Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Faecal shedding of campylobacteria among domestic and wild animals from an urban coastal área","authors":"A. Levican, Oriana Flores, S. Sánchez, M. Bascuñan, R. López, Karla Ojeda, E. Hernández, Pablo Salah","doi":"10.4067/S0719-81322019000200083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0719-81322019000200083","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the leading cause of food-related diarrhea worldwide. However, other campylobacteria such as other Campylobacter spp., Arcobacter spp. and Helicobacter spp. are also recognised as emerging pathogens, although they are not frequently isolated by traditional culturing methods. Moreover, Campylobacter spp. have become increasingly resistant to antibiotics due to antibiotic usage in animal and human medicine. It has been suggested that pet ownership increases the risk for campylobacteriosis. However, environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and poor sanitation conditions have also been associated with the highest rates of shedding among animals. This study assessed the faecal shedding of campylobacteria in an urban coastal area among 68 (66.0%) domestic animals, mainly dogs (n=61), and 35 (33.9%) wild animals belonging to 13 species and eight orders. None of them had symptoms of gastroenteritis and campylobacteria were detected by PCR in 21 samples (20.4%), while only six (5.8%) were detected by culturing, i.e. Campylobacter upsaliensis (n=4, dogs), C. jejuni (n=1, dog) and Arcobacter butzleri (n=1, chicken). None of the isolates was resistant to ciprofloxacin, but two were resistant to erythromycin, i.e. A. butzleri (MIC=8 pg/ml) and C. upsaliensis (MIC=128 pg/ml). Regarding the virulence factors, only one isolate of C. jejuni was positive for cdtC and cadF genes and one isolate of A. butzleri was positive for cadF and ciaB genes. This is the first study to assess the faecal shedding of campylobacteria in animals from the urban coastal area of Valparaiso, Chile. Although C. jejuni and other emerging campylobacteria were detected mainly from pet dogs and in a low rate, further investigations are needed to assess the potential transmission of these zoonotic bacteria or their antibiotic resistance between pets and owners.","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4067/S0719-81322019000200083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44225411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Site and extent of digestion of nitrogen compounds and organic matter in steers fed a finishing diet with dried distillers grains plus solubles supplemented with urea","authors":"J. D. Urías-Estrada, J. Ramos-Méndez, V. González-Vizcarra, A. Barreras, O. M. Manríquez, Alejandro Plascencia, Juan O. Chirino-Romero, A. Estrada-Angulo, L. Corona, B. I. Castro-Pérez","doi":"10.4067/S0719-81322019000100103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0719-81322019000100103","url":null,"abstract":"Four Holstein steers (266 ± 13 kg) with ruminal and duodenal cannulae were used to evaluate the effect of inclusion of different levels of urea (0%, 0.4%, 0.8% and 1.2%) in a steam-flaked, corn-based finishing diet containing dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) on the site and extent of N compounds and organic matter (OM) digestion, and on the ruminal N-NH3 and blood concentrations of urea nitrogen. Increasing the urea levels linearly decreased the OM flow to the duodenum ( P <0.04) and increased the total N and non-ammoniacal N flow to the duodenum ( P <0.01), which resulted from linear increases in the flow of microbial N and NH3-N ( P <0.01) without affecting the feed residual N flow ( P ≥0.47). Increasing the urea levels linearly increased ruminal digestion of OM and dietary N (P≤0.03), and decreased protein efficiency ( P <0.01) without affecting microbial efficiency. The urea supplementation did not affect post-ruminal digestion. Urea supplementation linearly increased ( P <0.01) total tract digestion of N compounds without affecting total tract digestion of OM. Ruminal pH averaged 6.09 ± 0.03 and was not affected ( P ≥0.97) by the inclusion of urea. Ruminal NH3-N concentration increased with urea supplementation (linear component, P<0.01). The same effect was observed for blood urea concentrations and plasma urea ( P <0.01). On the basis of the results observed here, urea can be incorporated in finishing corn-based diets that include DDGS. However, this must done carefully to avoid exceeding the RDP concentration in the diets in order to optimise ruminal fermentation and reduce the risk of high N excretion in the faeces. This is relevant when higher levels of DDGS are included in the diets (i.e. 30%). Key words : fermentation, ruminal nitrogen solubility, DDGS, plasmatic ureic nitrogen","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4067/S0719-81322019000100103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43905219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy balance of