ACS Applied Engineering Materials最新文献

{"title":"Bridging Link Triggered-Assembled Graphene Oxide Membranes with High Dye–Salt Separation Performance","authors":"Yan Zhang,&nbsp;Xin Yuan,&nbsp;Hao Chen,&nbsp;Yingxian Wang,&nbsp;Qinghui Wang,&nbsp;Liangcan He,&nbsp;Genghao Gong* and Xiang Mao*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaenm.4c0080910.1021/acsaenm.4c00809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaenm.4c00809https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaenm.4c00809","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The stability and efficiency of separation membranes for dye–salt solutions limit their broader application in environmental protection. Graphene oxide (GO) is promising due to its atomic-level thickness and nanochannel structure, but its narrow channels and solubility issues restrict permeability and stability. This work employed a 0D/2D double cross-linking strategy to modify GO membranes using tannic acid (TA) and Cu²⁺ with a stable ternary structure. The resulting Cu/GO-TA membrane with increased interlayer spacing (from 8.9 to 11.6 Å) displayed enhanced water flux that was three times greater than that of pristine GO while maintaining a high dye rejection rate (93.4% for methyl blue). The membrane effectively separated mixed dye–salt solutions, allowing the permeation of inorganic salts while rejecting dyes, and demonstrated consistent performance under different transmembrane pressures. The synergistic effects of TA and Cu²⁺ improved the mechanical strength and reduced the swelling of the GO membrane, optimizing selective dye–salt separation. This bridging link modification provides an efficient technological approach to enhance membrane performance and provides a feasible solution for more efficient and reliable treatment of dye wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":55639,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Engineering Materials","volume":"3 2","pages":"513–523 513–523"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143507624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biobased Cationically Photocurable Coatings with Omniphobicity and Their Applications","authors":"Ximing Zhong*,&nbsp;Yue Hong,&nbsp;Wenchao Min,&nbsp;Chao Chen,&nbsp;Guowei Liang,&nbsp;Xizhi Zhang,&nbsp;Hua Xu*,&nbsp;Hongjun Zhou and Xinhua Zhou,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaenm.5c0003410.1021/acsaenm.5c00034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaenm.5c00034https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaenm.5c00034","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this work, a biobased cationically photocurable omniphobic coating system was effectively developed via a facile strategy by using epoxidized soybean oil as a biomass coating precursor, tetrakis [(epoxycyclohexyl) ethyl] tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane as an effective cross-linking agent, and polydimethylsiloxane as an omniphobic agent to provide coatings with low surface energy. Due to the rational design of this coating system, no extrinsic organic solvent was added, and 20 s ultraviolet radiation was sufficient for coating curing. The as-prepared omniphobic coatings were highly optically transparent and mechanically robust, and they also possessed exceptional liquid repellency and chemical shielding durability against various contaminants and corrosive agents. Besides, these coatings exhibited remarkable self-cleaning performance and also could be appropriately used for anti-ink, antigraffiti, and antifingerprint purposes. In addition, they could be applied for fabricating functional noctilucent coatings and bestowed them with an omniphobic property. More strikingly, this coating system could be cured via sunlight exposure without compromising the omniphobic property, enabling these coatings to be availably applicable for various substrates, including the thermosensitive ones. Therefore, the features of facile preparation, short curing duration, and optional curing strategy, in addition to above versatile functions, make these biobased omniphobic coatings tremendously promising for practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":55639,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Engineering Materials","volume":"3 2","pages":"586–596 586–596"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143507754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmonic Aluminum Thin Films as Substrate Materials for Label-Free Optical Detection and Surface-Enhanced MALDI Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Alexander S. Lambert,&nbsp;Santino N. Valiulis,&nbsp;Alexander S. Malinick,&nbsp;Daniel D. Stuart and Quan Cheng*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaenm.4c0068310.1021/acsaenm.4c00683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaenm.4c00683https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaenm.4c00683","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this work, we report the plasmonic properties of aluminum films as substrate materials for multiple analytical platforms, including surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and MALDI-MS. The intrinsic optical sensitivity was characterized with ionic polymer coatings, lipid vesicles, and medically relevant biomarkers. In SPR imaging mode, the aluminum film allowed for the sensitive quantification of kinetic differences of binding interactions between the ionic polymer and biomarker peptides of CXCL8 and CXCL10. The binding was found to be correlated to the charge densities of the biomarkers