptation, but little is known about how trait plasticity evolves following dispersal into novel island habitats. We hypothesize that shifts from seasonal Mediterranean climates to more stable (subtropical) island conditions would promote a net reduction in trait plasticity over time. To test this hypothesis, we set two common gardens with contrasting environmental (low resource vs. mesic) conditions, where we grew seedlings of wild olive (<em>Olea europaea</em> var. <em>sylvestris</em>) populations that represented two Canary Island lineages with different colonization times (old vs. young) and their Mediterranean ancestral lineage (N = 275 individuals). Plasticity was assessed for 12 morphological, photosynthetic and chemical traits by (i) subjecting half of the seedlings to simulated herbivore browsing (50% of aerial biomass removal) and (ii) comparing phenotypic values between both common garden settings. Simulated herbivore browsing induced few plastic responses, mostly restricted to photosynthetic traits, but these were similarly displayed by all lineages. Comparisons between common gardens revealed a contrasting response between the Mediterranean and both subtropical island lineages in leaf phenotypes. Furthermore, the older island lineage showed an overall lack of plasticity (i.e. environmental canalization) in morphological and chemical traits. These results suggest that, unlike photosynthetic traits that are fundamental for fast acclimation to environmental shifts, some developmental traits may lose plasticity over time as a result of phenotypic adjustment to subtropical insular conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 125713"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49042136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical biogeography of Cannabis in the Iberian Peninsula: A probabilistic approach using palynological evidence","authors":"V. Rull ,&nbsp;F. Burjachs ,&nbsp;J.S. Carrión ,&nbsp;A. Ejarque ,&nbsp;S. Fernández ,&nbsp;J.A. López-Sáez ,&nbsp;R. Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger ,&nbsp;J. Ochando ,&nbsp;S. Pérez-Díaz ,&nbsp;J. Revelles ,&nbsp;S. Riera ,&nbsp;S. Rodríguez","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2022.125704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2022.125704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The tempo and mode of colonization of the Iberian Peninsula (IP) by <em>Cannabis sativa</em>, its further internal spreading and the potential cultural and environmental factors involved remain unknown. The available continental-wide European meta-analyses using pollen and archeological evidence account for only a few IP sites, insufficient for a sound assessment. This paper presents a nearly comprehensive database of almost 60 IP sites with palynological evidence of <em>Cannabis</em> and analyzes the corresponding spatiotemporal patterns. The first scattered records of this pollen type date from the Middle and Upper Paleolithic (150–12 kyr BP) and would have entered the IP by maritime Mediterranean or terrestrial continental pathways, or both. A first burst of introductions, probably in a cultivated form, would have occurred during the Neolithic (7–5 kyr BP) using similar paths. Human participation in these Neolithic introductions remains unclear but cannot be dismissed. A period of reduced <em>Cannabis</em> arrivals (mostly via maritime pathway) occurred between the Chalcolithic and the Roman Epoch (4.5–2 kyr BP), when the innermost parts of the IP were colonized (Late Bronze). A second, likely anthropogenic, introduction acceleration took place in the Middle Ages (1.5 kyr BP onward) using the Mediterranean and the continental pathways. Maximum cultivation and hemp retting activity was recorded during the Modern Ages (16th-19th centuries), coinciding with the increased demand of hemp fiber to supply the Spanish royal navy for imperial expansion and commerce. A potential link between <em>Cannabis</em> colonization/introduction bursts and climatic warmings has been observed that should be tested with future studies. Regional moisture variations seem to be less influential. Further efforts to enhance and improve the database used in this study are encouraged. The results of this paper should be compared with archeological and historical evidence to clarify the role of human migrations and cultural changes in the historical biogeography of <em>Cannabis</em> in the IP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 125704"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44660748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ecosystem effects of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in northern Fennoscandia: Past, present and future","authors":"Sari Stark ,&nbsp;Tim Horstkotte ,&nbsp;Jouko Kumpula ,&nbsp;Johan Olofsson ,&nbsp;Hans Tømmervik ,&nbsp;Minna Turunen","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2022.125716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2022.125716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The semi-domesticated nature of the reindeer (<em>Rangifer tarandus</em> L.) makes it a distinct case among the world’s herbivores. Here, we review the literature on how reindeer shape vegetation and soil carbon and nitrogen cycles in northernmost Fennoscandia. We first describe main historical events that shaped the present-day grazing patterns in the different countries, then discuss the methodological considerations needed for interpreting evidence from grazer exclosures in ecological and environmental contexts. We argue that it is critical