Budownictwo i Architektura最新文献

{"title":"Physical modeling of a fire with the use of the Froude number","authors":"Mateusz Zimny","doi":"10.24358/bud-arch_19_181_07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24358/bud-arch_19_181_07","url":null,"abstract":"Ever since the field of Fire Safety Engineering first came into existence, small-scale (model scale) fire tests were the source of much valuable information about the phenomena occurring during combustion. Over the years, several computational methods to determine the criteria for the similarity of fires on both a real and small geometric scale have been developed. The purpose of this article is to present a method of performing fire tests on a model scale using the Froude number. The basics of scaling, similarity conditions that must be preserved, ways of describing fire phenomena, as well as methods of calculating fire parameters from the real and model scale have been discussed. An example of physical tests with the use of reduced research models is also presented. What is particularly emphasized is how important these types of experiments are and what responsibility rests with the people who carry them ouvol. The motivation to conduct research is the safety of people who reside in buildings with fire protection based on model scale test.","PeriodicalId":55831,"journal":{"name":"Budownictwo i Architektura","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83603405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing the energy efficiency of dwelling houses: case study of residential quarter in Upper Silesia, Poland","authors":"Anna Ostańska","doi":"10.24358/bud-arch_19_181_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24358/bud-arch_19_181_03","url":null,"abstract":"The paper assesses thermomodernisation measures aimed at improving energy efficiency of dwelling houses in a city quarter in Upper Silesia, Poland. The area was encompassed by the city council’s program of emission restriction that promoted energy saving activities. The assessment was carried out by means of thermographic examination. It confirmed the fact that the thermomodernisation measures taken so far provided considerable improvement, but did not solved all issues. Further works should be undertaken on the basis of thorough examination of the current condition of the buildings.","PeriodicalId":55831,"journal":{"name":"Budownictwo i Architektura","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73342420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economical aspects concerning quality control of concrete","authors":"I. Skrzypczak, M. Słowik","doi":"10.24358/bud-arch_19_181_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24358/bud-arch_19_181_05","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with economical aspects concerning the quality control of concrete. About 70% of total concrete production is connected with the structural concrete, the subject of quality control and/or conformity. When checking the conformity criteria for a compressive strength of concrete for a small number of samples, qualification errors do not affect the formation of costs associated with losses on external deficiencies. In order to avoid costs related to qualification errors and losses on external deficiencies, the number of samples should be set larger than the minimum (included in contract’s clauses). Furthermore, the designer recommendations should be indicated in the specification. In the paper the costs concerning quality control for concrete have been analyzed.","PeriodicalId":55831,"journal":{"name":"Budownictwo i Architektura","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81069538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research of the collapsibility of the European loess – review","authors":"A. Lal","doi":"10.24358/bud-arch_19_181_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24358/bud-arch_19_181_01","url":null,"abstract":"Foundation of the buildings on the loessial soil is often associated only with difficulties resulting from the possibility of the collapse of the ground. For these reason, loess is too often unfairly disqualified as the construction subsoil in spite of its good strength and strain parameters. Thanks to continuous development of research and publications of the results, reliable data regarding loess are spread and, as a consequence, loess becomes more and more common soil used in the geotechnicalengineering.Loess collapsibility has been studied since the middle of the 20th century, nevertheless, only the computer techniques and specialist laboratory and microstructural tests, that have been developed from the end of last century, helped us to find an answer to the important questions regarding the occurrence of this phenomenon. Detailed mechanisms that cause sudden loess volumetric reduction due to humidity and load, and the elements that affects the collapsibility are still studied. Furthermore, varied technics are researched, including in-situ tests, which allow estimating the risk of collapse, as well as the methods of its elimination.The aim of this paper is to systematize the directions of current studies of European loess collapsibility and to indicate their most significant results. The review was made on the basis of the scientific publications published in the Polish and international journals as well as the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) Web of Science database.","PeriodicalId":55831,"journal":{"name":"Budownictwo i Architektura","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85788719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ratios of forces and forces moments as dynamic