School Education Journal PGSD FIP Unimed最新文献

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ANALISIS KETERAMPILAN DASAR MENGAJAR GURU SEKOLAH DASAR (STUDI KASUS) PADA KELAS 3 UPT SD NEGERI 066650 MEDAN 棉兰内格利州立大学 3 年级 066650 班小学教师教学基本技能分析(案例研究
School Education Journal PGSD FIP Unimed Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i4.54419
Maria Kristina Silaban, Darinda Sofia Tanjung, Antonius Remigius Abi, P. Silaban
{"title":"ANALISIS KETERAMPILAN DASAR MENGAJAR GURU SEKOLAH DASAR (STUDI KASUS) PADA KELAS 3 UPT SD NEGERI 066650 MEDAN","authors":"Maria Kristina Silaban, Darinda Sofia Tanjung, Antonius Remigius Abi, P. Silaban","doi":"10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i4.54419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i4.54419","url":null,"abstract":"This research is research that examines in more depth how the teaching and learning process is carried out by teachers at UPT SDN 066650 Medan. Teachers are required to master eight basic teaching skills, namely: 1)opening and closing lesson skills, 2) explanation skills,3) variation skills, 4) questioning skills, 5) reinforcement skills, 6) class management skilss,7) group teaching skills small and individual, 8) skills in guiding small group discussions. Therefore, researchers tried to examine whether teachers implemented the eight basic teaching skills. This type of research is qualitative research-case study. The results of the research show that the eight basic teaching skills have almost implemented these basic teaching skills.","PeriodicalId":55728,"journal":{"name":"School Education Journal PGSD FIP Unimed","volume":"108 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139175937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PENERAPAN METODE DISKUSI KELOMPOK PADA MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA KELAS 4 SDN GADANG 3 KOTA MALANG 小组讨论法在数学课中的应用 Sdn Gadang 3 Malang City
School Education Journal PGSD FIP Unimed Pub Date : 2023-12-17 DOI: 10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i4.54398
Ana Nur Salsabilah, Beti Istanti Suwandayani, Falistya Roisatul Mar'atin Nuro, B. Ulum
{"title":"PENERAPAN METODE DISKUSI KELOMPOK PADA MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA KELAS 4 SDN GADANG 3 KOTA MALANG","authors":"Ana Nur Salsabilah, Beti Istanti Suwandayani, Falistya Roisatul Mar'atin Nuro, B. Ulum","doi":"10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i4.54398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i4.54398","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to find out how the learning strategies and media were used to teach grade 4 mathematics at Gadang 3 Elementary School, Malang City. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research type. Data collection techniques in this study were by means of interviews, observation, and documentation. The subjects of this study were grade 4 teachers. The data analysis techniques used were data collection, data reduction, data display, and veryfying. The results of this study indicate that the existence of learning strategies in the form of study groups and joint discussions can improve student learning outcomes due to the heterogeneity of each group which encourages participants to learn competitively but still fun. Students are asked to help each other between friends so that other students do not feel left behind by the others. In addition to learning strategies, the learning media used are also the result of student designs, this makes students able to easily use these learning media. Learning media is also made of materials that are easily found around. Prior to implementing the study group strategy, grade 4 teachers had implemented several strategies. However, the class teacher considers this strategy to be the most effective in learning, especially in mathematics.","PeriodicalId":55728,"journal":{"name":"School Education Journal PGSD FIP Unimed","volume":"252 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139176537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN METODE ROLE PLAYING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PKN PADA MATERI MENGHARGAI KEPUTUSAN BERSAMA DI KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR 使用角色扮演法对小学五年级学生学习 "尊重集体决定 "教材的影响
School Education Journal PGSD FIP Unimed Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i4.54298
Barita Esman Dabukke, Taruli Marito Silalahi, Robin Hutagaol, Nurul Fitria Irhamna
