Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics最新文献

{"title":"Local adaptation to an altitudinal gradient: The interplay between mean phenotypic trait variation and phenotypic plasticity in Mimulus laciniatus","authors":"Jill M. Love,&nbsp;Kathleen G. Ferris","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Organisms can adapt to environmental heterogeneity through two mechanisms: (1) expression of population genetic variation or (2) phenotypic plasticity. In this study we investigated whether patterns of variation in both trait means and phenotypic plasticity along elevational and latitudinal clines in a North American endemic plant, <em>Mimulus laciniatus</em>, were consistent with local adaptation. We grew inbred lines of <em>M. laciniatus</em> from across the species’ range in two common gardens varying in day length to measure mean and plastic trait expression in several traits previously shown to be involved in adaptation to <em>M. laciniatus’s</em> rocky outcrop microhabitat: flowering time, size-related traits, and leaf shape. We tested for phenotypic plasticity and GxE, examined correlations between the mean phenotype and plasticity, and tested for a relationship between trait variation and population elevation and latitude. We did not find a strong correlation between mean and plastic trait expression at the individual genotype level suggesting that they operate under independent genetic controls. We identified multiple traits that show patterns consistent with local adaptation to elevation: critical photoperiod, flowering time, flower size, mean leaf lobing, and leaf lobing plasticity. These trends occur along multiple geographically independent altitudinal clines indicating that selection is a more likely cause of this pattern than gene flow among nearby populations with similar trait values. We also found that population variation in mean leaf lobing is associated with latitude. Our results indicate that both having more highly lobed leaves and greater leaf shape plasticity may be adaptive at high elevation within <em>M. laciniatus.</em> Our data strongly suggest that traits known to be under divergent selection between <em>M. laciniatus</em> and close relative <em>Mimulus guttatus</em> are also under locally varying selection within <em>M. laciniatus</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1433831924000180/pdfft?md5=188d4cbb728221a3ba79b557f488056c&pid=1-s2.0-S1433831924000180-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140633230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic differentiation of the Capparis spinosa group in the Mediterranean area","authors":"Youmna Melzi ,&nbsp;Francesca La Bella ,&nbsp;Alessandro Silvestre Gristina ,&nbsp;Marcello Zerbo ,&nbsp;Douadi Khelifi ,&nbsp;Sakina Bechkri ,&nbsp;Guglielmo Puccio ,&nbsp;Francesco Carimi ,&nbsp;Silvio Fici ,&nbsp;Francesco Mercati","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The <em>Capparis spinosa</em> group is represented in the Mediterranean by a complex of taxa widespread in North Africa, the Middle East, and southern Europe. The taxonomy of this group used to be based on morphological characters with little work on the genetics of the group, and there is still much to be learned about its evolutionary history and diversification. We sampled 431 individuals of two subspecies and five varieties of <em>C. spinosa</em> and analysed them using highly informative EST-SSR markers to evaluate the population genetic diversity, structure and differentiation of the species in the Mediterranean. In addition, comparisons with the genetic profiles of <em>C. spinosa</em> subsp. <em>cartilaginea,</em> the putative ancestral taxon were made to investigate the phylogeographic history and possible gene flow across taxa. Integrated Bayesian approaches showed: <em>i)</em> a high divergence among <em>C. spinosa</em> subsp. <em>spinosa</em> var. <em>canescens</em>, <em>C. spinosa</em> subsp. <em>spinosa</em> var. <em>aegyptia</em> and the three varieties belonging to <em>C. spinosa</em> subsp. <em>rupestris</em> (var. <em>rupestris</em>, var. <em>ovata</em> and var. <em>myrtifolia</em>), with a clear separation between var. <em>aegyptia</em> and var. <em>canescens</em> which allows to consider var. <em>aegyptia</em> as a subspecies of <em>C. spinosa</em>; <em>ii)</em> a significant correlation between genetic divergence and geographic distance between the five varieties studied; <em>iii)</em> that the different varieties in the Mediterranean may have been derived from <em>C. spinosa</em> subsp. <em>cartilaginea</em>. Further genomic investigations are required to confirm our results. However, the findings presented allows us to suggest the genus <em>Capparis</em> can be considered a model for the study of the gene flow and differentiation in species occurring in a wide range of habitats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1433831924000179/pdfft?md5=a710d329c6d1499c2c5edc3d4d4dfbed&pid=1-s2.0-S1433831924000179-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140549556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the hypotheses of endemic richness: A study