Agricultural Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus cereus-containing products do reduce soybean antinutritional factors","authors":"M. J. Madibana, C. Fouché, J. Davids, S. Mthembu, M.H. Motubatse, Z. Poni, Elizabeth Louise Thomas, O. Nyengule, R. Nemakhavhani","doi":"10.15547/ast.2022.03.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.03.034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Soybean has shown over the years to be a reliable plant protein source to excellently substitute the high cost fishmeal in aquaculture diets. However, antinutritional factors (ANFs) limit its usage in aquaculture feeds. Therefore, the current study was designed to test the efficacy of three substrates containing different microorganisms that are capable of reducing soybean ANFs in a 3-month period at a low pH of 2.8. Full fat soybean (USB) was fermented using Anaerobic waste extract from Recirculating Aquaculture System sludge trap (RASW); Biocentric® Feed probiotic powder (BIOP); Oakland® double cream yoghurt (3x 106 CFU ml¯¹) (OY), Control treatment which had no substrate that contained fermenting microorganism (SRR). Each treatment was conducted in three replicates at 2.8 pH. The untreated soybean granules recorded a numerical protein content of 48.56%. The BIOP fermented soybean recorded significantly higher protein content as compared to the other soybean meal fermented with the other substrates. There was also a significant decrease in the soybean content of the amino acid lysine upon fermentation with the four treatments. Fermentation of the soybean with the four treatments was not significantly different in relation with their soybean lipid content, crude fibre content, methionine + cysteine, dry matter content, urease activity and gross energy content (P > 0.05). There was an overall significant decrease in the ANFs when soybean was fermented with the four treatments, with four out of six analysed ANFs parameters content showing a significant decrease upon fermentation (P < 0.05). Fermentation of the soybean with RASW resulted in a significant decrease of trypsin inhibitor content as compared to the rest of the treatments. The USB recorded a numerical value of 43.80 for trypsin inhibitor, whereas RASW fermented soybean recorded least trypsin inhibitor of 3815 ± 010 mg/g. In conclusion, the current study showed that the fermentation substrates used are capable of reducing soybean ANFs, with a slight decrease in soybean protein content.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42116085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring the productivity of Trichoderma viride strain in submerged cultivation","authors":"O. Georgieva, N. Karadzhova","doi":"10.15547/ast.2022.02.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.02.022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The influence of the nutrient medium, the amount of inoculate and the initial acidity on the accumulation of the biomass of the antagonistic fungus Trihoderma viride during submerged cultivation was studied. As a result of the conducted research, biotechnological parameters were optimized for the production of a biological product by the method of submerged cultivation. A balanced semi-synthetic nutrient medium has been developed in which the fungus performs a full cycle of ontogenesis, forming chlamydospores and phialoconidia. The produced biomass with a titer of more than 1.106 chlamydospores in 1 ml can be used both for the production of liquid form of the preparation and for the production of preparations on solid substrates.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45460826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-economic analysis of vegetable seed production in Nepal","authors":"B. Aryal, S. Neupane, B. Pandey, S. Shah, Abhinav Tiwari","doi":"10.15547/ast.2022.02.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.02.030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. A survey was conducted at Musikot, Western Rukum, Nepal in 2019 to analyze the economic results of vegetable seed production using a well-structured pre-tested questionnaire. The average landholding per household was 8.14 ropani (1 ropani = 0.05 ha), as 33.74% of landholding (equal to 50.36% of the cultivated land) was under vegetable seed production. Vegetable seed production generated 46% of on-farm income equal to 23% of total household income. The share of on-farm activities and off-farm activities in household income was almost equal. 64% of the farming households were food self-sufficient. 39% of the farmers were new to the vegetable seed production enterprise whereas 5% of the farmers were involved from 40 years. 49% of the cost in vegetable seed production was incurred in labor. About eight thousand rupee were sufficient to run a vegetable seed production enterprise per ropani that had made a gross margin of NRs 9,614.36 per ropani. Radish occupied 46.5% of the vegetable seed producing land and generated 53.5% of the vegetable seed revenue. BCR of 2.21 suggested that vegetable seed production enterprise brings NRs 2.21 at the investment of NRs 1. Swiss-chard had the highest price spread (90%) whereas radish and turnip had the lowest (57%). Sensitivity analysis showed that vegetable seed production enterprise was a viable business even after a 20% increase in cost and 20% reduction of revenue simultaneously. Disease infestation and insect attack were two major production problems and price fluctuation and inadequate market information were two major marketing problems faced by vegetable seed producers at Musikot, Western-Rukum, Nepal.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44742010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supply chain analysis of Large Cardamom in Eastern Nepal","authors":"K. Shrestha, P. Regmi, K. Pant, Gopal Bahadur KC, Y. R. Pandey","doi":"10.15547/ast.2022.02.