Auk最新文献

{"title":"100 YEARS AGO IN THE AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION","authors":"Leesia C. Marshall","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2001)118[0572:]2.0.co;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2001)118[0572:]2.0.co;2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55587,"journal":{"name":"Auk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91292312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic analysis demonstrates systematic but independent spatial variation in abiotic and biotic stressors across 59 percent of a global species range.","authors":"Katharine J Ruskin,&nbsp;Matthew A Etterson,&nbsp;Thomas P Hodgman,&nbsp;Alyssa C Borowske,&nbsp;Jonathan B Cohen,&nbsp;Chris S Elphick,&nbsp;Christopher R Field,&nbsp;Rebecca A Longenecker,&nbsp;Erin King,&nbsp;Alison R Kocek,&nbsp;Adrienne I Kovach,&nbsp;Kathleen M O'Brien,&nbsp;Nancy Pau,&nbsp;W Gregory Shriver,&nbsp;Jennifer Walsh,&nbsp;Brian J Olsen","doi":"10.1642/auk-16-230.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1642/auk-16-230.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The balance of abiotic and biotic stressors experienced by a species likely varies across its range, resulting in spatially heterogeneous limitations on the species' demographic rates. Support for spatial variation in stressors (often latitudinal gradients) has been found in many species, usually with physiological or correlative occupancy data, but it has rarely been estimated directly with demographic data. We collected demographic data from 23 sites spanning the majority of the Saltmarsh Sparrow (<i>Ammodramus caudacutus</i>) breeding range. Using data from 837 nests, we quantified the abiotic and biotic variables most important to nest survival, which is the dominant driver of both fecundity and population growth rate in this species. We separately estimated daily nest failure probability due to nest depredation (biotic stressor) and nest flooding (abiotic stressor), which collectively account for almost all nest failure in the species. Nest depredation decreased with latitude, whereas nest flooding was not related to latitude. Instead, nest flooding was best predicted by a combination of maximum high tide, extremity of rare flooding events, and date. For a single vital rate, we observed predictable variation in competing biotic and abiotic stressors across this species range. We observed that biotic and abiotic stressors were geographically independent, both on a large spatial scale and locally. Our results suggest that stressors on the fecundity of Saltmarsh Sparrow vary systematically across its range, but independently. The observed patterns of biotic and abiotic stress provide information for efforts to conserve the Saltmarsh Sparrow, which is considered threatened. Further, understanding the effects that different stressors, and their interactions, have on demographic rates is necessary to unravel the processes that govern species distributions and to effectively conserve biodiversity in the face of global change.</p>","PeriodicalId":55587,"journal":{"name":"Auk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2017-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1642/auk-16-230.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9945553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripheral androgen action helps modulate vocal production in a suboscine passerine.","authors":"Matthew J Fuxjager,&nbsp;Jonathan B Heston,&nbsp;Barney A Schlinger","doi":"10.1642/AUK-13-252.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1642/AUK-13-252.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Androgenic activation of intracellular androgen receptors (AR) influences avian vocal production, though this has largely been investigated at the level of the brain. We investigated the influence of predominantly peripheral AR on vocal output in wild Golden-collared Manakins (<i>Manacus vitellinus</i>). In this suboscine species, males court females by performing acrobatic displays and by producing relatively simple <i>chee-poo</i> vocalizations. To assess whether peripheral AR influences the acoustic structure of these vocal signals, we treated reproductively active adult males with the peripherally selective antiandrogen bicalutamide and then measured phonation performance. Inhibiting AR outside of the central nervous system increased the duration of the <i>chee</i> note and decreased the fundamental frequency of the <i>poo</i> note. This treatment caused no discernable change to <i>chee-poo</i> frequency modulation or entropy. Our results show that activation of peripheral AR mediates note-specific changes to temporal and pitch characteristics of the Golden-collared Manakin's main sexual call. Thus, our study provides one of the first demonstrations that androgenic action originating outside of the brain and likely on musculoskeletal targets can modulate avian vocal production.</p>","PeriodicalId":55587,"journal":{"name":"Auk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1642/AUK-13-252.