case in the Southwestern Alps","authors":"Maria Guerrina ,&nbsp;Davide Dagnino ,&nbsp;Luigi Minuto ,&nbsp;Frédéric Médail ,&nbsp;Gabriele Casazza","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Areas where range-restricted species are concentrated are of importance for conservation. However, most of the studies aim at identifying areas rich in endemics for conservation planning, while few studies aim at understanding the causal factors of endemic richness. Here, our goal is to identify the determinants of endemic richness within a centre of endemism, the Southwestern European Alps, by testing four non-mutually exclusive hypotheses that have been proposed to explain patterns of endemic richness. In particular, we examined to what extent temporal and spatial climatic stability and environmental heterogeneity are related to endemic richness. Almost all hypotheses partially support the observed patterns of plant endemics richness within the SW Alps. In general, most of the relationships between environmental variables and endemic richness are statistically significant. However, the highest effect in explaining endemic richness is found for climate change velocity and standard deviation of slope, two factors affecting the possibility of species to disperse. This is in line with the idea that endemics are strongly limited by dispersal and not only by climate. Our results suggest that in regions where the effects of past climate changes were less dramatic endemic richness results from the interaction of species dispersal with regional and specific historical factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1433831924000155/pdfft?md5=2c498fef6d3ce3261664758f9fe78fc9&pid=1-s2.0-S1433831924000155-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140545797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of biogeographical distribution of grasses in grasslands of South America","authors":"Helena Streit ,&nbsp;Rodrigo S. Bergamin ,&nbsp;Bianca O. Andrade ,&nbsp;Alice Altesor ,&nbsp;Felipe Lezama ,&nbsp;Susana Perelman ,&nbsp;Sandra C. Müller ,&nbsp;Gerhard E. Overbeck","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Current distribution of C₃ and C₄ grasses is often explained by contrasting environmental conditions. Regions where C₃ and C₄ grasses coexist, as the Southeastern South America grasslands (SESA grasslands), provides an excellent opportunity to investigate the evolutionary imprints of grasses through clade distribution patterns. Here, we aimed to understand how ecological and evolutionary processes affect the phylogenetic diversity of grass communities along 666 sites located in a latitudinal gradient ranging from 26°S to 38°S in SESA grasslands (Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay). We applied generalized linear models (GLM) to understand the role of the different environmental and historical drivers that shape the proportion of C₃ grasses distribution in SESA grasslands. The effect of latitude on phylogenetic beta-diversity patterns among the vegetation surveys was evaluated through principal coordinates of phylogenetic structure. Contribution of C₃ species increased southwards (R² = 0.40, P&lt;0.001). C₃ species are more likely to occur in colder areas with higher historical temperature stability, reflecting lineages that have specialized and radiated in cold environments (GLM results: R² = 0.37, P&lt;0.01). Climatically stable areas are the coldest, while unstable areas include warmer habitats, which enabled colonization by C₄ species. Regarding soil conditions, C₃ grasses are more likely to occur in more fertile soils and with low capacity to retain water (GLM results: pseudo-R² = 0.37, P&lt;0.01). We found that phylogeny has an important role as a structuring agent of grass communities across our study region, indicating turnover of grass lineages along the latitudinal gradient. Grass species found at the northern portion of the gradient belong mostly to the clade which contain both C₄ and C₃ species. At the southern part of the gradient, communities are dominated by grasses belonging to a C₃-exclusive clade. The distribution of grass clades across the SESA grasslands is indicative of the environmental gradients found in this region between temperate and tropical zones, describing a climate space where disturbance driven feedbacks play a major role in maintaining open vegetation. Our results contribute to the understanding of ecological and evolutionary drivers of grass distribution in the region that up to now has been poorly described.