Archaeological Prospection最新文献

{"title":"Investigating ancient agricultural field systems in Sweden from airborne LIDAR data by using convolutional neural network","authors":"Melda Küçükdemirci,&nbsp;Giacomo Landeschi,&nbsp;Mattias Ohlsson,&nbsp;Nicolo Dell'Unto","doi":"10.1002/arp.1886","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1886","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Today, the advances in airborne LIDAR technology provide high-resolution datasets that allow specialists to detect archaeological features hidden under wooded areas more efficiently. Still, the complexity and large scale of these datasets require automated analysis. In this respect, artificial intelligence (AI)-based analysis has recently created an alternative approach for interpreting remote sensing data. In this study, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed to detect clearance cairns, which are visible in today's landscape and act as important markers of past agricultural activities. For this aim, the U-shape network architecture is adapted, trained from scratch with an original labelled dataset and tested in various field sites, focusing on southern Sweden. Although it is challenging to tune the hyperparameters and decide on the proper network architecture to obtain reliable prediction, long-running experimental tests with this model produced promising results, with training and validation metrics of 0.8406 Dice-coefficient, 0.7469 Val-dice coefficient, and 0.7350 IuO and 0.6034 Val-IoU values, once trained with the best parameters. Thus, the proposed CNN model in this study made data interpretation quicker and guided scholars to focus on the location of the target objects, opening a new frontier for future landscape analysis and archaeological research.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"30 2","pages":"209-219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1886","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46986947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated methods for image detection of cultural heritage: Overviews and perspectives","authors":"Ariele Câmara,&nbsp;Ana de Almeida,&nbsp;David Caçador,&nbsp;João Oliveira","doi":"10.1002/arp.1883","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1883","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Remote sensing data covering large geographical areas can be easily accessed and are being acquired with greater frequency. The massive volume of data requires an automated image analysis system. By taking advantage of the increasing availability of data using computer vision, we can design specific systems to automate data analysis and detection of archaeological objects. In the past decade, there has been a rise in the use of automated methods to assist in the identification of archaeological sites in remote sensing imagery. These applications offer an important contribution to non-intrusive archaeological exploration, helping to reduce the traditional human workload and time by signalling areas with a higher probability of presenting archaeological sites for exploration. This survey describes the state of the art of existing automated image analysis methods in archaeology and highlights the improvements thus achieved in the detection of archaeological monuments and areas of interest in landscape-scale satellite and aerial imagery. It also presents a discussion of the benefits and limitations of automatic detection of archaeological structures, proposing new approaches and possibilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"30 2","pages":"153-169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1883","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44331909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of historical trackways in forests using contextual geospatial analyses","authors":"Martina Slámová,&nbsp;Noémi Beljak Pažinová,&nbsp;Ingrid Belčáková,&nbsp;Ján Beljak,&nbsp;Pavol Maliniak","doi":"10.1002/arp.1882","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1882","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article demonstrates the application of the methods unravelling microtopographic features, specifically, sunken linear landforms indicating remains of historical trackways in forests. These are related to the ‘<i>Magna</i> Via’ route in the vicinity of the Deserted Castle and the Peťuša Castle in Central Slovakia. The microtopography validation dataset indicating sunken linear landforms was used to evaluate the data overlap of tracks identified by the global positioning and navigation system (GNSS) and a model of tracks created with the least cost path (LCP) algorithm. Microtopographic features derived from a digital relief model generated by high-resolution Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) scans (density of 5 points/pixel) allowed us to determine the exact position (submeter total vertical and horizontal accuracy) of certain segments of the GNSS tracks and LCP overlapping the sunken linear landforms. Moreover, the LCP model shows the most efficient trackways considering the travel costs depending on the slope parameter.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"30 2","pages":"135-152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1882","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47723717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ground Penetrating Radar detection of unmarked historic graves at the Fairlawn Cemetery in Stillwater, Oklahoma","authors":"Ahmed Diab,&nbsp;Ahmed Ismail","doi":"10.1002/arp.1884","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1884","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey was conducted to detect historic unmarked graves from the period of the Civil War (1861–1865) at the Fairlawn Cemetery in Stillwater, Oklahoma. The GPR survey at the Fairlawn Cemetery will help preserve the unmarked historic graves if they exist or clear sections of the cemetery for possible expansion. GPR detection of historic graves are often a challenge as these graves are made of wooden boxes, bones and coffins, with no metal caskets or concrete burial vaults. It was even more challenging to detect unmarked graves in this study as the cemetery is covered with iron-rich silty clay soil, which attenuates the GPR signals. We conducted the GPR survey along a grid consisting of 44 parallel 30-m-long profiles spaced at 50-cm intervals using the 400-MHz antenna. The acquired GPR data were processed as 2D profiles and produced a pseudo-3D GPR volume to resolve the unmarked graves. Multiple features extracted from the pseudo-3D volume at depths ranging from 0.7 to 1.3 m aligned along three north–south rows. Based on the dimensions, orientation, distribution and depth of burial of the anomalous features relative to the recent graves, we interpreted these features as unmarked graves. This study has demonstrated the GPR as an effective non-invasive technique in detecting historical unmarked graves that contain no metal caskets or concrete burial vaults. This work will contribute not only to the science of historical archaeology but also to prehistorical archaeology, as caskets were not typically part of the prehistorical burials, and the modern-day archaeology, particularly in the cases of mass graves in recent conflicts.