pregnant vicuñas (Vicugna vicugna) in the Chilean High Andes","authors":"C. Norambuena, K. Mussa, Francisca Hernández, J. Alfaro, M. Velasco","doi":"10.4067/S0719-81322019000100106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0719-81322019000100106","url":null,"abstract":"Energy unbalance may be the cause of low fertility rates found in vicunas. The objective of this study was to estimate the temporal variation of the nutritional status in pregnant vicunas from a herd kept under captivity in the Chilean High Andes. The hypothesis under study is that animals are able to maintain the energy balance during the dry season. Six pregnant vicunas were examined in August, October and January (year 2015-2016). Reproductive status was estimated by ultrasonography and plasma progesterone concentration. Live weight (LW) and body condition score (BCS: 1-5 scale) were measured for each animal. A blood sample was taken to estimate the plasma concentrations of total protein (Biuret method), cholesterol (CHODPAP method), triglycerides (GPO-PAP method), β-hydroxybutyrate (enzymatic method) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA; enzymatic colorimetric method). Vicuna groups had similar LW, BCS, plus similar plasma concentrations of metabolites, total protein and progesterone. Females did not increase their LW during gestation and their BCS in January (2.9) was below the recommendations for late pregnancy in camelids (BCS 3.5). NEFA and β-hydroxybutyrate values were higher than those expected under nutritional energy balance signalling a lipolytic and ketogenic metabolic response, respectively. The absence of weight gain and the values of NEFA and β-hydroxybutyrate show that pregnant vicunas suffer a negative energy balance during the dry season in the Chilean High Andes. This can cause abortion and contribute to low fertility rates of the herds. It is suggested to provide pregnant vicunas with food supplements up to birthing, in years of severe drought. Key words : vicuna, nutritional status, negative energy balance.","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4067/S0719-81322019000100106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47424338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avian pox in a turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) from northern Chile","authors":"M. MORA-CARREÑO, C. Guerra-Correa, M. Moroni, E. Paredes","doi":"10.4067/S0719-81322019000100108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0719-81322019000100108","url":null,"abstract":"A debilitated turkey vulture ( Cathartes aura ), showing prominent nodular masses in its head, was found in Antofagasta, Chile. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of epidermal hyperplasia and hypertrophy with typical eosinophilic intracytoplasmatic inclusion bodies in epithelial cells. Accordingly, a diagnosis of avian pox was established, corresponding to the first known occurrence of the disease in the southern hemisphere. Keywords : Avian pox, Cathartes aura , turkey vulture, Chile.","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4067/S0719-81322019000100108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41827255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Report of 2018 equine influenza outbreak in Chile","authors":"R. Moreira, Alfonso Garcia, C. Ahumada, Catalina Badía, Paulina Suárez, B. Yangari, C. Aguayo, J. Herrera, Gabriela Espejo, E. Pinto","doi":"10.4067/S0719-81322019000100105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0719-81322019000100105","url":null,"abstract":"The present study reports an outbreak of equine influenza (EI) occurred in Chile in January 2018, with cases spread along the country, from the Atacama to the Magallanes Region. The virus identified corresponded to the H3N8 subtype, affecting equines, donkeys, and mules. Clinical signs ranged from mild to severe, with a higher mortality rate in donkeys. Key words : equine influenza, outbreak, equines, donkeys.","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4067/S0719-81322019000100105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43245238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between biochemical analytes and milk fat/protein in Holstein cows","authors":"O. Prado, Jesús B. Morales, Jaime O. Molina, Luis M. García, Rafael B. Macedo, J. R. Hernández, Arturo César García Casillas","doi":"10.4067/S0719-81322019000100102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0719-81322019000100102","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between biochemical analytes and milk fat/protein in high-yield (DIM: 42 ± 10 d postpartum) and low-yield (DIM: 91 ± 11 d postpartum) Holstein cows. Stepwise regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationships of biochemical analytes with the fat and protein content of the milk from 126 Holstein cows belonging to nine intensive housed dairy farms. The comparison between the two groups showed differences ( P< 0.05) in the milk yield, milk fat and milk