Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics最新文献

{"title":"Gondwanan origin and foremost Miocene diversification explain the paleotropical intercontinental disjunction (PID) in the winged seed clade of Malvaceae","authors":"Samiksha Shukla ,&nbsp;Kajal Chandra ,&nbsp;Anumeha Shukla","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the biogeographic and diversification processes that explain current patterns of diversity in cosmopolitan groups is complex. We aimed to understand the historical biogeography by estimating the ancestral area of origin and diversification of tropical to subtropical plant genus <em>Eriolaena</em> DC. of the subfamily Dombeyoideae (family Malvaceae). To trace the evolutionary trajectory of this clade, fossil leaves exhibiting similarities to the modern genus <em>Eriolaena</em> are described here as <em>E. paleowallichii</em> from the early Paleogene succession of Rajasthan (India). This marks the first fossil record of <em>Eriolaena</em>, commonly known as the Winged Seed Clade (WSC), making this discovery crucial for understanding the evolutionary history of the clade. The Winged Seed Clade (WSC) of the subfamily Dombeyoideae initially included three genera: <em>Eriolaena</em>, <em>Helmiopsis</em>, and <em>Helmiopsiella</em>. However, subsequent taxonomic revisions, based on morphological and molecular studies, led to their consolidation under the genus <em>Eriolaena</em>. This winged clade shows a palaeotropical intercontinental disjunction (PID), mainly located in Southeast Asia, India, and Madagascar with only a single species in Africa. We assembled a dense sampling of the WSC throughout the current geographical distribution to reconstruct the historical biogeography of this clade. A detailed phylogenetic study indicates that the WSC diverged from its sister clade <em>Andringitra</em> in the lower Cretaceous (∼88 Mya, credibility intervals 72.39–105.35), the initial diversification of the WSC occurred around 74.15 Mya (credibility intervals 60.82–88.62 Mya) and broadly this clade was globally diversified in the Miocene. The DEC+J model indicated that (1) WSC likely originated in Madagascar around 79 Mya (2) jump-distance dispersal events were inferred between Madagascar to India and Madagascar to Africa, (3) ‘Out of India dispersals’ occurred mainly in the Miocene, allowing this clade to colonize in Southeast Asia. Biogeography and divergence dating indicate that the Miocene was an important epoch when this clade diversified globally. Our findings suggest that an ancient origin connected with a dispersal history enabled by terrestrial land bridges and long-distance dispersals is likely to explain the winged seed clade's palaeotropical intercontinental disjunction (PID).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 125842"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of Lophanthus and its allies (Lamiaceae)","authors":"Hamid Moazzeni ,&nbsp;Atefeh Pirani ,&nbsp;Farshid Memariani ,&nbsp;Saeide Hosseini ,&nbsp;Mohammad Bagher Erfanian ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Amiri ,&nbsp;Ernst Vitek ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Joharchi ,&nbsp;Klaus Mummenhoff ,&nbsp;Martin A. Lysak","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As one of the taxonomically complicated groups of the subfamily Nepetoideae (Lamiaceae), the <em>Hymenocrater</em>+<em>Lophanthus</em>+<em>Marmoritis</em> clade (<em>Lophanthus</em> s.l. clade) consists of approximately 40 species distributed from eastern to southwestern Asia. Due to the sparse taxon sampling, previous molecular and morphological studies have not been capable of rendering the phylogenetic position of this clade and relationships of its taxa. We performed a comprehensive molecular study of the <em>Hymenocrater</em>+<em>Lophanthus</em>+<em>Marmoritis</em> clade, including an extensive taxon sampling, using nrDNA (ITS and ETS) and cpDNA (<em>trn</em>L-<em>trn</em>F, <em>rps</em>16, and <em>rpl</em>32-<em>trn</em>L) sequences. Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches were used to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships, dating of diversification, and historical biogeography of this clade. Although the present study confirms the polyphyly of <em>Hymenocrater</em>, <em>Lophanthus</em> and <em>Marmoritis</em>, the phylogenetic results do not confirm the unity of <em>Lophanthus</em> and its allies with <em>Nepeta</em>. Therefore, the generic delimitation of <em>Lophanthus</em> s.l. and <em>Nepeta</em> is yet to be determined, requiring an examination and assessment of adding a large number of <em>Nepeta</em> species and their close relatives. Our results also indicate the need to redefine <em>Lophanthus</em> sensu Budantsev more broadly as <em>Lophanthus</em> s.l. by synonymizing <em>Hymenocrater</em> and <em>Marmoritis</em> within <em>Lophanthus</em>. Two morphological synapomorphies, i.e., the resupinate corolla and an annulate hairy calyx tube in the middle or throat, support this unity. Dating