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140558040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divergent reproductive responses of Caatinga dry forest plants to leaf-cutting ant herbivory","authors":"Isabelle L.H. Silva ,&nbsp;Fernanda M.P. Oliveira ,&nbsp;Talita Câmara ,&nbsp;Rainer Wirth ,&nbsp;Ariadna V. Lopes ,&nbsp;Inara R. Leal","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Herbivory is one of the key processes shaping life history traits linked to plant fitness and the leaf-cutting ants are amongst the most voracious and polyphagous herbivores of the Neotropics. They extensively harvest aboveground plant parts to grow their symbiotic fungus, including vegetative and reproductive tissues. Although leaf-cutting ant herbivory is expected to reduce plant reproductive success, the potentially different outputs of damage to vegetative and reproductive parts are still poorly known. This study investigates the influence of <em>Atta opaciceps</em> herbivory on the reproductive success of three plant species native to the Caatinga dry forest: <em>Croton argyrophylloides</em> (Euphorbiaceae), <em>Cenostigma pyramidale</em>, and <em>Indigofera suffruticosa</em> (Leguminosae). We selected 10 adult and active nests of <em>A. opaciceps</em> based on the presence of individuals of the three focal plant species in their vicinity. For each colony, we marked four individuals of each plant species (totaling 12 individuals per colony), which were then subjected to one of four herbivory treatments: (1) ant herbivory on both reproductive and vegetative parts, (2) manually simulated herbivory on the reproductive parts alone, (3) ant herbivory exclusively on vegetative parts, and (4) no herbivory. From January to April 2020, we monitored all 120 individuals, recording the number of inflorescences, flower buds, flowers, fruits, and the proportion of flowers maturing into fruits (fruit set, as a proxy of reproductive success). Results revealed variations in reproductive structure production and divergent responses to leaf-cutting ant herbivory among our focal species. In terms of inflorescence, flower bud production, and fruit set <em>C. argyrophylloides</em> showed reduced numbers when subjected to higher levels of total herbivory (reproductive and vegetative parts), but increased inflorescence and flower bud production when plants suffered only leaf damage. <em>Cenostigma pyramidale</em> individuals under partial herbivory displayed lower flower bud numbers than protected ones. In contrast, <em>I. suffruticosa</em> displayed conflicting results, with fully exposed plants producing more inflorescences than partially exposed counterparts and more flowers than leaf-damaged and protected individuals. Despite the varied effects on different plant parts across all three study species, the overall reproductive success (i.e. fruit set) of only one species (<em>C. argyrophylloides</em>) was significantly reduced by leaf-cutting ant herbivory. The resilience of the two other plant species to leaf-cutting ant pressure may be attributed to compensatory mechanisms, shedding light on the intricate interplay between herbivores and plants in the Caatinga dry forest. As leaf-cutting ants proliferate in response to anthropogenic disturbances, the patterns described in this study may become more pronounced, potentially affecting the organization of p","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140542660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A complex biosystematic approach to reveal evolutionary and diversity patterns in West Asian brambles (Rubus subgen. Rubus, Rosaceae)","authors":"Razieh Kasalkheh ,&nbsp;Saeed Afsharzadeh ,&nbsp;Michal Sochor","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>West Asia, with its high mountain ranges and glacial refugia, stands out as a biodiversity hotspot for various plant taxa, including the taxonomically complex <em>Rubus</em> subgen. <em>Rubus</em>. Despite this significance, our understanding of the evolutionary processes shaping this group in the region has been limited. We employed an integrative approach combining flow cytometry, Sanger sequencing of two plastid regions, microsatellite genotyping, and double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing to characterize evolutionary and diversity patterns in West Asian brambles. We identified four diploid and two sexual tetraploid species, with the remaining diversity comprising apomictic tetra- and triploids, mostly belonging to <em>R.</em> ser. <em>Discolores</em>, and sexual pentaploid hybrids/hybridogens derived from <em>R. caesius</em>. <em>Rubus dolichocarpus</em>, newly reported here as diploid, emerged as a significant ancestor for many polyploids. Most apomictic genotypes are locally distributed and only three genotypes exhibit extremely large ranges from Armenia to Kyrgyzstan and from Georgia to Iran. These genotypes are probably of an ancient (Pleistocene) European origin and likely laid the foundations for the evolution of apomicts in West Asia, whose diversification was subsequently boosted by the genetic contribution of sexual taxa. DNA markers confirmed the West Asian origin of <em>Rubus armeniacus</em>, a globally significant invasive species, yet rare in its native range. We report on the first indigenous occurrence of this species based on microsatellite genotyping. Our findings contribute to filling existing gaps in understanding the evolution and diversity of <em>Rubus</em> subgen. <em>Rubus</em> in West Asia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140169809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herbivory as a continuous state variable in an IPM: Increasing herbivory decreases population growth of Asclepias syriaca through its