and the polymer coating, and the use of an artificial urine matrix could alter the association behavior. The e-beam fabricated Al film was also shown to be effective for enriching phosphorylated peptides from milk proteins for mass spectrometric profiling. The surface-assisted ionization process was further investigated by comparing MALDI spectra of biomarkers obtained on conventional stainless steel plates, Au films, and Al films. Results indicate that aluminum films have <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> intensity values significantly higher than those on a steel plate and Au film, suggesting the electronic and plasmonic properties of aluminum thin films, especially those under UV conditions, may lead to an improved performance in MALDI signals. We believe that Al thin films have great potential as substrates for developing bioanalytical methods and can have vast benefits for the future study of biophysical interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":55639,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Engineering Materials","volume":"3 2","pages":"357–367 357–367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143507712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polysilazane-Cross-Linked Acrylic Coatings for Wood: A Versatile Solution for Weather Resistance, Stain Repellence, and Fire Safety","authors":"Amrita Chatterjee,&nbsp;Sushmit Sen,&nbsp;Shakshi Bhardwaj and Pradip K. Maji*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaenm.4c0080310.1021/acsaenm.4c00803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaenm.4c00803https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaenm.4c00803","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Acrylic-based wood coatings are widely recognized for their durability, UV resistance, flexibility, and rapid drying times, typically achieved by using isocyanate-based curing systems despite their inherent toxicity. Herein, a novel approach is presented that utilizes polysilazane (PSZ) as an alternative cross-linker to develop advanced acrylic coatings for wood applications. The incorporation of PSZ introduces significant improvements in structural and functional performance, including enhanced hydrophobicity, excellent weather resistance, and self-cleaning properties. Silica (SiO₂) nanoparticles are integrated into the system to synergistically boost flame retardancy, achieving a V0 rating, while further augmenting the surface’s low-energy characteristics. The resulting coatings exhibit a high-gloss, ultrasmooth finish with outstanding environmental barrier properties, effectively resisting stains, water, and harsh weather conditions. The PSZ-modified silica network fosters the formation of a low-energy surface, facilitating ease of cleaning and long-term antistaining performance. Furthermore, the coatings demonstrate exceptional thermal stability and flame resistance, validated through rigorous experimental evaluations. This innovative use of PSZ as a cross-linker not only offers an alternative to traditional isocyanate curing agents but also enhances the overall structural and functional capabilities of wood coatings. These advancements establish a high-performance solution with strong potential for commercialization in demanding wood protection applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":55639,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Engineering Materials","volume":"3 2","pages":"502–512 502–512"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143507578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Cluster Formation in Mixtures of Ester and Hydroxy-Terminated cis-1,4-Polyisoprene Chains in Oligomers of Natural Rubber","authors":"Mayank Dixit*,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Takashi Taniguchi*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaenm.4c0067910.1021/acsaenm.4c00679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaenm.4c00679https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaenm.4c00679","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The terminal structures of <i>cis</i>-1,4-polyisoprene (PI) chains significantly influence the exceptional mechanical properties of Hevea natural rubber (NR), including high toughness, wet skid resistance, and strain-induced crystallization. We conducted all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the structural and dynamic properties of PI melt systems with various terminal group combinations. These included single-component melts and binary mixtures of chains with ester- and hydroxy-terminated α-terminal groups. The study revealed that hydrogen bonding between α-terminal groups drive the formation of stable homogeneous and heterogeneous clusters. In single-component systems, hydroxy-terminal groups promoted homogeneous clusters, while in binary mixtures, heterogeneous clusters formed between ester and hydroxy terminals. These clusters, ranging in size from 2 to 5 chains, serve as physical junction points, slowing chain dynamics and enhancing network stability. Dynamic properties, such as rotational relaxation, Rouse mode times, and stress–stress autocorrelation, were significantly influenced by cluster formation, particularly in mixed systems. The stress–stress autocorrelation function, <i>G</i>(<i>t</i>), exhibits a Rouse-type relaxation behavior (<i>G</i>(<i>t</i>) ∼ <i>t</i>^–1/2) in the intermediate time range for PI₀. In contrast, the mixed melt systems PI₀ show a slower relaxation compared to the pure components. This slower relaxation is attributed to the formation of stable, well-ordered heterogeneous clusters, driven by hydrogen bonding between ester and hydroxy-terminal groups. These findings provide evidence for the formation of physical junction points between hydroxy- and ester-terminated polyisoprene chains through their respective α1, α2, α3, α4, α5, and α6 terminals. These physical junction points might be crucial for superior properties of NR such as high toughness, crack growth resistance, and strain-induced crystallization.