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"30 2","pages":"171-183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45860442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The sediment at the end of the tunnel: Geophysical research to locate the Pleistocene entrance of Gruta da Companheira (Algarve, Southern Portugal)","authors":"Alvise Barbieri,&nbsp;Federico T. Regala,&nbsp;João Cascalheira,&nbsp;Nuno Bicho","doi":"10.1002/arp.1881","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1881","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Until recently, evidence of Neanderthal cave use in the Algarve (Southern Portugal) came only from the site of Ibn Ammar. Over the last couple of years, archaeological excavations inside another cave, Gruta da Companheira, yielded Mousterian stone tools associated with possible human fossils. The discovery of this assemblage is groundbreaking because it may contribute to enlighten the Neanderthal/cave relationship and explain the dearth of similar sites in the Algarve. Gruta da Companheira, however, is a complex karst system, which was partly destroyed during its accidental discovery. As result, the original entrance of the cave remains unknown, and it is unclear how sediments, archaeological materials and Neanderthals accessed the site. To tackle these issues, we combined geomorphological observations with speleological, Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) prospections. Our data indicate that Gruta da Companheira was probably accessed from the hilltop through a sub-vertical entrance. Additionally, our results suggest the existence of yet unexplored shallower cavities connected with the already known passages of Gruta da Companheira. These results will guide the opening of new excavation areas at the site. The limestone bedrock hosting Gruta da Companheira has been extensively dissolved by karst processes. Therefore, it is necessary to focus future research on the cave infillings to clarify whether Neanderthals exploited the cave's inner chambers or alternatively limited their occupations to the hilltop and geogenic processes reworked their materials into the endokarst system shortly after their stays. The deep karstification and partial collapse of the hill hosting Gruta da Companheira are common in limestone outcrops that occur throughout the Western Algarve. Poor visibility and poor accessibility of this karst area, densely covered with shrubby vegetation, are factors that need to be considered when addressing the scarcity of Middle Palaeolithic cave sites in this region.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"30 2","pages":"117-134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1881","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43033355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SURVEY, DRILL AND EXCAVATE. Complex geoarchaeological prospection of Bronze Age mounds as a key for understanding undermound architecture. A case study from Myluvannia, Western Ukraine","authors":"Jakub Niebieszczański,&nbsp;Jan Romaniszyn,&nbsp;Przemysław Makarowicz,&nbsp;Vitalii Rud","doi":"10.1002/arp.1880","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1880","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the area of Western Ukraine, some aspects of mound (barrow) chronology might be resolved by using non- or minimally invasive archaeological prospection. As the cemeteries usually comprise two temporal units—the Late Neolithic Corded Ware Culture (third millennium BC) and Middle Bronze Age Komarów culture (second millennium BC)—by referring to particular funerary rites Komarów culture and their magnetic reflection, they can be distinguished by means of magnetometry survey supported with verification drilling. Recognition of the internal structure of the cemeteries is essential when confronted with their vast occurrence in Western Ukraine and also the morphological similarity of mounds. However, due to the great diversity in known grave architecture of the Komarów culture, it is essential to stress that the methodological approach presented here applies only to the specific construction type of burnt wooden and clay structures, which rarely appear in Corded Ware Culture funerary practices. In addition to excavation, the applied methods provided preliminary information on the cultural affiliation and time of the construction of two mounds in Myluvannia in the pre-excavation stage of research. In this light, it is therefore possible to assess the potential occurrence of Komarów culture mounds in other Western Ukrainian mound cemeteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"30 2","pages":"105-116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1880","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47695861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting Fara: Comparison of merged prospection results of diverse magnetometers with the earliest excavations in ancient Šuruppak from 120 years ago","authors":"Sandra E. Hahn,&nbsp;Jörg W. E. Fassbinder,&nbsp;Adelheid Otto,&nbsp;Berthold Einwag,&nbsp;Abbas Ali Al-Hussainy","doi":"10.1002/arp.1878","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1878","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ancient Šuruppak, today Fara, was one of the major Sumerian cities in Mesopotamia. It was situated along one of the ancient watercourses of the Euphrates River. Findings date it back to the Jemdet Nasr period around 3000 <span>bc</span> with a continuous occupation until the end of the Ur III period around 2000 <span>bc</span>. Fara was first explored and excavated by the Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft in the years 1902 and 1903 under the direction of Walter Andrae. Multiple excavation trenches with lengths up to 900 m transect the 1 km² wide mound and are still visible today which enables us to georeference the excavation maps. Today, the 2.2 km² wide archaeological area is dry and without any vegetation. Thousands of deep looting pits are covering the majority of mound which not only destroyed its upper metres but also challenge the application of geophysical prospection methods and their interpretation. The magnetometer prospecting of selected areas on and around the mound was carried out with three devices, two total field magnetometers and one gradiometer. The individual survey areas were combined in post-processing by applying a high-pass filter on the total field data sets and multiplying the vertical gradiometer data sets by a factor of two. This approach provides visually uniform magnetograms, despite being obtained by different devices, which simplifies subsequent visual interpretation. These magnetograms enable us to review, and to extend the results of the old excavations. The comparison show a good correlation in accuracy to the old drawings and positive identification of the already excavated features with magnetometry. Highlights of the survey are the discovery of the city wall confirming its existence, the layout of a unique building complex in the centre of the mound, likely a temple, traces of canals inside the city and an evaluation of magnetometer prospection over a looted area.