effects on clonal reproduction","authors":"Harmony J. Dalgleish ,&nbsp;Abigail A.R. Kula ,&nbsp;Sivan S. Yair ,&nbsp;Ivan Munkres ,&nbsp;Joshua Mutterperl ,&nbsp;Soren Struckman ,&nbsp;M. Drew LaMar","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Herbivory is among the most well-studied biotic interactions, yet most studies do not incorporate effects on both sexual and clonal plant reproduction or the consequences of different amounts of tissue lost, i.e., herbivory severity. We address both of these gaps using a novel extension of an Integral Projection Model of <em>Asclepias syriaca</em> that uses both plant size and herbivory severity as continuous predictors of ramet population growth rate. Herbivory severity was a significant predictor of survival, growth, as well as sexual and clonal reproduction. We saw these effects using both observational data from across seven sites and five years as well as an experimental approach where we removed plant tissue. Increases in all three aspects of herbivory (probability of herbivory, and the mean and the variation among individuals in herbivory severity) led to decreases in population growth. Population growth rate decreased with herbivory largely due to negative effects of herbivory on clonal reproduction. Our approach to IPMs offers a powerful way to understand the individual-level effects of several aspects of herbivory on plant population growth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139922280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Desiccation of undamaged grasses in the topsoil causes Namibia’s fairy circles – Response to Jürgens & Gröngröft (2023)","authors":"Stephan Getzin ,&nbsp;Hezi Yizhaq","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In a novel study, Getzin et al. (2022) have excavated 500 grasses at four regions of the Namib to systematically investigate the temporal process of how the young grasses die in fairy circles. Based on measurements of the root lengths, statistical testing, and comparative photo documentations the authors showed that sand termite herbivory did not cause the death of the freshly germinated grasses within fairy circles (FCs). Roots of those dead grasses were initially undamaged and even longer than those of the living grasses outside in the vegetation matrix, which is contrary to termite herbivory. The dying annual grasses within FCs had significantly higher root-to-shoot ratios than the vital grasses in the matrix, both of which can be attributed to the same grass-triggering rain event. This indicates that they died from water stress because the desiccating grasses invested biomass resources into roots, trying to reach the deeper soil layers with more moisture, but they failed.</p><p><span>Jürgens and Gröngröft (2023)</span> commented on our research findings. Here, we shed light on their statements by investigating the existing data evidence on the Namib fairy circles, which includes a thorough literature review about the proposed termite-feeding mechanism, as well as describing the properties of soil water within and around the FCs. Our review shows that there is no single study to date that has demonstrated with systematic field evidence in the form of root measurements and data from several regions of the Namib that the green germinating grasses within the FCs would be killed by root herbivory of sand termites.</p><p>We emphasize that the top 10 cm of soil in the FCs is very susceptible to drying out. In this topsoil layer, the freshly germinated grasses with their 10 cm long roots die quickly after rainfall due to lack of water, because these small plants cannot reach and utilize the higher soil moisture content, which is only found in deeper soil layers below the dry topsoil. Based on 400 measurements of soil moisture during the rainy season 2024, we show that the topsoil in the FCs is significantly drier than in the matrix outside. Finally, we show that the soil physical conditions allow a very high hydraulic conductivity that supports the “uptake-diffusion feedback” during the first weeks after grass-triggering rainfall. During the first two weeks, the soil moisture at 20 cm depth ranged for several rainfall events between 9% and 18% within the FCs, hence way above the 6–8% threshold below which the hydraulic conductivity strongly declines. Even 20 days after rainfall, soil moisture was still above 8%. During this biologically active period, new grasses germinate after about five days, the large perennial grasses along the FC edge resprout and strongly draw water with their established root system at 20–30 cm depth, and the freshly germinated grasses in the FCs desiccate and die within 10–20 days. With our continuous soil moisture m","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1433831924000039/pdfft?md5=794681d93b3b7ae8c40eb0a281c38957&pid=1-s2.0-S1433831924000039-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140162801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Out of Africa: Linked continents, overland migration and differential survival explain abundance of Proteaceae in Australia","authors":"Byron B. Lamont ,&nbsp;Tianhua He ,&nbsp;Lynne