American Museum Novitates最新文献

{"title":"The First Tertiary Fossils of Mammals, Turtles, and Fish from Canada's Yukon","authors":"J. Eberle, J. Hutchison, K. Kennedy, W. Koenigswald, R. Macphee, G. Zazula","doi":"10.1206/3943.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1206/3943.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite over a century of prospecting and field research, fossil vertebrates are exceedingly rare in Paleogene and Neogene rocks in northern Canada's Yukon Territory. Here, we describe the first records of probable Neogene vertebrate fossils from the territory, including tooth fragments of a rhinocerotid, a partial calcaneum of an artiodactyl, shell fragments of the pond turtle Chrysemys s.l. and tortoise Hesperotestudo, and a fragment of a palatine of Esox (pike). Although the tooth fragments cannot be identified solely by traditional paleontological means, we use tooth enamel microstructure, and primarily the presence of vertical Hunter-Schreger bands, to refer them to the Rhinocerotidae. As the only known record of the Rhinocerotidae in North America's western Arctic, the tooth fragments from the Wolf Creek site support the hypothesis that the clade dispersed between Asia and North America across Beringia. The fossils are consistent with a Miocene age for the Wolf Creek site that is inferred from radiometric dates of the Miles Canyon basalt flows in the vicinity of the fossil locality. Further, the tortoise and pond turtle fossils indicate a mild climate in the Yukon at the time, consistent with the vegetation reconstructions of others that indicate a warmer, wetter world in the Miocene than today.","PeriodicalId":55527,"journal":{"name":"American Museum Novitates","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49366404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nest Architecture, Immature Stages, and Ethnoentomology of a New Species of Trigonisca from Northern Colombia (Hymenoptera: Apidae)","authors":"M. Engel, J. G. Rozen, P. A. Sepúlveda-Cano, C. Smith, Jennifer C. Thomas, R. Ospina-Torres, V. González","doi":"10.1206/3942.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1206/3942.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Stingless bees (Apinae: Corbiculata: Meliponini) are biologically and culturally important pollinators within the tropical and subtropical areas of the world. However, limited information is available for the majority of the species. Biological and systematic data are presented for a new species of Trigonisca Moure, from the arid region of La Guajira, Colombia. The genus is part of the distinctive Trigonisca genus group, noteworthy for its position as the earliest diverging extant lineage of neotropical stingless bees. We briefly diagnose the genus group and provide a key to the genera and subgenera of the Trigonisca genus group, along with the description of Exochotrigona Engel, new subgenus. We also outline the species occurring in Colombia and present a description for Trigonisca (Trigonisca) mepecheu Engel and Gonzalez, new species, including accounts of all three castes. A single, poorly preserved egg is noteworthy because of its extremely small size. Its chorion is extensively covered by a surface pattern of elevated geometric figures, as seems to be characteristic of the Meliponini. The robust mature larva, though remarkably small, exhibits extensive spiculation of dorsal body surfaces and most body segments with small, paired dorsolateral tubercles. In addition, the labral apex exhibits an apical patch of recently discovered multipronged spicules intermixed with various sensory sensilla. These morphological features of immature stages, where known, are similar to those previously reported for other Meliponini. We document the internal architecture of nests of T. mepecheu, which we found in trunks of Stenocereus griseus (Haw.) Buxb. (Cactaceae) and more commonly in Libidibia coriaria (Jacq.) Schltdl. (Fabaceae), along with nests of the only other stingless bee from La Guajira, Melipona favosa (Fabricius). Nests were also found in the sides of manufactured structures. The indigenous Wayúu harvest stingless-bee honey and have specific names in Wayuunaiki for the two species occurring in the region, although there is apparently an oral tradition in which the honey of T. mepecheu causes blindness. Trigonisca (Trigonisca) ameliae Penney from Colombian copal is a new junior synonym of T. (T.) schulthessi (Friese).","PeriodicalId":55527,"journal":{"name":"American Museum Novitates","volume":"2019 1","pages":"1 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42390769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Unexpected New Poropanchax (Cyprinodontiformes, Procatopodidae) from the Kongo Central Province, Democratic Republic of Congo","authors":"J. R. Van Der Zee, K. Bernotas, Pedro H. N. Bragança, M. Stiassny","doi":"10.1206/3941.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1206/3941.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A new procatopodid, assigned to the genus Poropanchax, is described from a wetland habitat located adjacent to the Inga Falls in Lower Congo. Poropanchax pepo, new species, is distinguished from all congeners by a combination of characters including a higher D/A ratio, rounded anal and dorsal fins, a humeral blotch in males, and the absence of a sharp ventral process on the basipterygium. The finding of a Poropanchax species in Lower Congo was unexpected, since the closest known congeneric population is located in northwestern Gabon, some 700 kilometers to the north. As recognized herein the genus Poropanchax is a clade comprised of five species geographically restricted to humid coastal regions of west and west-central Africa.","PeriodicalId":55527,"journal":{"name":"American Museum Novitates","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48933045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Egg and Mature Larva of a Species of Plebeia with a Preliminary Overview of the Mature Larvae of the Meliponini Relative to Those of Other Corbiculate Taxa (Apoidea: Apidae)","authors":"J. G. Rozen, C. Smith, D. Roubik","doi":"10.1206/3940.