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.02.029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The study was conducted to analyze growth rates and financial profitability of supply chain actors of Large Cardamom based on a sample survey of randomly selected 90 farmers, 10 input suppliers, and 15 traders. Secondary data of area and production were obtained from Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development whereas price information was acquired from the Federation of Large Cardamom Entreprenuers of Nepal. The area, production and productivity of Large Cardamom in Ilam district was found in decreasing trend. Market data analysis showed that the price was drastically fluctuating but the compound annual growth rate was significantly increasing by 4.48%. Financial analysis indicated that the enterprise with a project life of 10 years was viable and highly profitable with benefit cost ratio of 3.14, payback period 4.09 years, internal rate of return 81.4%, and net present value of NPR 3.58 million per hectare. Four major supply chain actors were involved. The profit margin was found the highest for the producers (45.68%) followed by regional level traders (28.42%), district level traders (16.36%) and least for the village level traders (9.54%). Traditional driers were still used for curing the capsules with a compromise to the quality of the product. The producers were not found doing value addition activities, whereas tail removing, grading, and packaging were done by regional level traders. Training the farmers on value addition and providing them market information can help to scale up large cardamom production enterprises.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43371302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-economic models for deriving economic values for cattle: a review","authors":"S. Slavova, T. Angelova, J. Krastanov","doi":"10.15547/ast.2022.02.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.02.014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Bio-economic models for deriving economic weights in livestock have a significant development in recent years providing integrated assessment of biological and economic parameters of production systems and possibilities for achieving economic sustainability through inclusion in the selection index. Economic weights (EW) of traits have been calculated for different species of farm animals in the years. However, this review focuses on large ruminant aiming to summarize studies on calculation of economic values for dairy, beef and dual-purpose cattle. A method of research selection was used according to the productive direction (for milk, meat and dual-purpose), as well as according to the studied traits. In conclusion, it could be summarized that with regard to breeding objectives, economic weights of breeding traits need to be recalculated at certain time-periods and redefined in order to be relevant to the current market situations. Recently, there has been a tendency for functional traits to have an increasing economic influence and some of them should be included in the breeding goal. Moreover, the increased interest among customers in animal welfare and quality of dairy farm products will probably lead to the incorporation of health traits as clinical mastitis incidence and somatic cells score in the breeding objective. It is possible as well the relative importance of feed efficiency traits to increase in the future due to increasing requirements to mitigate the environmental impact of production systems.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67423993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological study on hairs from mammalian predators in Bulgaria","authors":"R. Mihaylov, K. Kirilov","doi":"10.15547/ast.2022.02.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.02.025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The morphological characteristics of the hairs can be used for species identification in ecological and\u0000zoological studies, in forensic and forensic veterinary examinations. Large-scale hairs model is one of the important\u0000identification features and can be used as a “fingerprint”. In this study the morphological hairs characteristics of nine\u0000Bulgarian carnivore mammals were investigated. The values for the length, total hairs diameter, medullary diameter\u0000and medullary index were determined. The combined use of hairs parameters and the medullary index (MI) are a\u0000guarantee of greater reliability in species identification. For comparison, we observed under a microscope hairs fixed\u0000by transparent tape in order to offer a quick test for species identification","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42014523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canopy temperature and chlorophyll content as plant traits indicators for durum wheat\u0000(Triticum durum Desf. ) superior lines selection under semi-arid conditions","authors":"A. Oulmi, M. Aissaoui","doi":"10.15547/ast.2022.02.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.02.027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The present study was carried out at the experimental site of the Agricultural Research Station of the Technical Institute for Field Crops (ITGC) in Setif province, where some plant traits indicators such as grain yield, above-ground biomass, canopy temperature, and chlorophyll content were evaluated in a later generation (F8) of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). The results showed that some lines from the later generation (F8) outperformed the crossed parents in all measured traits, which reflects the breadth of the genetic base that members of the eighth generation integrate and illustrates the possibility of isolating some superior lines with high productivity and resistance to abiotic stresses. Among all experimented lines, both lines L10 and L46 outperformed in grain yield (GY), canopy temperature (CT) and above-ground biomass (BM). The study of phenotypic correlations revealed the presence of a significantly negative relationship between canopy temperature and grain yield (r = - 0.293), as well as for canopy temperature and above-ground biomass (r = - 0.376) confirming that lines grown at low temperature are more productive in grain yield and biomass. These correlations are very important in plant breeding programs for improving wheat production as they indicate that new superior lines can be discriminated and isolated more efficiently from the crossed parents in terms of resistance to abiotic stresses well present in the semi-arid regions.