A. Milne ,&nbsp;Richard M. Cowling","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The centres of diversification of the iconic family Proteaceae are in South Africa and southern Australia. Since the ancestors of the family can be traced to NW Africa our task was to explain how all subfamilies (Proteoideae, Grevilleoideae, Persoonioideae) managed to reach Australia and we propose the pathway: (Africa (N South America (S South America (Antarctica (Australia))))). Our dated molecular phylogeny shows that the family arose 132 million years ago (Ma), and by 125 Ma had separated into the three subfamilies that remain dominant today. The age and location of records for 420 fossil pollen with Proteaceae affinities were collated per continent and submitted to curve-fitting analysis. This showed spread of early Proteaceae into N South America from ∼121 Ma that was able to continue for another 20–25 My. These three subfamilies (plus <em>Carnarvonia</em>) travelled south through South America and Antarctica, crossing the Weddellian Isthmus from ∼110 Ma, to reach southern Australia by ∼104 Ma. The history of Proteaceae in South America mimics that of Africa, where Grevilleoideae diversified instead of Proteoideae that died out. Entry to Australia via Antarctica was possible until ∼70 Ma at its SW corner and 45 Ma at its SE (Tasmanian) corner enabling the three subfamilies (and <em>Carnarvonia</em>) restricted entry into Australia over 35–60 million years. The SW Australian sclerophyll flora became the centre of diversification and emigration at the species level of all but the rainforest (mesophyll) Grevilleoid/Proteoid clades within Australia. Close genetic links between clades in South Africa (the centre of diversification of the sclerophyll flora in Africa) and SW Australia are the product of disparate migratory histories from their common ancestor in NW Africa, differential survival among subfamilies and parallel evolution in matched environments. SE Australia became the centre of diversification at the subtribe level. Close genetic links between clades in South America and SE Australia are the product of long-distance dispersal from their common ancestor in N South America, genetic stability in matched environments and eventual vicariance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1433831924000015/pdfft?md5=e16c2af4acc019ca158c64c9c580a5c6&pid=1-s2.0-S1433831924000015-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139458615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-criteria drought resistance assessment of temperate Acer, Carpinus, Fraxinus, Quercus, and Tilia species","authors":"C. Leuschner ,&nbsp;S. Fuchs ,&nbsp;P. Wedde ,&nbsp;E. Rüther ,&nbsp;B. Schuldt","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2023.125777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2023.125777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>A rapidly warming climate with growing frequency of hot droughts urges Central Europe’s forestry sector to adapt to increasing climatic stress. One option is to choose native minor timber species with assumed higher stress tolerance; yet, information on the </span>drought resistance<span> of many species is scarce. We examined the drought resistance of adult trees of Norway maple (</span></span><em>Acer platanoides</em><span>), European hornbeam (</span><span><span>Carpinus betulus</span></span>), Common ash (<span><em>Fraxinus</em><em> excelsior</em></span><span>) and Little-leaved lime (</span><span><em>Tilia</em><em> cordata</em></span><span>) at leaf, branch, stem and root levels, combining studies on leaf water status, branch xylem hydraulics, fine root vitality and radial stem growth, for deriving an evidence-based drought resistance ranking of the species. Results were compared to Sessile oak (</span><span><em>Quercus petraea</em></span>), a fairly drought-resistant major timber species. All species showed constant growth rates despite increasing climatic aridity, indicating low climate vulnerability. Foliage loss after the severe 2018/19 drought increased in the sequence <em>Quercus &lt; Fraxinus &lt; Acer &lt; Tilia &lt; Carpinus</em><span>. The water potential at leaf turgor loss (P</span>_TLP) was no suitable indicator of the species’ climate-sensitivity of growth or drought-induced foliage loss. The growth performance of <em>Tilia</em><span> demonstrates that some angiosperm trees can achieve a fairly high degree of drought resistance through plant-internal water storage and high leaf tissue elasticity, despite a small hydraulic safety margin and high P</span>_TLP<span>. Drought resistance as deduced from growth performance and defoliation after severe drought decreased in the sequence </span><em>Quercus &gt; Fraxinus &amp; Acer &gt; Tilia</em> &gt; <em>Carpinus</em>. We conclude that <em>Acer</em>, <em>Carpinus</em>, and <em>Tilia</em> (and <em>Fraxinus</em>, despite being often <em>Hymenoscyphus-</em>infected) are suitable timber species for Central Europe’s forestry sector in a drier and warmer climate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139103473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}