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1206/3940.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The egg and mature larva of a presently unnamed species of the bee genus Plebeia are anatomically described, illustrated, and compared with those of other known Meliponini, based on abundant specimens collected from two nests recovered from a tree at the Yasuní Scientific Station, Orellana Province, Ecuador. A key to the four tribes (Apini, Bombini, Euglossini, and Meliponini) of known mature corbiculate larvae is then presented. It, in turn, is followed by a preliminary larval description of the Meliponini based on those taxa the mature larvae of which are known so far. The main feature distinguishing the mature larva of the Meliponini is in its having a tapering slender elongate mandibular apex, which contrasts with the much shorter, robust mandibular apex of the other three tribes. Furthermore, unlike in the other tribes, late stage larval Meliponini possess paired dorsolateral tubercles on most abdominal segments.","PeriodicalId":55527,"journal":{"name":"American Museum Novitates","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44758840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Larval Anatomy of the Bee Tetragonula sapiens (Cockerell) (Meliponini); Further on the Larva of Melipona fallax Camargo and Pedro, with a Preliminary Characterization of Mature Larval Meliponini; and Analysis of Multipronged Spicules (Apoidea: Apidae)","authors":"J. G. Rozen, C. Smith","doi":"10.1206/3939.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1206/3939.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The small (length less than 6 mm) postdefecating larva of Tetragonula (Tetragonula) sapiens (Cockerell) from the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea is described and illustrated, the first representation of the immature stage for any member of this genus of stingless bees. A reexamination of the recently described larva of Melipona fallax Camargo and Pedro using a new technique reveals valuable insights regarding its integumental microstructures. On the basis of these findings and previously published accounts of larval representatives of five other genera (Melipona, Nogueirapis, Partamona, Plebeia, and Trigonisca), a preliminary description of the mature larva of the tribe Meliponini is presented. Multipronged spicules, recently discovered in meliponines, are investigated.","PeriodicalId":55527,"journal":{"name":"American Museum Novitates","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46758163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Species of Cerambycinae and Lamiinae (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera) from Mexico","authors":"F. Noguera, Nayeli Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1206/3938.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1206/3938.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Four new species of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera) from Mexico are described herein. Three are in the subfamily Cerambycinae: Aphysotes santossilvai, sp. nov., from Veracruz (new country record for the genus), Methia martinsi, sp. nov., from Oaxaca, and Corynellus lutescens, sp. nov., from Veracruz. The fourth is in the subfamily Lamiinae: Zikanita monnei, sp. nov., from Chiapas (also a new country record for the genus). All four species are illustrated with dorsal, ventral, lateral, and frontal views.","PeriodicalId":55527,"journal":{"name":"American Museum Novitates","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43820206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Trilobite Cluster from the Silurian Rochester Shale of New York: Predation Patterns and Possible Defensive Behavior","authors":"R. Bicknell, J. Paterson, M. Hopkins","doi":"10.1206/3937.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1206/3937.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Evidence of predator-prey interactions in the fossil record offers important insights into extinct ecosystems. As direct predator-prey relationships are rarely preserved, records of failed predation upon prey species are often considered. The biomineralized exoskeleton of trilobites is exemplary for recording injuries that have resulted from predation. Despite the extensive documentation of trilobite injuries, abnormal specimens are often documented in isolation, with examples of injuries among clustered individuals being poorly known. Here we document a well-preserved body cluster of 18 individuals of the large lichid trilobite Arctinurus boltoni from the mid-Silurian (Wenlock) Rochester Shale of New York, with eight specimens showing injuries. Landmark geometric morphometrics of the specimens is used to explore possible patterns between injured and noninjured specimens. Results of the morphometric analysis indicate that injured and noninjured specimens do not show any systematic difference in overall shape of the exoskeleton, but many of the larger specimens have injuries. The majority of injuries are posteriorly located and right-side dominant, highlighting the possibility of predator or prey lateralization. Biostratinomic evidence suggests that the cluster represents a biological aggregation that was rapidly buried in situ. Potential reasons for this gregarious behavior are discussed, including the possibility that individuals of A. boltoni grouped together to provide “safety in numbers” against predatory attack.","PeriodicalId":55527,"journal":{"name":"American Museum Novitates","volume":"2019 1","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43701873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Karyotypes of the North American Parthenogenetic Whiptail Lizard Aspidoscelis velox, and Return of Aspidoscelis innotatus to the Synonymy of A. velox (Reptilia: Squamata: Teiidae)","authors":"C. J. Cole, J. E. Cordes, James M. Walker","doi":"10.1206/3936.