{"title":"PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN METODE ROLE PLAYING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PKN PADA MATERI MENGHARGAI KEPUTUSAN BERSAMA DI KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR","authors":"Barita Esman Dabukke, Taruli Marito Silalahi, Robin Hutagaol, Nurul Fitria Irhamna","doi":"10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i4.54298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i4.54298","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Role Playing method on civics learning outcomes in respect decisions of fifth grade students at SDN 101738 Diski, Sunggal District. This study is quantitative experiment. The population of this study were all fifth grade students at SDN 101738 Diski. The data collection techniques used were tests and observations. The data were analyzed using t-test (One Sample t-test Method). In the implementation of using Role Playing method, students collaborate to play their respective roles. After that, each group will present their conclusions. Student learning outcomes after using Role Playing method obtained an average value of 77.97. Based on the results of the t-test where t-count > t-table = 5.57 > 1.6 with a significant level of 0.05 which states that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. So it can be concluded that the use of Role Playing method affect the learning outcomes of civics in respect decisions of fourth grade students at SDN 101738 Diski, Sunggal District.","PeriodicalId":55728,"journal":{"name":"School Education Journal PGSD FIP Unimed","volume":"202 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN MEDIA KARTU HILANG (KAHI) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS VI SD 使用缺失卡媒体(Kahi)对六年级小学生数学学习成果的影响
School Education Journal PGSD FIP Unimed Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i3.49491
Rara Netra Ihya Kirana, Sumaji Sumaji, D. Ermawati
{"title":"EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN MEDIA KARTU HILANG (KAHI) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS VI SD","authors":"Rara Netra Ihya Kirana, Sumaji Sumaji, D. Ermawati","doi":"10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i3.49491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i3.49491","url":null,"abstract":"The low mathematics learning outcomes of class VI students at SD 3 Purwosari is due to the fact that learning is still teacher-centered and has not utilized learning media so that effective and appropriate solutions and innovations are needed so that mathematics learning achieves the expected learning objectives. One of the innovations that can be applied to learning mathematics is the use of KAHI  media. The aims of this study were 1) to examine the differences before and after applying KAHI media to students' mathematics learning outcomes, 2) to find out the increase in students' mathematics learning outcomes before and after applying KAHI Media. This research is a quantitative research type of pre-experimental design using one group pretest-posttest. The hypothesis test used is the Paired Sample t Test and the N-Gain test. The results of the Paired Sample t Test obtained a significance value of 0.000<0.05 indicating that there was a significant difference between learning before and after applying the KAHI media. The results of the N-Gain test obtained 45% results in the medium category, so it can be concluded that the use of KAHI media is effective for the mathematics learning outcomes of grade VI elementary school students.","PeriodicalId":55728,"journal":{"name":"School Education Journal PGSD FIP Unimed","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
MENUMBUHKAN SIKAP SALING MENGHARGAI ANTAR PESERTA DIDIDK DENGAN PEMBIASAAN SENYUM SAPA UNTUK MENCEGAH KEKERASAN ANTAR SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR. 通过微笑和问候的习惯培养参与者之间的相互尊重,防止小学生之间发生暴力事件。
School Education Journal PGSD FIP Unimed Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i3.49489
N. Lestari, Veni Veronica Siregar
{"title":"MENUMBUHKAN SIKAP SALING MENGHARGAI ANTAR PESERTA DIDIDK DENGAN PEMBIASAAN SENYUM SAPA UNTUK MENCEGAH KEKERASAN ANTAR SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR.","authors":"N. Lestari, Veni Veronica Siregar","doi":"10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i3.49489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i3.49489","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of bullying is not over in the education sector. The rising number of students who are bullied demonstrates that students are not receiving sufficient character development and education. With this exploration, applying common regard for grins and good tidings means to forestall harassing of understudies. Specialists utilized expressive subjective examination strategies with information assortment methods of perception, interviews, documentation. The outcomes got from this study are that understudies have a feeling of shared regard and understudies have fearlessness.","PeriodicalId":55728,"journal":{"name":"School Education Journal PGSD FIP Unimed","volume":"300 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BLAJAR PESERTA DIDIK MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING PADA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR 在印尼小学四班语文课程中采用问题学习模式提高学生的学习成绩
School Education Journal PGSD FIP Unimed Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i3.51460
Putri Indah Pertiwi, Imelda Sari, Siti Dewi Maharani