fat/protein ratio, with the higher values in high-yield cows. The correlations between milk fat, milk protein, milk fat/protein ratio and biochemical analytes concentrations, were assessed within each group. Milk fat level was positively correlated to cholesterol, triglycerides, β-hydroxybutyrate and albumin in high-yield cows. Milk protein level was positively correlated to urea, and negatively correlated to sodium ion, potassium ion and chlorine ion in high-yield cows. A virtually linear dependence has also been found between milk fat and triglycerides, between milk protein and urea, and between milk fat/protein ratio and cholesterol, and triglycerides in low-yield cows. The metabolic profiles provide a practical tool, to present an insight into the underlying physiological mechanisms of lactation, and the identification of relationships between key analytes and components of milk, such as protein and fat content. Key words : dairy cow, blood chemistry, milk fat, milk protein.","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4067/S0719-81322019000100102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49647543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, risk factors, and identification of Salmonella spp. in stray dogs of northwest Mexico","authors":"Karla M. Núñez Castro, Enrique Trasviña Muñoz, G. García, José Carmen Ramírez Ramírez, G. L. Valencia, G. E. M. Basulto, L. Manríquez, T. R. Evangelista","doi":"10.4067/S0719-81322019000100107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0719-81322019000100107","url":null,"abstract":"Salmonellosis has a worldwide relevance in aspects associated with public health, as only in 2009 were reported 93.8 million cases in humans. The objective of the study was to establish the prevalence, risk factors and bacteriological and molecular identification of Salmonella spp in stray dogs in urban, rural and coastal areas of Mexicali, a city in northwest Mexico. From May 2014 to February 2015, 385 dogs were tested. Sampling was performed by rectal swab and conventional bacteriological techniques were applied, for later implementation of the API 20E system and molecular identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The data were analysed statistically by means of descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression modelling. A prevalence of 6.27% was obtained in the dogs examined, the samples obtained were characterised to subspecies ( Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica and Salmonella enterica subspecie arizonae ). The geographical region with the highest prevalence in the study was the coast (10%), followed by the rural area (8.57%) and the urban area (5.8%), however, no significant statistical differences were detected. There was significant difference in the prevalence by age of dogs under one year ( P <0.05). The identification of Salmonella in dogs from northwest Mexico could correspond to serovars of zoonotic importance indicating a potential risk for the population. Key words : Salmonella spp, prevalence, stray dogs, public health.","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4067/S0719-81322019000100107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43828864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiation and multipotential characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue of an endangered wild cat (Leopardus guigna)","authors":"D. Echeverry, D. Rojas, C. Aguilera, D. Veraguas, J. Cabezas, L. Rodríguez-Álvarez, F. O. Castro","doi":"10.4067/s0719-81322019000100104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0719-81322019000100104","url":null,"abstract":"Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) have been isolated and used as cell therapy in domestic cats. For wild cats, AMSCs have been reported only in black-footed cats (Felis nigripes). Feline AMSCs may be useful to treat the injuries of endangered cats in captivity and to improve cloning techniques or for derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). The guigna (Leopardus guigna) is an endemic and endangered feline from Chile and Argentina. The objective of this study was to characterize putative AMSCs from guigna in terms of their main biological attributes such as: growth kinetics, differentiation ability, and surface marker expression. The results were compared with cat AMSCs. AMSCs were isolated from peritoneal adipose tissue of female cats and subcutaneous tissue from a female guigna. Cells were isolated and cultured in DMEM/F12, supplemented with DMEM/F12 + FBS 10%. Migration potential, Colony-forming unit assay, mesodermal differentiation and surface marker expression (CD45, CD44, CD90, MHCI, and MHCII) were evaluated.  