and biogeographical analyses confirm that <em>Lophanthus</em> s.l. originated in the eastern Irano-Turanian floristic region in the late Miocene and later migrated to the central part of this region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 125843"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An outline on the chemical phenotype flexibility of forest species: an eco-metabolomics study of Pinus uncinata along an altitudinal gradient","authors":"Albert Rivas-Ubach ,&nbsp;Ismael Aranda ,&nbsp;Jordi Sardans ,&nbsp;Yina Liu ,&nbsp;María Díaz de Quijano ,&nbsp;Ljiljana Paša-Tolić ,&nbsp;Michal Oravec ,&nbsp;Otmar Urban ,&nbsp;Josep Peñuelas","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The altitudinal distribution of plant populations is mainly determined by a set of environmental variables, including temperature, water availability, UV radiation, among others, which gradually shift with elevation. Therefore, altitudinal gradients in ecology could serve as \"natural laboratories\" providing insights into the phenotypic flexibility of natural plant populations. Plants can adjust their phenotypes to cope with specific environments. However, the adjustment capacity directly depends on the plasticity and flexibility of plant phenotypes. Plants growing at the edges of their distribution gradients may present limited flexibility due to the sub-optimal environmental conditions they experience. We analyzed the foliar metabolomes of a mountain pine population in the Pyrenees to assess their chemical phenotypic flexibility along an altitudinal gradient. We found significant changes in foliar metabolomes across different altitudes, with the most contrasting foliar metabolomes observed at the lowest and highest altitudes. Trees growing at the boundaries of the altitudinal distribution considerably shifted their foliar metabolome compared to those at more central locations with an overall upregulation of sugars, amino acids, and antioxidants. Metabolomics analyses suggested higher oxidative activity at lower altitude, presumably due to the drier and warmer conditions. However, oxidative stress indicators were also detected at the tree line, potentially associated with chilling, UV, and tropospheric O₃ exposure. In addition to the inability of many species to keep pace with the rapid speed of climate change by migrating upward in altitude or latitude to find more optimum environments, their migration to higher elevations may be hindered by the presence of other environmental factors at high altitudes. Eco-metabolomics studies along environmental gradients can provide crucial insights into the chemical phenotypic flexibility of natural plant populations while providing pivotal clues regarding which plant metabolic pathway are prioritized to cope with specific environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 125844"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in functional traits among different mycorrhizal types and life history stages of temperate broadleaf tree species","authors":"Mingyuan Lu ,&nbsp;Guangze Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exploring the variation in functional traits in plants from different perspectives not only helps reveal the adaptation of plants to their environment but also reflects the ecological strategies of plants. In this study, three species of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees and three species of ectomycorrhizal (EM) trees were selected in the Heilongjiang Liangshui National Nature Reserve. To investigate the similarities and differences between the functional traits of the two mycorrhizal types of trees at different life history stages, hydraulic traits, anatomical traits, leaf functional traits, and stoichiometry of each species were measured at different life history stages. Traits such as mean vessel area, hydraulic weighted vessel diameter and nitrogen content appeared to be relatively important traits in this study, and all traits were more strongly correlated in AM trees. The sapwood-specific hydraulic conductivity, leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity, vessel density, vessel lumen fraction, nitrogen content and phosphorus content of EM species were significantly higher than those of AM species, while the total vessel area, mean vessel area, hydraulic weighted vessel diameter and density of primary leaf veins of EM species were significantly lower than those of AM species. The leaf mass per area and leaf dry matter content of saplings were significantly lower than those of juvenile trees and adult trees. Most of the trait variation interspecific and intraspecific, and the variability of hydraulic and anatomical traits such as sapwood-specific hydraulic conductivity, leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity, vessel density and total vessel area was relatively large. Leaf dry matter content, hydraulic weighted vessel diameter, vessel density and the vessel lumen fraction contributed significantly to whole branch