Applied Engineering in Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Field Survey of Trunk Line Heating Gas Leaks in Commercial Broiler Houses","authors":"Jeremiah D. Davis, Baylor D. Arnold, Cody R. Smith, Kelly G. Griggs, Martha S. Rueda, Jesse C. Campbell, Carson M. Edge, J. Purswell","doi":"10.13031/aea.15470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.15470","url":null,"abstract":"Highlights Producers can spend less than 30-min per house to check for trunkline leaks and should check annually or when a drastic increase in fuel usage occurs. Leaking fittings on 101 houses surveyed were not correlated with either house age or floor area and averaged 6.9% ± 0.6% per house. Leaks seemed to be more about regulator quality and installation craftsmanship with variation across farms and houses within farms. Producers should get written verification from contractors/installers that newly constructed houses are free of leaks. Rigid gas piping systems should include periodic union fittings to allow for easy repair of leaks. Abstract. A field survey was conducted on 23 farms (101 broiler houses ranging in age from new to 33 years old) in central and south Alabama to evaluate the presence of gas leaks on the high-pressure trunk line. Gas trunk lines usually run on the outside of poultry houses exposing them to temperature fluctuations that cause expansion and contraction of the rigid steel piping. Each threaded connection has the potential to leak. A soap solution in a hand sprayer was used to spray each connection and evaluate the presence of a leak through bubble formation. Leaking fittings were evaluated as percentage of total fittings to account for variation across houses. Pearson correlation matrices were used to determine correlations of house age and floor area on total number of fittings and percentage of leaking fittings. Total number of fittings ranged from 36 to 170 per house and was strongly correlated to floor area [r(99) = 0.70, p < 0.0001]. Larger floor areas require more heaters and longer piping systems. Percentage leaking fittings ranged from minimum of 0% to maximum of 32% per house and was not correlated with either house age [r(99) = 0.03, p = 0.74] or floor area [r(99) = 0.05, p = 0.65] for the houses surveyed. Leaks seemed to be more about regulator quality and installation craftsmanship with variation across farms and houses within farms. Of houses surveyed, the overall mean leaking fittings was 6.9% ± 0.6%. Poultry producers should get written verification from the gas line contractor/installer that newly constructed houses are free of leaks before operating the farm. It would be useful for poultry producers to check for leaks annually to verify system integrity and to monitor any developing leaks. Keywords: Broiler house, Gas leaks, Heating fuel, Natural gas, Propane.","PeriodicalId":55501,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering in Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67052706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Acoustic Based Local Positioning System for Dynamic UAV in GPS-Denied Environments","authors":"Lok Wai Jacky Tsay, Shiigi Tomoo, Zichen Huang, Hiroaki Nakanishi, Tetsuhito Suzuki, K. Shiraga, Y. Ogawa, N. Kondo","doi":"10.13031/aea.15397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.15397","url":null,"abstract":"Highlights A positioning system for mobile UAVs is needed in a GPS-denied environment. A Doppler shift compensation algorithm was proposed. The successful detection rate and positioning errors were 90.2% and 75.9 ± 39.1 mm, respectively. The system performance meets the requirements for mobile UAVs in an indoor environment. Abstract. An alternative positioning system, the Spread Spectrum Sound-based Local Positioning System (SSSLPS), was developed to extend the usage of UAVs in GPS-denied environments, such as greenhouses. To date, it has been proven that the SSSLPS could provide a centimeter-level locational accuracy of static objects and dynamic ground robots. In this research, the ranging and positioning performance of SSSLPS were evaluated with the system mounted on a UAV. Meanwhile, to minimize the Time of Arrival (ToA) estimation error and improve positioning accuracy, a novel Doppler shift compensation algorithm was proposed. Experiments were conducted, and the measurement accuracy was evaluated by comparing the measurement of the motion capture system. The results show a successful detection rate of 90.2% using the proposed algorithm and a position error of 75.9 mm. These results demonstrate that the SSSLPS with spectrum peak algorithm can improve positioning accuracy and enable the SSSLPS to be an accurate positioning system for UAVs in a greenhouse. Keywords: Dopper shift, Greenhouse robots, Positioning system, ToA estimation, UAV.","PeriodicalId":55501,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering in Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67053000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single