Cat and guigna AMSCs displayed similar growth properties in culture. Both AMSCs showed mesodermal differentiation potential; in vitro homing potential and similar surface marker expression. These results demonstrate that the AMSCs from subcutaneous tissue of guigna could potentially be useful in regenerative therapy in this species and could be considered for use in cloning of this wild cat.","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4067/s0719-81322019000100104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44406799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In need of publishing a paper to find a job or grant? Co-authorship without contributing: The rise of an ethical problem","authors":"","doi":"10.4067/s0719-81322019000100101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0719-81322019000100101","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times the pressure for publishing has led researchers to wanting to appear in the author list without having made a significant conntribution, a practice not included in the Vancouver Agreement that frames who the authors of a paper should be. This situation creates not only an ethical problem but also a problem within the work environment if a researcher refuses to include authors who have not participated in the study, creating unconfortable situations in some institutions. It is well known that some researchers that appear to be very productive, holding a high record of plublished papers, may have entered the ratings without having read a manuscript that later mentions them in the authorship list, thanks to supporting infrastructure or by maintaining networks. This network somehow strengthens the group leader, or leader of the line and also some “emerging researchers” so they can apply for more grants and increase their chances of finding better jobs or more grants for their students. Some professors even take advantage of their students’ novel ideas to generate a grant and thus maintain the vanguard, without even including the latter in the benefits of the grant or the paper that is generated. Neither European, North American nor Chilean universities are exempt from these practices. In Chile, institutions such as Universidad de Chile, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, and Universidad Austral de Chile have had a series of problems with postgraduate students denouncing their professors for using their theses, or part of these,to generate papers without including them in the authorship list. This unethical practice has some deep roots, fueled by the desire of some proffesors to remain in the “elite” of research. The solution to this problem is complex since grants are scarce and competition is tough. In some research centers and universities this subject is not even spoken of, because this practice is highly institutionalised, therefore discusing the ethics of this matter or the Vancouver Agreement is not an option. The only way to eradicate these practices would be to generate debate and denounce them, and to avoid “collaborating” with this type of researchers. Unfortunately, science is not estranged from what happens in the world, nor within non-academic institutions, where this type of action is common and very recurrent. Science should be a beacon for scociety, a place to look toward and be guided by.","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44694772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryopreservation of horse semen with a liposome and trehalose added extender","authors":"Ariadna Z. Medina-León, B. Domínguez-Mancera, Nicolás Cazalez-Penino, P. Cervantes-Acosta, E. Jácome-Sosa, D. Romero-Salas, M. Barrientos-Morales","doi":"10.4067/s0719-81322019000300119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0719-81322019000300119","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of cryopreserved equine semen in the presence of trehalose-loaded liposomes on the integrity and function of sperm cells. Six ejaculations of five stallions collected with an artificial vagina were used. The ejaculates were diluted with INRA 96® 2:1 v/v and transported at 22 °C to the laboratory. Before cryopreservation, the semen was diluted with INRA Freeze® to obtain the following treatments: T1) INRA Freeze® (control), T2) INRA Freeze® + liposomes, T3) INRA Freeze® + liposomes+trehalose. Data were analysed using the Kruskal Wallis test. The percentages of sperm with intact DNA were 54.5, 57.9, and 64.8% for T1, T2 and T3, respectively (P>0.05). When evaluating the acrosomal and capacitation state after filtering with Percoll®, the percentages of spermatozoa without acrosome reaction and without capacitation were 67.8, 79.2 and 68.1% in T1, T2, and T3, respectively (P>0.05), while the capacitated sperm without acrosome reaction and without capacitation was similar in T1 (47%) and T3 (32%) (P>0.05), and lower in T2 (16%) before filtering with Percoll®. The use of liposomes and liposome-trehalose did not affect on the functional status and nuclear chromatin of the equine sperm after freezing, but it did affect the percentage of capacitated sperm without acrosome reaction after selecting the thawed semen using the Percoll® gradient.","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70331272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}