{"title":"MENINGKATKAN HASIL BLAJAR PESERTA DIDIK MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING PADA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR","authors":"Putri Indah Pertiwi, Imelda Sari, Siti Dewi Maharani","doi":"10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i3.51460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i3.51460","url":null,"abstract":"This classroom action research aims to describe the use of the Problem Based Learning learning model in an effort to improve student learning outcomes which was carried out in class IV of SD Negeri 238 Palembang on the content of the Indonesian language subject, material on transitive sentences and class IV intrasynthetic sentences. This type of research uses classroom action research (PTK) with data collection techniques consisting of interviews, tests and observations. Data collection procedures are carried out through tests at the end of each cycle and observations during learning. The average learning outcomes of students in cycle I, cycle II, cycle III have increased. In cycle I the average student score was 67.16 with learning completeness 63%. In cycle II the average student score was 76.04 with learning completeness 77%. And in cycle III the average student score was 80.03 with learning completeness of 87%. The results of this research show that the application of the Problem Based Learning learning model can improve learning outcomes in Indonesian Language Subjects.","PeriodicalId":55728,"journal":{"name":"School Education Journal PGSD FIP Unimed","volume":"69 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139180265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PERAN ORANG TUA TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR 家长对五年级小学生学习动机的影响
School Education Journal PGSD FIP Unimed Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i4.54295
Nanda Ayu Setiawati, Yetti Rosmawati Pangaribuan, Winny Sunfrsika Limbong, Trinanda Sutarna
{"title":"PERAN ORANG TUA TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR","authors":"Nanda Ayu Setiawati, Yetti Rosmawati Pangaribuan, Winny Sunfrsika Limbong, Trinanda Sutarna","doi":"10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i4.54295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i4.54295","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to find out how the role of parents on the learning motivation of fifth grade students at SDN 060960 Belawan. This type of research is a qualitative approach with data analysis techniques according to Miles and Huberman. The activities in this data analysis are data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing/verification. The subjects and objects of this data are parents and students of class V SDN 060960 Belawan totaling 26 people consisting of mothers, fathers and students who will be studied using observation, interviews and documentation. Based on the results of research that has been done through interviews, observations and documentation that the role of parents on student learning motivation is giving attention, giving rewards and appreciation in the form of praise and providing learning facilities. It was found that the role of parents on students' learning motivation was not sufficient to carry out its role on student learning motivation, such as: Not paying attention to children, Not providing books and learning facilities for children. It can be concluded that the role of parents on the learning motivation of fifth grade students at SDN 060960 Belawan is not all done well, because there are some parents who are still unable to carry out their role in motivating children's learning, this is evidenced by the results of interviews between researchers and parents of students.","PeriodicalId":55728,"journal":{"name":"School Education Journal PGSD FIP Unimed","volume":"150 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139179044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ANALISIS PERAN PERPUSTAKAAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN LITERASI PESERTA DIDIK DI SEKOLAH 分析图书馆在提高学校学习者读写能力方面的作用
School Education Journal PGSD FIP Unimed Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i3.51072
Aura Cahyaningtyas, Bustanol Arifin, Tyas Deviana
{"title":"ANALISIS PERAN PERPUSTAKAAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN LITERASI PESERTA DIDIK DI SEKOLAH","authors":"Aura Cahyaningtyas, Bustanol Arifin, Tyas Deviana","doi":"10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i3.51072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i3.51072","url":null,"abstract":"One of Malang's top libraries, Muhammadiyah Elementary School No. 4 Library offers excellent facilities, infrastructure, and a range of literacy-boosting programs. The goal of this study is to determine how Muhammadiyah Elementary School No. 4's library contributes to children' increased literacy in the current digital era. The study's technique was qualitative. To gather information about the study subject and study objects in the field, the researcher employed observation, interviewing, and