</p>","PeriodicalId":55639,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Engineering Materials","volume":"3 2","pages":"337–356 337–356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsaenm.4c00679","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143507801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sonocatalytical Nanoparticles with Persistent Action after Ceasing Ultrasound for Water Disinfection","authors":"Zeinab Marfavi,&nbsp;Yijun Han,&nbsp;Yuhao Cai,&nbsp;Quanjie Lv,&nbsp;Kang Sun,&nbsp;Congli Yuan and Ke Tao*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaenm.4c0073410.1021/acsaenm.4c00734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaenm.4c00734https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaenm.4c00734","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Efficient water contaminant removal is critical for ecological and environmental sustainability. Developing energy-efficient, cost-effective catalysts compatible with existing water treatment systems is essential. This study introduces NdYVO₄:Eu³⁺ nanoparticles as promising sonocatalysts, capable of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) during ultrasound (US) exposure and maintaining persistent ROS activity for up to 12 h postexposure. These nanoparticles effectively degraded methylene orange and rhodamine B and demonstrated significant antibacterial efficacy against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The findings were further validated by using nanoparticle-coated industrial ceramic plates. This work provides an alternative procedure for US-triggered ROS production and suggests that NdYVO₄:Eu³⁺ nanoparticles might be promising in sonocatalytic water treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":55639,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Engineering Materials","volume":"3 2","pages":"419–429 419–429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143507551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CoFe Alloy Coated with Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon as both the Electrocatalyst and Lithium-Ion Accelerator for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries","authors":"Kaiying Shi,&nbsp;Youwei Wang,&nbsp;Yan Lu,&nbsp;Jun Jin*,&nbsp;Jianjun Liu,&nbsp;Xiangwei Wu and Zhaoyin Wen*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaenm.4c0083410.1021/acsaenm.4c00834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaenm.4c00834https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaenm.4c00834","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The development of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries with high capacity has been limited by the shuttle effect from slow kinetics of sulfur species and limited lithium-ion migration, leading to rapid capacity decay. Here, a CoFe alloy coated with nitrogen-doped porous carbon (CoFe@NPC) is designed as a separator modification material for Li–S batteries to enhance reaction kinetics and promote lithium-ion transportation. CoFe alloy prolongs the S–S and Li–S bonds of polysulfides, which lowers the reaction energy barrier during the reduction of polysulfides and oxidation of Li₂S, facilitating the deposition and dissociation of Li₂S. Moreover, the NPC layer and highly conductive CoFe alloy ensure timely lithium-ion sources during the polysulfide conversion process. Consequently, the CoFe@NPC-modified separator can effectively utilize active material and suppress polysulfide shuttle, bringing about improved performance of Li–S batteries. These batteries demonstrate a high initial discharge specific capacity of 1242.94 mA h g^–1 at 0.5 C and excellent long-term cycling stability with a capacity decay of only 0.033% per cycle over 400 cycles. Furthermore, the pouch cell with an initial capacity of 178.8 mAh shows stable cycling for over 60 cycles, highlighting the potential practical application of Li–S batteries. This work provides a proposal for the design of separator modification materials for practical Li–S batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":55639,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Engineering Materials","volume":"3 2","pages":"574–585 574–585"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143507766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Performance Phase Change Materials Based on Nanotextured Cu Foam and Paraffin for Efficient Thermal Energy Storage","authors":"Priscilla Jia Yuan Fok,&nbsp;Zhi Kai Ng,&nbsp;Ranjith Kandasamy,&nbsp;Hongling Li,&nbsp;Roland Yingjie Tay,&nbsp;Siu Hon Tsang and Teck Neng Wong*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaenm.4c0066810.1021/acsaenm.4c00668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaenm.4c00668https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaenm.4c00668","url":null,"abstract":"<p >While phase change materials (PCMs) possess high energy storage capacities, they suffer from long charging/discharging cycles due to poor thermal conductivity. Existing solutions integrate PCMs with thermally conductive porous matrices but often compromise the energy storage capacity of the PCM composites. To