Banana Appearance Grading with Ppyolo-Banana","authors":"DianHui Mao, DengHui Zhang, XueSen Wang, DongDong Lv, JianWei Wu, JunHua Chen","doi":"10.13031/aea.15290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.15290","url":null,"abstract":"Highlights An inspection method for grading the appearance of bananas using a target detection algorithm is proposed—by calculating the number and area ratio of different defective areas as a discriminating criterion. The Mish activation function makes the network easier to optimize and improves generalization performance. CustomPAN adds an attention mechanism, optimized for better multi-feature fusion. Optimized loss function in regression task with DIoULoss. Abstract. With the development of the fruit individual packaging industry, the appearance quality of individually packaged fruits has put forward higher requirements. Due to the dense and uneven defects on the surface of bananas, the existing detection algorithms are prone to the problem of unrecognizable or degraded recognition accuracy. In this article, we propose an efficient banana surface defect detection model, the PPYOLO-Banana model. PPYOLO-Banana is based on the PPYOLOE+-m model with improved model structure and loss function, and the optimized CustomPAN can get more multi-level features, and compared with the original network PPYOLOE+-m model, the algorithm significantly improves the accuracy, with an average accuracy improvement of 2.2% (1.3% for the original image test set). mAP of PPYOLO-Banana is 97.0% (96.1% for the original image test set), which is 14.3% higher than the PPYOLOE model, and 10.9%, 8.9%, 8.9%, and 8.1% higher than the YOLOX, YOLOX-tiny, YOLOv5, and YOLOV4 models, respectively. The detection speed of the PPYOLO-Banana model is 17.71 frames per second, which is 2.95, 2.10, 1.90, and 0.98 times higher than that of YOLOv3, YOLOv4, YOLOX, and YOLOX-tiny, respectively. The results show that the proposed PPYOLO-Banana model achieves a balance between accuracy and speed in recognizing banana surface defects, improves the quality detection capability of individually packed fruits, it can effectively grade the quality of banana appearance, and has good potential to become an intelligent sorting machine. Keywords: Banana defect recognition, Banana appearance grading, CustomPAN, DIoULoss, PPYOLOE+.","PeriodicalId":55501,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering in Agriculture","volume":"2017 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135560118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization Trends and Impact of Secukinumab Treatment on Clinical Outcomes in Biologic-Naive Patients with Psoriasis in a US Real-World Setting.","authors":"Bruce Strober, Dhaval Patil, Robert R McLean, Melissa Moore-Clingenpeel, Ning Guo, Eugenia Levi, Mark Lebwohl","doi":"10.1007/s13555-022-00740-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13555-022-00740-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Real-world evidence has demonstrated the effectiveness of secukinumab in the treatment of psoriasis; however, limited data are available on patient profiles of US secukinumab initiators over time and clinical outcomes in biologic-naive patients. This study describes clinical characteristics of secukinumab initiators by year, and the clinical outcomes in patients after 6- and/or 12-month follow-up visits, stratified by prior biologic use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational study included patients enrolled in the CorEvitas (formerly Corrona) Psoriasis Registry. Analyses were conducted in two patient cohorts: (1) all secukinumab initiators, stratified by year, and (2) those who initiated and maintained secukinumab through a 6- and/or 12-month follow-up visit. For all secukinumab initiators, patient characteristics at initiation were described per calendar year; in initiators with follow-up visits, mean (SD) differences in percentage affected body surface area (BSA), five-point Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA), and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores between baseline and follow-up visits were calculated. Analyses were conducted separately for biologic-naive and biologic-experienced patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2015 and 2020, the proportion of secukinumab initiators in the registry who were biologic-naive increased each year from 12.5% to 49.7%. Overall, 1518 patients initiated secukinumab at or after enrollment; 980 (64.6%) were biologic experienced, and 538 (35.4%) were biologic naive. At 6 months, biologic-experienced and biologic-naive patients reported mean (SD) decreases in BSA (-9.3 [14.5] versus -11.7 [16.6]), IGA (-1.4 [1.3] versus -1.7 [1.4]), and PASI (-5.2 [6.6] versus -6.7 [7.8]). The proportion of patients with an IGA score of clear/almost clear (0/1) increased over fivefold, irrespective of biologic experience. At 12 months, similar improvements were seen.