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"29 4","pages":"623-635"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1878","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46035294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A model of spatial location: New data for the Gor River megalithic landscape (Spain) from LiDAR technology and field survey","authors":"Carolina Cabrero-González,&nbsp;Antonio Garrido-Almonacid,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Esquivel,&nbsp;Juan Antonio Cámara-Serrano","doi":"10.1002/arp.1879","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1879","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The megalithic cluster of the Gor River valley (Andalusia, Spain) is one of the biggest dolmenic groups in Europe, made up of 151 preserved megaliths. In spite of this high number of known monuments, increasing loss and destruction of many of the graves has taken place during the last decades due to enormous soil erosion and anthropogenic activities. With the aim of recording the location of these lost megaliths, Digital Terrain Models and LiDAR data have been used to analyse the terrain showing a high quantity of structures that seem similar to those actually documented in the zone but that were not noticed until now. These possible new burial mounds have been tested by archaeological surface survey, choosing three contrasting areas as samples. Results have shown a high success rate for this methodology, even allowing the discovery of new megalithic graves in heavily researched areas. We interpret the likely higher number of burial mounds in the area to indicate greater territorial control in boundary areas between 4th and 3rd millennium BC.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"30 2","pages":"89-103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1879","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44559447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archaeological site identification from open access multispectral imagery: Cloud computing applications in Northern Kurdistan (Iraq)","authors":"Riccardo Valente,&nbsp;Eleonora Maset,&nbsp;Marco Iamoni","doi":"10.1002/arp.1874","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1874","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents the results of an archaeological survey carried out in the Navkur Plain, Iraqi Kurdistan, as part of the ‘Asingeran Archaeological Project’. The survey was prepared using remote sensing products accessed via Google Earth Engine^ⓒ, a large-scale cloud computing service freely available to the scientific community that allows processing remote sensing big data. Outputs generated with a multitemporal approach are particularly successful for archaeological research, because it is possible to maximize the visibility of archaeological sites, improving their detection. Multispectral imagery from Landsat 5, Landsat 7 and Sentinel-2 collections were used and processed, testing their utility for finding unknown ancient settlements in the densely studied area of Northern Mesopotamia. Seventeen new sites were discovered in an already surveyed area of limited size (&lt;100 km²), showing the potentialities of this method. The advantages of cloud computing for Near Eastern Archaeology and the results of the survey are also presented and discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"29 4","pages":"579-595"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1874","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47047654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UAV magnetometer survey in low-level flight for archaeology: Case study of a Second World War airfield at Ganacker (Lower Bavaria, Germany)","authors":"Andreas Stele,&nbsp;Roland Linck,&nbsp;Markus Schikorra,&nbsp;Jörg W. E. Fassbinder","doi":"10.1002/arp.1877","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1877","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based magnetometer systems became more and more attractive for large-scale archaeological prospection in recent years. Although their sensors exhibit the same sensitivity than the ground-based prospecting systems, UAV prospecting is seriously handicapped by the magnetic and mechanical disturbances of the drone and by limitations of a low-level flight. To minimize these disturbances, scalar magnetometers are attached only on a tether 2.5–10 m beneath the drone to be flown as close as possible above the ground. First, test measurements with UAV-fixed fluxgate magnetometers provide more accurate results than the scalar magnetometers in any configuration but have to overcome disturbance by vibrations. Here, we present a case study choosing the compact set-up of the Sensys MagDrone R4. The high sampling rate of 200 Hz of the three axis fluxgate sensors of the R4 allows sufficient filtering of the interferences generated by the UAV and external disturbances. High-precision flight control of the drone allows operating the sensors by radar-controlled flight height ∼1 m above the ground, which is a fundamental and indispensable prerequisite for archaeological prospecting. For our test, we choose the site Ganacker (southern Bavaria), where we expected a large range of archaeological structures and features with high magnetic contrast. We compare and verify the magnetogram with historical and recent geodata. Our results show that the R4 system offers an outstanding step forward regarding a successful application for archaeological prospection. Already now, the system is well suited for the fast mapping of large areas and archaeological sites with intense magnetic anomalies.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"29 4","pages":"645-650"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46582433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}