to be aware that these experiments do not measure the effect of grazing per se, but rather, they measure the responses of existing ecosystem structure and function to the sudden cessation of grazing in an environment, which was to a large degree shaped by it. Studies show that the direction and the magnitude of the effects of reindeer on vegetation and soil processes vary across habitats and depend on both the current land-uses and the historically formed grazing regimes; knowledge of the history is thus a key prerequisite for understanding the role of reindeer in ecosystems. As a general trend, reindeer affect soil nutrient cycles to a stronger extent in subarctic than in boreal ecosystems. In sites where reindeer have changed soil nutrient availability, they indirectly modify vegetation and productivity even after the cessation of grazing. We reason that the concepts of cultural and natural landscapes are not mutually exclusive in the case of reindeer ranges. Understanding how the intensity and seasonal timing of both past and present grazing direct ecosystem changes under climate warming is crucial for predicting future ecosystem structures and functioning in northern Fennoscandia as well as ecosystems in general.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 125716"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46563856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular phylogenetic tools reveal the phytogeographic history of the genus Capparis L. and suggest its reclassification","authors":"Satish Maurya ,&nbsp;Xavier Cornejo ,&nbsp;Changyoung Lee ,&nbsp;Soo-Yong Kim ,&nbsp;Do Van Hai ,&nbsp;Ritesh Kumar Choudhary","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2023.125720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2023.125720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><em>Capparis</em></span><span><span> is the largest genus of the family Capparaceae, represented by 142 species in the tropics and </span>subtropics of the Old World. Despite being one of the medicinally and economically important genera with its unique distribution pattern, the evolutionary history of </span><em>Capparis</em><span> remained unexplored. Moreover, the phylogenetic relationships, origin, dispersal, and character evolution of the genus were poorly understood. With the objectives to (i) test the congruence between the molecular and morphological datasets, (ii) validate Jacobs' hypothesis on the origin, dispersal, and speciation pattern of </span><em>Capparis</em><span> using new fossil data, and (iii) understand the possible evolutionary role of some key morphological characters, we sampled across the five speciation centres of </span><em>Capparis</em>. The results derived from three plastidial markers (<em>matK</em>, <em>trnL-F</em> and <em>rbcL</em><span>) revealed incongruence with the morphology based delimitations and suggested a new sectional classification in </span><em>Capparis.</em> Divergence dating analysis revealed that Capparaceae originated in Africa at 47.25 MYA and <em>Capparis</em> in Peninsular India at about 29.32 MYA. <em>Capparis</em><span><span> followed multiple forward and backward dispersal, supporting the “into and out of India” hypothesis. These dispersal events were consistent with the various land bridges in different parts of the Old World during the Eocene to </span>Miocene. The only long-distance dispersal event was observed in the case of the New World Capparaceae, corroborating the earlier findings. Our results suggest West Asia to the North African region as another centre of speciation for </span><em>Capparis</em> and present a robust age estimate for the genus. The character state reconstruction of <em>Capparis</em><span> revealed a unique evolutionary adaptation due to exposure to various climatic conditions and the acquisition of suitable pollination strategies. We hypothesize that the gynophore length, sepal shape, and blotches on petals contribute substantially to the pollination success.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 125720"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43892618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological flora of Central Europe – Lupinus polyphyllus Lindley","authors":"R. Lutz Eckstein ,&nbsp;Erik Welk ,&nbsp;Yves P. Klinger ,&nbsp;Tommy Lennartsson ,&nbsp;Jörgen Wissman ,&nbsp;Kristin Ludewig ,&nbsp;Wiebke Hansen ,&nbsp;Satu Ramula","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2022.125715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2022.125715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The invasive herb <em>Lupinus polyphyllus</em> has been focus of a number of fact sheets worldwide but a comprehensive summary of the species’ taxonomy and morphology, distribution, habitat requirements, and biology has been lacking. This paper gives a thorough account of the species’ systematic position and taxonomy, highlighting the difficulties to delimit taxa, which is related to interbreeding among members of this genus. However, <em>L. polyphyllus</em> var. <em>polyphyllus</em> is apparently the taxon that has naturalized and is regionally invasive in temperate-humid climates worldwide. We also present an updated distribution map of <em>L. polyphyllus</em> in the native and invaded ranges, which highlights seven regions in the world where the species has been established. We show that the climatic niche of <em>L. polyphyllus</em> in the invaded range shifts towards higher summer precipitation and lower isothermality, probably because the invaded range includes subcontinental