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proportion of biologic-naive secukinumab initiators increased over time. Biologic-naive patients demonstrated similar improvements in clinical outcomes compared with biologic-experienced patients, suggesting that secukinumab may be considered as a first-line therapy for psoriasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":55501,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering in Agriculture","volume":"22 1","pages":"1351-1365"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9100304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89027760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Practical Approach for Estimating Influent-Effluent Mass Flow Differences in Dairy Manure-Based Anaerobic Co-Digestion Systems","authors":"R. Labatut, J. W. Morris, C. Gooch","doi":"10.13031/aea.14180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.14180","url":null,"abstract":"HighlightsThree rigorous, methods for estimating influent-effluent mass flow differences due to biogas generation in manure-based anaerobic co-digestion systems are presented.The methods developed reveal that influent-effluent mass flow differences are driven by waste biochemical conversion - biogas water vapor content is insignificant.A simple, input-based method produced comparable results to two, more complex, output-based methods, when tested using 12 months of data collected from three dairy-based anaerobic co-digestion systems.Abstract.During co-digestion of dairy manure and off-farm organic waste in farm anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) systems, the process’s conversion of biodegradable organics to biogas reduces the volumetric mass (or mass-volume) of the effluent discharged compared to the mass-volume fed. In this study, we present three methods for estimating the mass-flow difference between influent and effluent due to conversion to biogas based on widely accepted, rigorously applied, biological and engineering principles. Monthly operating data from three full-scale AcoD systems, operated under different conditions for a full year were used to compare results using the three calculation methods. Results revealed that the predictions of influent mass flow loss obtained using a simplified input-based method primarily based on influent volumetric flow rates and biodegradability data were in good agreement with those obtained using more accurate, real-time data, namely methane concentration and biogas production. For AcoD systems adding off-site wastes at around 30% or less of the total influent volatile solids (VS), the estimated reduction in effluent flow was in the range of 3% or less. In one case, for VS additions up to approximately 60% of the AcoD system’s influent load, the reduction was 12%. Accepted fundamental water vapor relationships were also applied to biogas generation. Biogas water vapor loses were estimated to comprise approximately 0.2% of the total biogas mass-volume typically produced. Since in most anaerobic digestion systems, biogas condensate water is returned to the influent, this insignificant amount may be ignored. Keywords: Anaerobic, Biogas, Co-digestion, Dairy manure, Digestion, Food waste, Volume-mass flow conversion.","PeriodicalId":55501,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering in Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67044556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recognizing Potassium Deficiency Symptoms in Soybean with ANN on FPGA","authors":"M. Sartin, Alexandre Cesar Rodrigues da Silva, C. Kappes","doi":"10.13031/aea.14302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.14302","url":null,"abstract":"HighlightsIdentifying the deficiency of potassium macronutrients in the soybean crop using artificial neural network (ANN).Image processing based on ANN using a reconfigurable device.Processing and representation of data in neurons are in floating point.Abstract. Precision agriculture aims to improve the production of field crops using different techniques to manage the planting stages, such as the monitoring of field crops by images, fertilization control, nutrient analysis of the soil, and pest and weed control. By investigating field images, a plant leaf can be used to identify the lack of nutrients or the presence of diseases. This study developed a system that identifies the macronutrient deficiency of potassium in soybean crops by analyzing leaves. The methodology of this study was developed using different abstractions (Matlab and FPGA) to obtain consolidated results and facilitate low-level abstraction. The main contribution of this study is developing a multilayer artificial neural network system for a reconfigurable device. The developed system was applied in the image segmentation to determine potassium deficiency using soybean leaves and compared with a high-level abstraction system. The results of the reconfigurable device show that the