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45790460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability analysis for grain yield and thousand kernel weight of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) genotypes growing under semi-arid conditions","authors":"S. Benkadja, K. Maamri, A. Guendouz, A. Oulmi, B. Frih","doi":"10.15547/ast.2022.02.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.02.017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The present study was carried out to select adapted and stable durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) genotypes for grain yield and thousand kernel weight using various stability parameters. Based on the graphical distributions between the parametric indices (Wricke’s ecovalence stability index (Wi²), environmental coefficient of variance (CVi), mean variance component (θᵢ)) and the mean grain yield of tested genotypes, the suitable genotype for the tested conditions was Mexicali 75. Further, the cultivars Oued Zenati and Bousselem were the most adapted with the highest TKW. With non-parametric index was classified genotype Mexicali 75 as the most stable with high grain yield. According to PCA analysis the genotype Altar 84 was classified in dynamic stability group with the highest grain yield in addition, cultivars Bousselem and Oued Zenati were classified in dynamic concept with the highest thousand kernel weight. The results of this study confirmed that the parametric and non-parametric methods are the suitable tools to identify the most stable durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) under semi-arid conditions.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44734511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of some herbicides and herbicide combinations on the elements of yield and some quality indicators of winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) variety Obzor","authors":"Marin Georgiev","doi":"10.15547/ast.2022.02.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.02.028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In order to determine the impact of some herbicides and herbicide combinations on elements of yield in winter barley a field experiment was carried out under the block method, in 12 variants and 4 replicates using the herbicides: Granstar 75 DF, Derby Super WG, Secator OD; Lintur 70 WG, Stomp New 330 ЕC and Axial 050 EC. It has been found that the plants with the highest tiller productivity were the variants treated with Lintur 70WG and the combination of Secator OD + Axial 050 EC. The longest spikes were found in the plants treated individually with Secator OD. The largest is the number of spikes of plants treated with Stomp New 33 EC and the combination Lintur 70WG + Axial 050 EC. The herbicide combinations Granstar 75DF + Axial 050EK and Secator OD + Axial 050 EC imported into wheat seed provided the largest number of grains per spike. The largest grain weight per spike had a hand weeded control and herbicide combinations Granstar 75 DF+Axial 050 EK and Secator OD + Axial 050 EC.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48144490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical properties and dietary effects of Abelmoschus esculentus leaves used as binders in fish feed","authors":"Oyeniyi Oluwaseun Veronica, Ojuola Michael Olaemy, Oke Israel Opeyemi","doi":"10.15547/ast.2022.02.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.02.020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The experiment was conducted to assess the use of Abelmoschus esculentus leaves powder as binders in the production of fish feed pellets. Six experimental diets were formulated with three containing starch as binder while the other three contained A. esculentus as binder. Each diet contained maize or wheat individually or in combination as energy source. The diets were designated as MAI (Maize only), WHE (Wheat only), MAW (Maize and Wheat only), MAA (Maize and A. esculentus), WHA (Wheat and A. esculentus) and MWA (Maize, Wheat and Abelmoscus esculentus). Physical properties and dietary effects of the diets were assessed using Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in the sinking rate (cm.sec-1), thickness strength (mm), water absorption index, hardness (mm) and water stability (%) and bulk density (g.cm-3) of experimental diets. Diet MAI (Maize only with corn starch) had a significantly slower sinking rate of 6.77±0.10 cm.sec-1 when compared to the other diets. Diets MAA (Maize only with A. esculentus) and MAW (Maize and Wheat with corn starch) had the highest water stability (88.90±0.46%) while the lowest was diet MAI (85.20±0.10%). Crushing load value for the diet MWA (Maize and wheat with A. esculentus) of 357.00±0.00N was the highest and 119.00±0.00 N for diet MAI was the least. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in the friability of experimental diets at different revolution speed. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the mean final weight, mean weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and feed efficiency of experimental fish fed with the experimental diets. Fish fed diet MAA had a significantly higher (P<0.05) mean weight gain, specific growth rate, feed efficiency ratio compared to the fish fed other diets. The results from this experiment showed that A. esculentus leaf soaked for 24 hours can be used as binder in fish feed production.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45479285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}