documenting techniques. The chief librarian and the research documents were the study's topics and objects. The chief librarian's interview served as the major data source, while the results of the observation and documentation research served as the secondary data source. The outcomes of the results of the survey analysis showed that both the volume of books checked out and the number of library visitors are not constant. However, it was discovered through the numerous activities carried out by the library that the function of the library in raising the literacy rate of Malang Muhammadiyah Elementary School fourth grade pupils is entirely doable.","PeriodicalId":55728,"journal":{"name":"School Education Journal PGSD FIP Unimed","volume":"153 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139179043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ANALISIS VALIDITAS ISI PADA INSTRUMEN PENILAIAN AKHIR SEMESTER MATA PELAJARAN IPAS DI SD 小学 IPSAS 学科学期末评估工具的内容效度分析
School Education Journal PGSD FIP Unimed Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i4.54309
Anis Syafitri, D. Anggraini, Wina Mariana Parinduri, Titin Rahmayanti Rambe, Nurhamimah Rambe
{"title":"ANALISIS VALIDITAS ISI PADA INSTRUMEN PENILAIAN AKHIR SEMESTER MATA PELAJARAN IPAS DI SD","authors":"Anis Syafitri, D. Anggraini, Wina Mariana Parinduri, Titin Rahmayanti Rambe, Nurhamimah Rambe","doi":"10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i4.54309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i4.54309","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to analyze the content validity of instruments used at schools. In this research, content validity is measured from three aspects, namely material, construct, and language/culture/ethics aspects. The method used in this research uses quantitative descriptive methods. Content validity was assessed by 8 validators by filling a questionnaire. The results obtained from the validator are then analyzed by calculating the Aiken's V index. The Aiken's V value is used to ensure that the instrument used meets the content validity criteria and is categorized as suitable for use as a measuring tool. Based on analysis using Aiken's V, the averages obtained for the material, construct, and language/culture/ethics aspects were respectively in the very high, very high, and high categories. And overall the content validity of the instruments used in schools has met good content validity standards in the very high category. However, determining the criteria for a good assessment instrument is not only content validity, but also construct validity, empirical or item validity, and reliability. So, to further ensure that the quality of the end-of-semester assessment instruments used in schools is categorized as fully adequate, further research can be carried out by future researchers.","PeriodicalId":55728,"journal":{"name":"School Education Journal PGSD FIP Unimed","volume":"92 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139179502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PEMBERIAN REWARD DAN PUNISHMENT TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA KELAS V 奖惩对潘卡希拉教育五班学习成果的影响
School Education Journal PGSD FIP Unimed Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i3.50121
Riska Ardilla Safari, Ika Ari Pratiwi, S. Masfuah
{"title":"PEMBERIAN REWARD DAN PUNISHMENT TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA KELAS V","authors":"Riska Ardilla Safari, Ika Ari Pratiwi, S. Masfuah","doi":"10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i3.50121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24114/sejpgsd.v13i3.50121","url":null,"abstract":"The learning method is used as a means used to achieve learning objectives, namely the teacher uses the reward and punishment method in learning Pancasila Education. This study used a descriptive qualitative research method conducted at SD Negeri 02 Tempur. This study aims to describe the impact of reward and punishment on learning outcomes in Pancasila Education. The data collection technique used was through the observation, interview and documentation stages consisting of 10 people including 1 class V teacher and 9 class V students consisting of 3 male students and 6 female students. The results of the study show that reward and punishment have an impact on students' affective learning outcomes. The positive impact of reward and punishment is that it makes students more accomplished and more confident in increasing their knowledge, students do not repeat their behavior or mistakes and have an attitude of responsibility. The negative impact of reward and punishment is that it makes students feel arrogant about their learning outcomes and makes students less confident.","PeriodicalId":55728,"journal":{"name":"School Education Journal PGSD FIP Unimed","volume":"833 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139179116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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