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33137012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPLEX EVOLUTION OF BILE SALTS IN BIRDS.","authors":"Lee R Hagey,&nbsp;Nicolas Vidal,&nbsp;Alan F Hofmann,&nbsp;Matthew D Krasowski","doi":"10.1525/auk.2010.09155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2010.09155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bile salts are the major end-metabolites of cholesterol and are important in lipid digestion and shaping of the gut microflora. There have been limited studies of bile-salt variation in birds. The purpose of our study was to determine bile-salt variation among birds and relate this variation to current avian phylogenies and hypotheses on the evolution of bile salt pathways. We determined the biliary bile-salt composition of 405 phylogenetically diverse bird species, including 7 paleognath species. Bile salt profiles were generally stable within bird families. Complex bile-salt profiles were more common in omnivores and herbivores than in carnivores. The structural variation of bile salts in birds is extensive and comparable to that seen in surveys of bile salts in reptiles and mammals. Birds produce many of the bile salts found throughout nonavian vertebrates and some previously uncharacterized bile salts. One difference between birds and other vertebrates is extensive hydroxylation of carbon-16 of bile salts in bird species. Comparison of our data set of bird bile salts with that of other vertebrates, especially reptiles, allowed us to infer evolutionary changes in the bile salt synthetic pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":55587,"journal":{"name":"Auk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1525/auk.2010.09155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29497764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traffic Effects on Bird Counts on North American Breeding Bird Survey Routes","authors":"E. Griffith, J. Sauer, J. Andrew Royle","doi":"10.1525/auk.2009.09056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.09056","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. The North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) is an annual roadside survey used to estimate population change in >420 species of birds that breed in North America. Roadside sampling has been criticized, in part because traffic noise can interfere with bird counts. Since 1997, data have been collected on the numbers of vehicles that pass during counts at each stop. We assessed the effect of traffic by modeling total vehicles as a covariate of counts in hierarchical Poisson regression models used to estimate population change. We selected species for analysis that represent birds detected at low and high abundance and birds with songs of low and high frequencies. Increases in vehicle counts were associated with decreases in bird counts in most of the species examined. The size and direction of these effects remained relatively constant between two alternative models that we analyzed. Although this analysis indicated only a small effect of incorporating traffic effects when modeling roadside counts of birds, we suggest that continued evaluation of changes in traffic at BBS stops should be a component of future BBS analyses.","PeriodicalId":55587,"journal":{"name":"Auk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78411735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RESPONSES OF MALE TROPICAL MOCKINGBIRDS TO VARIATION IN WITHIN-SONG AND BETWEEN-SONG VERSATILITY.","authors":"Carlos A Botero,&nbsp;Sandra L Vehrencamp","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[185:ROMTMM]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[185:ROMTMM]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Despite their large vocal repertoires and otherwise highly versatile singing style, male mockingbirds (Mimus spp.) sometimes sing in a highly repetitive fashion. We conducted a playback experiment to determine the possible signal value of different syllable-presentation patterns during simulated male intrusions in the Tropical Mockingbird (Mimus gilvus), testing the hypothesis that more repetitive singing represents a stronger threat and generates a stronger aggressive response. Responses were measured in terms of approach and singing behavior and were analyzed using McGregor’s (1992) multivariate method. We also introduce the use of survival analysis for analyzing response variables for which subjects do not perform the behavior in question in at least one of the replicates (known as “right-censored variables” in the statistical literature). As predicted by theory, experimental subjects responded more aggressively to songs composed of a single note than to variable ones. However, versatility at the between-song level had an opposite effect: high song-switching rates generated stronger responses than low ones. Given the lack of a statistical interaction between within-song versatility and switching rate, we conclude that these two parameters may serve independent purposes and possibly transmit different information. We discuss the possibility that the signal value of variation in vocal versatility lies in the mediation of territorial conflicts, the attraction of female partners, the mediation of conflicts over access to reproductive females, or some combination of these functions. Respuestas de Machos de Mimus gilvus a Variación en Versatilidad Vocal Dentro- y Entre-cantos","PeriodicalId":55587,"journal":{"name":"Auk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[185:ROMTMM]2.0.CO;2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27466200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VOCALIZATIONS AND ASSOCIATED BEHAVIORS OF THE SOMBRE HUMMINGBIRD (APHANTOCHROA CIRRHOCHLORIS) AND THE RUFOUS-BREASTED HERMIT (GLAUCIS HIRSUTUS).","authors":"Adriana R J Ferreira,&nbsp;Tom V Smulders,&nbsp;Koichi Sameshima,&nbsp;Claudio V Mello,&nbsp;Erich D Jarvis","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[1129:vaabot]2.0.co;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[1129:vaabot]2.0.co;2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vocal behavior in tropical hummingbirds is a new area of study. Here, we