regions of eastern Europe and western Siberia. The habitats of <em>L. polyphyllus</em> range from rather dry to wet, have moderately acidic to strongly acidic soils, and the species’ indicator values across Europe suggest that it occurs along a gradient from very nutrient poor sites to intermediate to rich sites from northern to southern Europe. The species shows high resistance to both drought and frost. In Central Europe, the species has a stronghold in alpic mountain hay meadows, abandoned meadows and pastures, low and medium altitude hay meadows, anthropogenic herb stands and temperate thickets and scrubs. In northern Europe, the species occurs in anthropogenic herb stands along roads and railroads as well as in abandoned pastures and fields. We also found some doubtful information about <em>L. polyphyllus</em> in the literature. This refers to its description as “rhizomatous perennial” although it lacks rhizomes; an apparently very high longevity of its seeds, which may only be true under artificial conditions in an ex situ seed repository; and a very deep rooting depth, which may not represent the average rooting depth but rather an extreme value. Knowledge about the interrelationships between the species’ future population dynamics and spread and ongoing climate warming is lacking. Finally, our review points out that there is currently no evidence-based strategy for a cost-efficient management of <em>L. polyphyllus</em> although it is among the most problematic non-native plant species in Europe due to its environmental and socio-economic impacts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 125715"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50192340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inbreeding depression changes with stress response over time in flooded Mimulus guttatus","authors":"Tobias M. Sandner,&nbsp;Anna Dotzert,&nbsp;Florian Gerken,&nbsp;Diethart Matthies","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2022.125697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2022.125697","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Inbreeding usually reduces offspring fitness (‘inbreeding depression’, ID), and may affect the plasticity of functional traits involved in the response to stress. ID is often found to increase under stress, but there are also reports of no effects or even a reduction of ID under stress. One reason for this variation that has received little attention may be related to different concepts of stress. In particular, the magnitude of ID may be unrelated to the effect of an environment on fitness (evolutionary stress concept), but increase particularly during the ‘alarm phase’ after a stress has been initiated (physiological stress concept). We clonally replicated inbred and outbred &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Mimulus guttatus&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; plants, for which ID was known to increase under flooding. We exposed the clonal replicates to control and flooding conditions and harvested replicates of each genotype after two, six and 11 weeks of growth. As functional traits related to stress response we measured &lt;/span&gt;chlorophyll fluorescence&lt;span&gt;, root mass and the production of stolons and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;adventitious roots. As fitness estimates we measured biomass and flower number, and we pollinated a subset of plants and grew a second generation of plants under control and flooding conditions to calculate multiplicative fitness. Overall, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;M. guttatus&lt;/em&gt; proved to be very flooding-tolerant. Chlorophyll fluorescence (F&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;/F&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt;) was not influenced by flooding, but decreased with leaf age and increased after fertilization. At the end of the experiment, biomass and flower number (F&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; generation) as well as multiplicative fitness (including performance in the F&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt; generation) were even higher under flooding than under control conditions. Flooding reduced the root mass in the pots, but increased the production of stolons and floating roots. Plasticity in these traits can be regarded as beneficial, although selection gradient analysis&lt;span&gt; failed to identify plasticity in stolon number as adaptive. Only two functional traits were influenced by an interaction between flooding and inbreeding, early stolon length (suggesting a reduced flooding escape response of inbred plants) and root tissue density of floating adventitious roots (suggesting a reduced aeration of the roots of inbred offspring). ID in fitness-related traits was higher under flooding, but its magnitude changed strongly over the course of the experiment. ID under flooding was particularly high after two weeks (δ = 0.42 vs. 0.05 in the control), suggesting sensitivity of inbred plants to the initiation of flooding (‘alarm phase’ of stress response). This effect had disappeared after 6 weeks when plants had acclimated to ongoing flooding. However, under flooding ID increased again after 11 weeks, this time because outbred plants grew much better under flooded than control conditions, and the same pattern was found for the multipli","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 125697"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42831490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}