hydraulic conductivity. It is evident that plastic adjustment and synergistic variation in functional traits are important mechanisms by which plants with different mycorrhizal types and at different life history stages can adapt to different environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 125833"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought resistance and drought adaptation of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) – A review","authors":"Christoph Leuschner ,&nbsp;Frederick C. Meinzer","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise in temperatures with climate warming exposes trees and forests on Earth to a triple threat through increased soil drought, enhanced atmospheric drought, and growing heat stress. Understanding which tree species are susceptible to mortality under a more arid future climate is urgent. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of the drought and heat response of Douglas-fir (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em>, DF) in all relevant fields of research, spanning from stomatal regulation and photosynthetic responses, plant water status dynamics and the vulnerability of the hydraulic system, to adaptive responses of the root system, the climate sensitivity of growth, and climate change-related tree vitality declines and die-off. The species’ high productivity is linked to large leaf areas at maturity, which cause fairly high interception and transpiration rates and often result in effective soil moisture depletion and reduced groundwater recharge. While hydraulic safety is high in DF branch xylem, embolism seems common in the xylem of terminal branchlets and small roots during summer drought. The existing evidence suggests that the photosynthetic apparatus and growth rate of DF are fairly heat-sensitive in comparison to other tree species, with impairment of photosynthesis starting at temperatures of ∼40 °C. A key growth-limiting factor is a high atmospheric saturation deficit, which causes partial stomatal closure and growth decline in summer, explaining high productivity in more humid maritime climates. We explore population, provenance and variety differences in the resistance to drought and heat and the related capacity to adapt, and compare the performance of Douglas-fir to that of other tree species. Across provenances and families, trade-offs between productivity and drought resistance, cold resistance and heat resistance have emerged, and more drought-resistant provenances are often less cold-hardy. Recent hot droughts have caused vitality decline and local stand-level die-off in DF in the drier parts of the U.S. and in some European regions. For the economically important coastal variety (<em>P. m.</em> var<em>. menziesii</em>), the existing evidence suggests considerable vulnerability to a future warmer and drier climate, especially in the warmer lowlands, while the interior variety (<em>P. m.</em> var<em>. glauca</em>) may perform better. Perspectives for the silviculture of Douglas fir in a warmer world are outlined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 125829"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Difference in reproductive traits of two sympatric species of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae) throughout their distribution range: Are they context-dependent?","authors":"Adan Alberto Avalos ,&nbsp;María Silvia Ferrucci ,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Torretta","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Populations of widely distributed plants may experience varying climatic or ecological conditions, leading to uneven evolution of reproductive traits. However, studies on reproductive biology usually focus on just one, or rarely two, sampling areas. In this study, we performed a geographical comparative analysis of the flowering pattern, pollination biology and breeding system of <em>Stigmaphyllon bonariense</em> and <em>S. jatrophifolium</em> (Malpighiaceae) throughout their natural distribution in Argentina, classifying them as ‘northern’ or ‘southern’ according to their geographic location. For this, we selected 4 populations for <em>S. bonariense</em> and 3 for <em>S. jatrophifolium</em> to characterized the flowering peak at both the individual (IFP) and population (PFP) levels, the floral display per inflorescence, the richness of Malpighiaceae species and their pollinators, and the stigmatic and body pollen loads of the pollinators. In addition, we performed manipulative experiments to determine the breeding system. Our results showed that the duration of flowering phenology and the floral display vary between northern and southern populations of both species. These traits include flowering duration and the number of flowers at anthesis per inflorescence (floral display). In addition, the pollination context exhibited latitudinal differences in species richness, phenology, body size of oil-collecting bees, and visitation frequency. Besides, the number of co-flowering