present findings on the vocalizations and associated behaviors of two species: Sombre Hummingbird (Aphantochroa cirrhochloris) and Rufous-breasted Hermit (Glaucis hirsutus). These are the only hummingbirds in which the brain areas activated by singing have been demonstrated. They are also among the basal species of their respective subfamilies, Trochilinae and Phaethornithinae and, thus, represent early stages in the evolution of hummingbird vocal communication. We found that the two species exhibit distinctive vocalizations and behaviors. Sombre Hummingbird calls had more modulation and were often used during agonistic interactions, whereas Rufous-breasted Hermit calls had higher pitch and purer tones and were produced in less aggressive interactions. Sombre Hummingbird song was highly stereotyped in syllable structure and syntax, whereas Rufous-breasted Hermit song was highly variable. Comparative analysis points to consistent similarities in use of vocalizations by the Sombre Hummingbird and other trochilines, and by the Rufous-breasted Hermit and other phaethornithines. We hypothesize that differences in vocal behavior between hummingbird lineages arise as adaptations to their foraging strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":55587,"journal":{"name":"Auk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[1129:vaabot]2.0.co;2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27684104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation Medicine on the Galápagos Islands: Partnerships Among Behavioral, Population, and Veterinary Scientists.","authors":"Patricia G Parker, Noah Kerness Whiteman, R Eric Miller","doi":"10.1093/auk/123.3.625","DOIUrl":"10.1093/auk/123.3.625","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55587,"journal":{"name":"Auk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/auk/123.3.625","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37831037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NEST-SITE FIDELITY IN EASTERN BLUEBIRDS (SIALIA SIALIS) DEPENDS ON THE QUALITY OF ALTERNATE CAVITIES","authors":"M. Stanback, Ellen K. Rockwell","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[1029:NFIEBS]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[1029:NFIEBS]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Secondary cavity nesting birds have been predicted to switch their nesting location when the quality of the nest site declines such as from accumulation of soiled nest material and parasites. We hypothesized that nest-site switching in Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis) should depend not only on the condition of the original nest, but also on quality of alternate nest cavities. We tested that hypothesis experimentally by providing Eastern Bluebirds with attractive and unattractive nest boxes (as determined from a choice experiment). In one experiment, bluebirds were forced to choose between their soiled box of the preferred type and a clean box of the less-preferred type. Faced with that decision, a significant proportion of pairs opted to reuse their nest cavity, despite the ectoparasitism costs of that option. When given the choice between their soiled box of the preferred type and an identical but clean box, a significant proportion switched to the clean box, which suggests that soiled nests present some cost. By manipulating box type, we were able to decrease and increase, respectively, the costs of nest-site fidelity. Thus, bluebirds do not simply operate under a rule of thumb “switch nest sites when nest quality falls below point x.” Rather, they must weigh the declining quality of their current nest against the relative quality of all other available nest sites.","PeriodicalId":55587,"journal":{"name":"Auk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86075075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fifty-Fourth Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds","authors":"R. Chesser, R. Banks, F. Barker, C. Cicero, Jon L. Dunn, A. Kratter, I. Lovette, P. Rasmussen, J. Remsen, J. Rising, D. Stotz, K. Winker","doi":"10.1525/auk.2013.130.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2013.130.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"1U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, National Museum of Natural History, MRC-111, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, D.C. 20013, USA; 23201 Circle Hill Road, Alexandria, Virginia 22305, USA; 3Bell Museum of Natural History, 10 Church Street, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA; 4Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; 524 Idaho Street, Bishop, California 93514, USA; 6Florida Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 117800, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA; 7Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA; 8Michigan State University Museum and Department of Zoology, West Circle Drive, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA; 9Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Foster Hall 119, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA; 10Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Ramsay Wright Labs, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada; 11Environment, Culture and Conservation, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605, USA; and 12University of Alaska Museum, 907 Yukon Drive, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA","PeriodicalId":55587,"journal":{"name":"Auk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2003-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75250195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}