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1206/3936.1","url":null,"abstract":"Aspidoscelis velox is a triploid parthenogenetic species with clonal inheritance. We studied karyotypes of population samples representing diverse localities from much of its range. All specimens were triploids, but six different karyotypes were found with small differences among them, apparently resulting from chromosomal mutations that occurred after the origin of the species. As in other parthenogens, karyotypes and allozymes reveal variant clones in A. velox, but we do not recommend naming any of these genetic lineages as separate species. Specimens from the vicinity of Kanab, Kane County, Utah, have been treated by other herpetologists as a separate but morphologically similar species, Aspidoscelis innotatus, based on the assumption that they represented a diploid species. That assumption, made without any genetic evidence of ploidy, was recently based on evidence of histoincompatibility among certain population samples, but that could have been caused by factors other than ploidy (e.g., mutations at histocompatibility loci). We have examined specimens from Kane County, Utah, and all individuals were triploids similar to other population samples of A. velox from Arizona and New Mexico. 1 Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Herpetology), American Museum of Natural History. 2 Division of Sciences and Mathematics, Louisiana State University Eunice, LA. 3 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR. 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3936","PeriodicalId":55527,"journal":{"name":"American Museum Novitates","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49164910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Species of Inbiomyia from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil (Diptera: Inbiomyiidae)","authors":"P. Riccardi, D. Amorim","doi":"10.1206/3935.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1206/3935.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We describe and illustrate Inbiomyia azevedoi, sp. nov., the first species of Inbiomyiidae known from the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. SEM photos show that the bifurcated labella have on their ventral face rows of scalelike rasping teeth that may be used to graze on green algae, as the gut content of some specimens suggest. A reanalysis of the phylogeny of the genus using Australimyza mcalpineorum as designated outgroup and including I. azevedoi shows that all four groups of species previously proposed for the genus are monophyletic if I. anodonta is removed from the scoliostylus group. Inbiomyia anodonta and I. azevedoi are here transferred to the anemosyris group. In our results with implied weight, I. exul is sister to a clade including all other species of the genus, while the scoliostylus group appears as sister to the clade (mcalpineourum group + anemosyris group).","PeriodicalId":55527,"journal":{"name":"American Museum Novitates","volume":"2019 1","pages":"1 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47078937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Fossil Birds from the Earliest Eocene of Mongolia","authors":"Sarah C. Hood, Christopher R. Torres, M. Norell, J. Clarke","doi":"10.1206/3934.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1206/3934.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Understanding of the Asian early Paleogene avifauna is limited relative to that of North American and European avifauna of the same period. While major patterns of mammalian faunal exchange among these three regions across the Paleocene/Eocene boundary have been described, much less is known about the dynamics of bird diversity over the same time interval. Here, we report bird fossils from the earliest Eocene Bumban Member of the Naranbulag Formation in central Mongolia that add to the known record from Asia from just after this boundary. Most of this material, collected by the joint American Museum of Natural History/ Mongolia Academy of Sciences expeditions, is referable to a previously described taxon in Presbyornithidae (Anseriformes). However, five isolated elements are identified as comprising at least four species from at least three other major avian clades. While further inclusive phylogenetic analyses of each of these clades are necessary, the new remains represent possible earliest occurrences in Asia of these clades. The material includes a humerus and a furcula from shorebirds (Pan-Charadriiformes), a quadrate from a stem member of the flamingo-grebe lineage (Pan-Mirandornithes), and a coracoid from a stem galliform (Pangalliformes). We also report a humerus with uncertain phylogenetic affinities but with similarities to core Gruiformes. These new fossils expand our knowledge of the Asian avifauna during this time and have the potential to further inform our understanding of the early biogeography of these clades. The shorebird and flamingo-grebe material indicate that both these lineages were present in Asia by the earliest Eocene. The pan-mirandornithine quadrate provides insight into the early feeding ecology of the flamingo-grebe clade.","PeriodicalId":55527,"journal":{"name":"American Museum Novitates","volume":"2019 1","pages":"1 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47000135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}