Malpighiaceae species varied among populations. However, no considerable differences were observed among populations in terms of stigmatic and body pollen load in pollinators of both species. The breeding system was invariable and consistent in both species with self-incompatibility (SI). These findings suggest that certain reproductive traits of both <em>Stigmaphyllon</em> species are context-dependent and would allow the species maximise reproductive success in each population. Therefore, our results demonstrate that large-scale geographical studies (i.e., several populations with different climatic conditions) and the analysis of various phenological traits are necessary to better understand the reproductive biology of plant species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 125830"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Puzzling androecium development in Bauhinia galpinii (Fabaceae) facilitates wing pollination by butterflies","authors":"Andrews V.S. Silva ,&nbsp;Steven D. Johnson ,&nbsp;Vidal F. Mansano ,&nbsp;Louis P. Ronse De Craene ,&nbsp;Giseli D. Pedersoli ,&nbsp;Juliana V. Paulino","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Floral adaptation to pollinators often involves key modifications of floral development. We investigated floral development and its function for pollination in <em>Bauhinia galpinii</em>, a legume species native to eastern and southern Africa with a unique arrangement of stamens and staminodes. Flowers and floral buds at different stages were prepared for observation under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Light Microscopy (ML), and X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT). Pollinator observations were conducted in populations in southern Africa and floral advertising and reward traits were quantified. Five (rarely six) sepals emerge helically, followed by the petal primordia in unidirectional order. The carpel arises synchronously with the stamens and expands rapidly. Stamen initiation occurs unidirectionally, with three abaxial antesepalous stamens fully developing while other stamen primordia remain sterile and underdeveloped (staminodial). The number of adaxial staminode tips can fluctuate by branching, regardless of their original whorl. Concentric collateral bundles supply all the staminodes. Swallowtail butterflies transfer pollen through their fluttering wings that touch the abaxial anthers and stigma while feeding on nectar in the hypanthium located on the adaxial side. <em>Bauhinia galpinii</em> exhibits an androecium characterised by secondary, unstable branching of staminodes, which form adaptive structures suited to its pollinators. The variation in androecium structure may be attributed to heterochronic changes during development, marked by an early carpel initiation and its basal expansion leading to spatial restriction. This ontogenetic contingency, associated with selective pressures from pollinators, notably swallowtail butterflies, seems to play a role in selecting this complex and distinct floral architecture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 125832"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate-dependent distribution of Lemna minor, L. turionifera and L. × japonica (Lemnaceae) in temperate Eurasia and high variability of their genome size","authors":"Polina A. Volkova ,&nbsp;Maria O. Ivanova ,&nbsp;Denis Yu. Efimov ,&nbsp;Elena V. Chemeris ,&nbsp;Yulia S. Vinogradova ,&nbsp;Oleg G. Grishutkin ,&nbsp;Nikita K. Konotop ,&nbsp;Lyudmila A. Efimova ,&nbsp;Nikita P. Tikhomirov ,&nbsp;Nadezhda V. Zueva ,&nbsp;Alexander A. Bobrov","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In spite of a burst of duckweed biology studies, understanding their diversity is still in progress. We examined 174 reliably-identified (intron length polymorphism in TUBB1) samples of the <em>Lemna minor</em> complex from East Europe and North Asia (41 localities of <em>L. minor</em>, 58 localities of <em>L. turionifera</em>, and 75 localities of their hybrid, <em>L.</em> × <em>japonica</em>) and described clear patterns of their distribution. It is mainly determined by climatic preferences (i.e., the ability to survive unfavorable conditions). Namely, the ranges of <em>L. minor</em> and <em>L. turionifera</em> in the lowlands are separated by the Urals, with populations located west and east of these mountains respectively and coinciding with an eastward increase of climate continentality. However, historical (i.e. European origin of the species) and not ecological factors should explain the absence of <em>L. minor</em> in rather mild climate of the southern Russian Far East. The hybrid has an intermediate ability to tolerate continental climate, and co-occurs with one of its parents. In southern mountains (the Caucasus and Tian-Shan) the three taxa are separated by local climate conditions, determined by the terrain. We revealed high continuous variability of genome sizes within each taxon (two-fold in <em>L. minor</em> and <em>L. turionifera</em>; three-fold in <em>L.