overcome the trade-off between energy storage capacity and power density of PCM composites, this work proposes a facile solution by synthesizing Cu(OH)₂ nanowires on Cu foam to produce a nanotextured Cu matrix. Benefiting from the uniform distribution of Cu(OH)₂ nanowires and their large surface area, the adhesion between the metal foam and PCM and the charging/discharging rates were obviously improved, which resulted in the nanotextured Cu foam-PCM composite only requiring half the time to change phase compared to pure PCM, indicating outstanding heat conductance of the nanotextured Cu foam. Additionally, the nanotextured Cu foam-PCM composite performed 96% better than pure PCM in terms of temperature uniformity. As such, utilization of the nanotextured Cu foam drastically increased the power density of the composite PCM without compromising its storage capacity. It was also observed, for the first time, that the nanotextured Cu foam induces fast propagating dendrites that allow the PCM to quickly charge and discharge its thermal energy. This work demonstrates the potential of employing nano- and microstructures to enhance the performance of latent heat thermal energy storage systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":55639,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Engineering Materials","volume":"3 2","pages":"314–324 314–324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143507658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Nonvacuum Fabrication Approaches for Transparent Electromagnetic Shielding Materials","authors":"Bahram Abedi Ravan*,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Peyman Yaghoubizadeh,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaenm.4c0070910.1021/acsaenm.4c00709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaenm.4c00709https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaenm.4c00709","url":null,"abstract":"<p >With the swift advancement of electronic information technology, there is a growing demand for enhanced shielding effectiveness and optical transparency in electromagnetic shielding materials across various fields, such as wearable electronics, electronic communication, and the military industry. Consequently, the exploration of high-performance electromagnetic shielding materials possessing both transparency and flexibility has become a focal point of research. This Review overviews recent progress in facile and nonvacuum-based approaches for crafting polymer- or glass-based, transparent electromagnetic shielding materials. It compares and summarizes preparation methods and deposition techniques for composite materials. Furthermore, the article explores the challenges related to the intricate balance of transparency, electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, and different methods offering potential solutions. It concludes by outlining prospective directions for the future development of nonvacuum and facile fabrication methods of glass or polymer-based transparent electromagnetic shielding composite materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":55639,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Engineering Materials","volume":"3 2","pages":"286–301 286–301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143507615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epoxy-Based Vitrimer/GNP Nanocomposites: Unleashing Superior Shape Recovery and Multifunctional Properties","authors":"Luiza Benedetti*,&nbsp;Kazue Orikasa,&nbsp;Alberto Jiménez-Suárez and Arvind Agarwal,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaenm.4c0075810.1021/acsaenm.4c00758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaenm.4c00758https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaenm.4c00758","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Vitrimers are revolutionizing the polymer industry with their extraordinary ability to be recycled, repaired, and reshaped, making them a promising alternative in several applications, including the aerospace and electronic industries. Recently, interconnected structures of 2D materials have been explored to overcome agglomeration and boost the thermal and electrical conductivity of polymer nanocomposites. In this study, we engineered a low-viscosity polymer grade to promote the high-quality infiltration of graphene foams produced via freeze-drying. The neat vitrimer and the vitrimer/GNP foam nanocomposite were characterized with respect to mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, particularly, shape recovery under different stimuli methods: hot water, hot plate, and electrical current. The nanocomposite resulted in a rapid shape recovery, surpassing the neat vitrimer across all conditions, particularly where conduction dominated heat transfer. When compared with the neat vitrimer, adding graphene resulted in ∼6% and 36.3% increases in elastic modulus and tan δ, respectively, while thermal and electrical conductivity improved by 6-fold (1.09 W m^–1 K^–1) and 10 orders of magnitude (0.043 S cm^–1), respectively. These findings underscore the exceptional capabilities of an interconnected reinforced phase within a polymer matrix. Furthermore, for the case of shape-memory polymers/vitrimers, the addition of graphene diversifies the stimuli options for shape recovery in electrically insulating matrices.</p>","PeriodicalId":55639,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Engineering Materials","volume":"3 2","pages":"430–443 430–443"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143507616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}