mean hit percentages are 92%, 96%, and 95% in the leaf, trefoil, and field, respectively. The mean square error values were in the range of 10-2 and the quality factor was between 8.5 and 9.0. Keywords: Artificial Neural Networks, Digital image processing, Potassium deficiency, Reconfigurable device, Soybean.","PeriodicalId":55501,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering in Agriculture","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67045207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Monitoring System to Assess the Internal Environment of Bagged Grain in Storage","authors":"M. Omodara, M. Montross, S. McNeill, M. Sama, Doug E. Carr","doi":"10.13031/aea.14528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.14528","url":null,"abstract":"HighlightsA temperature and relative humidity monitoring system for bagged grain was developed.Continuous monitoring of condition of bagged corn and paddy was done for four months.Temperature and relative humidity within bagged grain followed the ambient conditions.Equilibrium moisture content of the stored grain increased by 1.2% during storage.Abstract.Most farmers in African countries produce small amounts of grain per season and use polypropylene bags for grain storage. Little published information is available on the temperature and moisture change of bagged grain even though high losses are observed. Commercially available moisture meters are expensive and not suitable for providing real-time information on the condition of bagged grain. A monitoring system was developed to assess the internal environment of bagged grain stored in warehouses. The system has eight on-board integrated temperature and relative humidity sensors connected to a custom Arduino-based data acquisition system which recorded a time stamp, temperature, and relative humidity onto a microSD card. Four units were deployed in two warehouses in Nigeria from 3 May 2019 to 9 September 2019. There were 54 bags of corn in Ilorin, and 4000 bags of paddy rice in Tede. Average monthly temperatures recorded at various locations in the warehouse were significantly different (p<0.05). The errors in temperature and relative humidity measurement were 0.2°C and 3.7%, respectively. Equilibrium moisture content of bagged corn and paddy increased by 1.1 and 1.2 percentage points (wet basis), respectively. Data acquired by the system can be used to monitor the condition of bagged grain and detect potential spoilage. This system would help warehouse managers make informed decisions to reduce storage losses. Keywords: EMC, Grain bag storage, Loss management, Moisture, Resilience, Temperature.","PeriodicalId":55501,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering in Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67048352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Leveling Control Model Establishment and Experiment Analysis","authors":"Zhongshan Wang, Wenxing Ma, Tongjian Wang, Chongxing Liu","doi":"10.13031/aea.14501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.14501","url":null,"abstract":"Highlights The vehicle body leveling control model based on tire stiffness and wheel centroid displacement is established in this article.The average pitch angle error is 7.94%, and the tilt angle average error is 4.37%.The body leveling control algorithm developed based on this model can be applied to the automatic leveling control of hilly tractors and cars.Abstract. The body leveling control system is the core part of the attitude control of the hilly mountain tractor. It calculates the body posture in real-time according to the body leveling control model and makes corresponding control strategies. The accuracy of the control model directly affects the vehicle leveling accuracy. This article proposes the leveling control model based on tire stiffness and tire mass displacement. The slope road surface excitation information is collected in the field, and the road surface excitation data is processed appropriately. The accurate road surface excitation information is obtained. The input of the simulation model is displacement data. However, the collected road excitation information is the acceleration signal. Thus, the acceleration signal is converted to the displacement signal through the frequency domain integration method. The comparison between the calculated calculation results and the experimentally acquired attitude data indicates that the average pitch angle error is 7.94%, and the average tilt angle error is 4.37%. Accordingly, the vehicle body leveling control model established in this article is compatible with the experimental results and can accurately output the body posture and develop the body tone. Keywords: Control, Hydraulic, Leveling, Pavement, Road","PeriodicalId":55501,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering in Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67048424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lidar and