</em> × <em>japonica</em>), which is not explained by environmental factors. We propose an approach for distinguishing these three taxa in temperate Eurasia using morphology. We have not documented the invasive spread of <em>L. aequinoctialis</em>, <em>L. minuta</em> and <em>L. turionifera</em> in East Europe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 125831"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142594148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ecological and evolutionary approach to arboreal communities under different environmental stress conditions","authors":"Carolina Njaime Mendes ,&nbsp;Vanessa Leite Rezende ,&nbsp;Ravi Fernandes Mariano ,&nbsp;Cléber Rodrigo de Souza ,&nbsp;Rubens Manoel dos Santos ,&nbsp;Marco Aurélio Leite Fontes","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biodiversity distribution patterns and the ecological processes underlying them reflect how organisms respond to abiotic and biotic factors that interact across both space and time. In this study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that small-scale environmental variations shape ecological and phylogenetic patterns in arboreal communities through environmental filters created by the specific conditions of each environment examined. We investigated a mosaic of Atlantic forest environments, analyzing species composition, community dynamics, and phylogenetic relationships among the various environments. This approach provided valuable insight into how environmental factors influence the ecological differentiation of these communities. Variations in conditions and resources produced environmental filters that resulted in significant small-scale heterogeneity in species composition, community dynamics, and evolutionary relationships among the environments. By considering the dynamic interations between biotic and abiotic factors, we conclude that the prevailing environmental conditions at these sites play a crucial role in shaping the behavior and distribution of the species that inhabit them.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 125828"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring standardized functional leaf traits of aquatic carnivorous plants – challenges and opportunities","authors":"Rossano Bolpagni ,&nbsp;Adamec Lubomír ,&nbsp;Dalla Vecchia Alice","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquatic carnivorous plants (ACP) are an important component of humic nutrient-poor freshwater environments. However, these habitats are facing multiple impacts that ultimately lead to habitat degradation and declining ACP populations. Functional traits, particularly those within the leaf economics spectrum, are a valuable tool for studying plant adaptation strategies and plasticity. Given their unique morphological structure, ACP are essentially excluded from functional comparisons, which potentially limits our knowledge about the ecological roles of these species compared to non-carnivorous ones. In this study, we developed a protocol for measuring the leaf functional traits of ACP (leaf fresh and dry weight, leaf area, leaf dry matter content, specific leaf area, leaf pigment content, leaf phosphorus, nitrogen and carbon contents), and carnivory-related traits (number of traps and investment in carnivory). We measured 15 traits in seven ACP species (<em>Aldrovanda vesiculosa</em>, <em>Utricularia australis</em>, <em>U. bremii</em>, <em>U. intermedia</em>, <em>U. ochroleuca</em>, <em>U. stygia, U. vulgaris</em>), grown in the outdoor collection of aquatic and wetland plants of the Institute of Botany CAS at Třeboň, the Czech Republic. We used the functional traits of other macrophyte groups/species (lemnids, <em>Nuphar lutea</em>, <em>Ceratophyllum demersum</em>), collected with a similar methodology, to assess the comparability of ACP traits. We identified the “functional unit”, a modular structure, including one leaf node, plus an internode, which performs the function of a leaf in ACP, and selected its position along the stem to reflect species-specific growth rates. We collected 714 new trait records for the target ACP. Based on a multivariate trait space representation (PCA), ACP were distinct from the other macrophyte groups/species, which highlights these species’ structural and physiological peculiarities. Nonetheless, ACP entirely overlapped the comparison data along the first PCA axis, and most of the traits lay within the ranges observed for other macrophyte groups/species, which demonstrates the comparability of the ACP traits measured by the new protocol. Applying this protocol in ecological studies could shed light on the adaptations of ACP to environmental variability, with important conservation implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 125826"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1433831924000490/pdfft?md5=06272a42e999dacce4edfc4a9212e1d8&pid=1-s2.0-S1433831924000490-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}