similarity criteria of various phenomena occurring in wind engineering, snow engineering and fluid dynamics","authors":"A. Flaga","doi":"10.24358/bud-arch_18_174_11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24358/bud-arch_18_174_11","url":null,"abstract":"The work concerns dynamic similarity criteria of various phenomena occurring in wind engineering, snow engineering and fl uid dynamics derived from ratios of forces and forces moments affecting these phenomena. Derived and analyzed in part I dynamic similarity criteria, mainly concern the following steady problems: 1. Fluid fl ows and fl ows past objects ; 2. Fluid-solid contact problems; 3. Problems of a solid fl oating on a fl uid with and without of the surface waves.","PeriodicalId":55831,"journal":{"name":"Budownictwo i Architektura","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84687251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical and practical methodology for recognizing the road surface structure","authors":"Stefan Firlej, Marcin Dębiński","doi":"10.24358/bud-arch_18_174_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24358/bud-arch_18_174_04","url":null,"abstract":"A recognition indicator of the possibility of further use of the road during transferring transport loads are changes in the condition of the road surface. If the surface condition indicates incorrect parameters of its equality, rutting, or cracks, the road durability is qualitatively assessed. In this case, the actual load capacity rating and possible reconstruction of the structure begins. Values of dynamic defl ections can be used to recognize the modulus of elasticity and thus the possibility of assessing the durability of a structure. The mechanistic method is used to dimensioning the structure due to the movement planned. It allows a fl exible approach to further construction, giving the opportunity to assess whether part or all of it should be left or apply an additional layer to meet future requirements. The elastic modulus needed for this pavement structure design method for existing layers has been recognized by identifi cation as backcalculation methodology that have been used for many years.","PeriodicalId":55831,"journal":{"name":"Budownictwo i Architektura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80215067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modyfikacja składu granulometrycznego i właściwości geotechnicznych gruntu niespoistego za pomocą dodatku pyłu","authors":"A. Lal","doi":"10.24358/bud-arch_18_174_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24358/bud-arch_18_174_05","url":null,"abstract":"Istotną, z praktycznego punktu widzenia, właściwością gruntów stosowanych jako materiał nasypowy lub zasypowy w budownictwie ziemnym jest zagęszczalność. Wskaźnik uziarnienia wykorzystywanych w tym celu piasków, pospółek lub żwirów charakteryzuje się stosunkowo niewielką wartością, zazwyczaj wahającą się w granicach 2,5–4,0, co pozwala na określenie ich jako trudno lub średnio zagęszczalnych. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań, jakie przeprowadzono w celu określenia wpływu modyfi kacji składu granulometrycznego gruntu niespoistego – piasku średniego, za pomocą dodatku pyłu lessowego na zagęszczenie. Za grunt mało spoisty przyjęto pył lessowy pochodzący z terenu Lublina. Grunty te zajmują znaczną powierzchnię obszaru miasta, a ich częste występowanie w strefi e przypowierzchniowej, czyni je łatwo dostępnymi. Badania wykonano na próbie piasku średniego o uziarnieniu naturalnym, która stanowiła próbę kontrolną oraz dwóch mieszaninach piasku średniego z pyłem lessowym, sporządzonych w stosunku objętościowym 1:1 i 2:1. Każdy z gruntów poddano analizie sitowej i areometrycznej. Uzyskano krzywe uziarnienia, a także określono procentową zawartość poszczególnych frakcji. Analiza wyników składu granulometrycznego pozwoliła na wyznaczenie wskaźnika różnoziarnistości, który dla piasku średniego wynosił 1,71 zaś dla mieszanin piasku z pyłem lessowym wzrósł do 21,8 (w przypadku próbki materiałów zmieszanych w stosunku 1:1) oraz 13,3 (dla próbki materiałów zmieszanych w stosunku 2:1). Uzyskane wyniki sugerują, iż modyfi kacja piasku średniego pyłem lessowym pozwala na zmianę klasyfikacji wytworzonej mieszaniny z gruntu trudno zagęszczalnego na dobrze zagęszczalny, a zatem możliwe jest uzyskanie większego zagęszczenia. W celu potwierdzenia tej tezy wykonano badania zagęszczenia i wilgotności optymalnej w aparacie Proctora wg metody I, dla każdego z trzech badanych gruntów. W przypadku próby kontrolnej maksymalna uzyskana gęstość objętościowa szkieletu gruntowego wynosiła 1,751 g/cm3 przy wilgotności 11,96%. Próbki piasku łączonego z pyłem lessowym w stosunku objętościowym 1:1 oraz 2:1 wykazałymaksymalne gęstości objętościowe odpowiednio 2,076 i 2,079 g/cm3 przy wilgotności około 7%. W czasie badania stwierdzono plastyczność gruntu uzyskanego przez połączenie piasku i pyłu lessowego w stosunku objętościowym 1:1 przy wilgotności powyżej 14,25%, co wynika z faktu, iż piasek o takiej zawartości pyłu stanowi grunt na granicy gruntów spoistych i niespoistych. Zwiększona plastyczność uniemożliwia zagęszczenie badanego gruntu przy wilgotności powyżej 14,5% ze względu na powstające odkształcenia oraz wykazywaną spójność. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, iż modyfi kacja uziarnienia piasku średniego pyłem lessowym w proporcji 2:1 pozwala na uzyskanie największego zagęszczenia w badanych warunkach. Wyniki badania sugerują, iż dzięki połączeniu piasku ze stosunkowo łatwo dostępnym pyłem lessowym można osiągnąć wymierne korzyści w postaci lepszego zagęszczenia","PeriodicalId":55831,"journal":{"name":"Budownictwo i Architektura","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87544411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Miejsca piesze w przestrzeni miasta","authors":"W. Seruga","doi":"10.24358/bud-arch_18_174_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24358/bud-arch_18_174_16","url":null,"abstract":"Niniejszy artykuł został poświęcony zagadnieniom związanym z kształtowaniem miejsc pieszych w przestrzeniach miasta. Autor próbuje określić cechy jakie powinny posiadać miejsca piesze kształtujące miejską przestrzeń na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy trzech zrealizowanych zespołów architektoniczno-urbanistycznych w miastach Słowenii, w drugiej dekadzie dwudziestego pierwszego wieku. Zaprezentowane przykłady o zróżnicowanym programie i funkcji zlokalizowane w różnych uwarunkowaniach potwierdziły tezę, że miejsca piesze stanowią miejsca węzłowe w mieście. Atrakcyjnie kształtowane miejsca piesze harmonijnie powiązane z otaczającą architekturą oraz kontekstem przestrzennym mają wpływ na integrację przestrzeni w mieście. Miejsca piesze jako miejsca węzłowe w mieście odgrywają w przestrzeniach miast istotną rolę bowiem stanowią wielofunkcyjne płaszczyzny skupiające podstawowy ruch pieszy zapewniając wszelkie kontakty międzyludzkie intelektualne oraz zawodowe, towarzyskie, edukacyjne etc. bardzo charakterystyczne dla przestrzeni publicznych. Mają też wpływ na scalanie zintegrowanych przestrzeni w mieście.","PeriodicalId":55831,"journal":{"name":"Budownictwo i Architektura","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79168124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dialogue of epochs in postmodern urban planning concepts of the late ХХth and early ХХIst centuries","authors":"O. Remizova, N. Novak","doi":"10.24358/bud-arch_18_174_07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24358/bud-arch_18_174_07","url":null,"abstract":"The postmodern architecture of the last third of the XX century saw a steady tendency of appealing to classical heritage aimed at combining modern technologies and historical associations with classical architecture. The work considers postmodern urban planning concepts of the late XX-the beginning of ХХI centuries. Methods of interpreting the order system in the architecture of postmodernism are analyzed by comparing such theoretical concepts as R. Bofi ll›s industrial classicism, the new urbanism of L. and R. Krier, the theory of the city by Aldo Rossi. Architects postmodernists searching for sense and architectural language began to address to the historical past, using signs and images of classical architecture. Leaders of postmodern movement, trying to return to architecture the «eternal values» lost by modernism, opened a way for new creative searches and transformation of the order system elements. Its representatives were attracted by the «double code» of the order architecture, which allowed to solve complex town-planning problems. Postmodernism declared the idea of «architecture parlante». The notion of «postmodern classicism» disguised the compositional search for dialogue with any classical epoch – antiquity, renaissance, baroque, classicism itself. The order language of these epochs, possessing a tremendous potential of utterance, allowed the architect to create all the new meanings and texts. The article discusses the change of semantic meanings occurring in modern urbanism, the interpretation of order compositions, the notion of «order tradition» and the expansion of the semantics of the order system in historical and cultural context. The article shows that the theory of postmodernism actualized the notion of «order tradition» and expanded the semantics of the order system by its application in modern city planning concepts.","PeriodicalId":55831,"journal":{"name":"Budownictwo i Architektura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79020966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of impact of a crumb rubbergranulate addition on the asphalt mixtures resistanceto water and frost","authors":"D. Wiśniewski, Milena Selke, A. Smolińska, M. Słowik","doi":"10.24358/BUD-ARCH_18_174_14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24358/BUD-ARCH_18_174_14","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the tests of hot mix asphalt (HMA) modi-fi ed with the addition of crumb rubber granulate using the dry method. This modifi cation consisted in the applying of rubber granules into the aggregate mixture, replacing a 0/2 mm fraction of the basalt aggregate. The tests were carried out for the Asphalt Concrete to be used in binder course of a road pavement (AC16W 50/70). There were 5 types of HMA analyzed: without the addition of rubber granules as well as with 1% or 2% (in relation to the weight of the aggregate mix) of activated with a grain size up to 2 mm and non-activated rubber granules with the same grain size. The activation process was carried out using an electro-magnetic mill with a microwave generator, centrifugal rotor mill with supersonic speed and auxiliary equipment. For each analyzed mixture type, density, bulk density, air voids and resistance to water and frost were determined. On the basis of the research, it was observed that the addition of crumb rubber granules to HMA adversely affects the air voids content causing its increase. The addition of crumb rubber granulate also affects the resistance of HMA to water and frost, but the quantitative changes depend on the amount of added crumb rubber granulate.","PeriodicalId":55831,"journal":{"name":"Budownictwo i Architektura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91112233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}