Radar Enable the Next Generation of Dairy Cattle Feeding","authors":"Matthias Reger, J. Stumpenhausen, H. Bernhardt","doi":"10.13031/aea.14741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.14741","url":null,"abstract":"HighlightsDevelopments in automatized feeding lead to farms being locked industrial production sites.LiDAR and Radar facilitate driverless feed mixers by covering navigation and safety aspects.External safety of driverless vehicles can be compensated with optical, acoustical and organizational measures.Abstract. Present automatic feeding systems (AFS) for dairy cattle are predominantly machines with additional external structures, e.g., bus bars and guide rails. In order to achieve complete automation of the feeding process, future AFS must be adaptable to different types of farm structures. Technologies such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and Radar (Radio Detection and Ranging) enable free navigation of self-propelled feed mixer wagons and make important contributions to personal protection and collision avoidance. This enables the feed mixer to reach silo systems independently, remove feed and present it at the feed table. Using a self-propelled mixer feeder, both LiDAR and Radar are comparatively analyzed in a practical series of tests under farm conditions. Research into the legal framework and an exemplary risk assessment lay the conceptual basis for future automatic feeding systems. The aim of this consideration is to derive a coordinated concept for the areas of navigation and collision protection in an automatic feeding system for next-generation dairy cattle. Keywords: AFS, AGV, Automation, Dairy, Feeding, Laser, LiDAR, Radar.","PeriodicalId":55501,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering in Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67049639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS MODELED AIR SPEED THROUGH IN-SHELL PEANUTS IN DRYING WAGONS COMPARED TO MEASURED AIR SPEED","authors":"Joseph S. McIntyre, C. Butts, Quentin D. Read","doi":"10.13031/aea.14771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.14771","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract.HighlightsPeanut drying wagon internal airflow simulation and visualization.Comparison of computer fluid dynamic (CFD) solutions to measured air speed.Modeling of airflow through masses of in-shell peanuts. Information is lacking about airflow through masses of drying in-shell peanuts in drying wagons because of the difficulties encountered in making direct measurements. Information about airflow is needed to improve efficiency of drying peanuts to make peanut crops more profitable. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeled airflow through in-shell peanuts loaded in drying wagons was validated using actual airflow measurements. CFD models allow for the investigation of airflow within peanut loads and the air plenum of drying wagons. Airflow through a wagon load of in-shell peanuts treated as a solid mass with distributed resistance was modeled using airflow behavior following Darcy’s law. CFD model simulations were undertaken using measured air speed, wagon air plenum static air pressure, and fan performance curve data. CFD modeling was based on actual air speed measurements made at 40 locations on the top surface of wagon loads of in-shell peanuts. The 40 measurement locations represented the top center of 40 blocks which the peanut load was divided into to investigate air speed. To match actual measurements to CFD model results, CFD models were configured with the same 40 blocks as those of the actual measurements. In CFD models, the permeability of the peanuts in each of the 40 blocks could be varied in a trial-and-error fashion to increase or decrease the air speed at the top surface of the peanut load to match that of the actual air speed measured for each of the blocks. Model results reproduced the measured air speed to within the accuracy limits of the air speed measurements. The air speed and static air pressure distribution in the wagon air plenum was found not to be uniform even when all blocks had the same permeability. Model results revealed wagon air plenum air speed patterns and static air pressure distribution could explain the general air speed distribution of slower air speeds at the top surface of the peanut load near the wagon air inlet wall and the increasing air speed along the length of the wagon. Permeability variations within the peanut load were found to explain localized variations in air speed at the top surface of the peanut load. Keywords: Air speed, Airflow, Modeled results compared to measured, Computational fluid dynamics modeling, Drying wagon, In-shell Peanuts, Peanut bulk permeability, Peanut curing, Peanut drying .","PeriodicalId":55501,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering in Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67050163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}