Archaeological Prospection最新文献

{"title":"An assessment of high temporal frequency satellite data for historic environment applications. A case study from Scotland","authors":"Ciara N. McGrath,&nbsp;David C. Cowley,&nbsp;Sine Hood,&nbsp;Sheila Clarke,&nbsp;Malcolm Macdonald","doi":"10.1002/arp.1890","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1890","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper assesses the value of high temporal frequency satellite data with various spatial sampling resolutions for multi-scalar historic environment survey and management use cases in Scotland, specifically for broad-brush landscape characterisation, for monitoring the condition of monuments and for the discovery of otherwise unknown sites. Dealing with a part of the world where applications of satellite imagery are almost entirely unexplored, this study takes a real-world approach, which foregrounds the purpose at hand rather than presenting a case study from an optimal setting. The study highlights the importance of detailed imagery to support interpretation in some instances, and the challenges of obtaining time-critical optical imagery in a part of the world that experiences significant periods of cloud cover. The real-world availability of data in such settings is assessed, highlighting that even with daily revisits, useable imagery cannot be guaranteed. The implications of current and past tasking patterns for availability of high-resolution data now and in the future are discussed. The study identifies the complementary roles that satellite imagery can fulfil, while identifying the limitations that remain to fuller applications of such data, in a study that will be relevant to many parts of Europe and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"30 3","pages":"267-282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1890","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47553874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating spatial and legacy data to understand archaeological sites in their landscape. A case study from Unguja Ukuu, Zanzibar","authors":"Tom Fitton,&nbsp;Federica Sulas,&nbsp;Mik Lisowski,&nbsp;Michelle Alexander,&nbsp;Abdurahman Juma,&nbsp;Stephanie Wynne-Jones","doi":"10.1002/arp.1885","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1885","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Spatial analysis is paramount for understanding, monitoring, and conserving ancient settlements and cultural landscapes. Advancing remote sensing and prospection techniques are expanding the methodological frame of archaeological settlement analysis by enabling remote, landscape-scale approaches to mapping and investigation. Whilst particularly effective in arid lands and areas with sparse or open ground cover, such as vegetation and buildings, these approaches remain peripheral in tropical environments because of technical and contextual challenges. In tropical Eastern Africa, for example, scales, resolution and visibility are often compromised by thick vegetation cover, inadequate access to, if not lack of, imagery resources and technologies, and the availability of comparative archaeological data for interpretation. This paper presents the initial results of spatial analysis, using historic landscape characterisation, remote sensing, published and legacy data, and a pilot ground survey to examine the earliest settlement of Zanzibar, Unguja Ukuu. Comparing multiple strands of evidence in a Geographic Information System (GIS), we use each as a test on the others to draw out the strengths and weaknesses of each technique in the context of tropical and coastal Eastern Africa. Drone photogrammetry, geophysical prospection, and ground survey were compared with legacy remote sensing resources and the results of a coring survey conducted across the site during the 1990s into a GIS platform to produce multi-phase hypothetical maps of the archaeological site in the context of its potential resource landscape. These were then tested against the results of recent excavations. The discussion highlights the challenges and potential of combining these techniques in the context of Eastern Africa and provides some suggested methods for doing so. We show that remote sensing techniques give an insight into current landscapes but are less useful in understanding or modelling how sites would have fitted into their surroundings in the past, when conditions were potentially very different.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"30 2","pages":"185-208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1885","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47059555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of historical trackways in forests using contextual geospatial analyses","authors":"Martina Slámová,&nbsp;Noémi Beljak Pažinová,&nbsp;Ingrid Belčáková,&nbsp;Ján Beljak,&nbsp;Pavol Maliniak","doi":"10.1002/arp.1882","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1882","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article demonstrates the application of the methods unravelling microtopographic features, specifically, sunken linear landforms indicating remains of historical trackways in forests. These are related to the ‘<i>Magna</i> Via’ route in the vicinity of the Deserted Castle and the Peťuša Castle in Central Slovakia. The microtopography validation dataset indicating sunken linear landforms was used to evaluate the data overlap of tracks identified by the global positioning and navigation system (GNSS) and a model of tracks created with the least cost path (LCP) algorithm. Microtopographic features derived from a digital relief model generated by high-resolution Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) scans (density of 5 points/pixel) allowed us to determine the exact position (submeter total vertical and horizontal accuracy) of certain segments of the GNSS tracks and LCP overlapping the sunken linear landforms. Moreover, the LCP model shows the most efficient trackways considering the travel costs depending on the slope parameter.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"30 2","pages":"135-152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1882","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47723717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ground Penetrating Radar detection of unmarked historic graves at the Fairlawn Cemetery in Stillwater, Oklahoma","authors":"Ahmed Diab,&nbsp;Ahmed Ismail","doi":"10.1002/arp.1884","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1884","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey was conducted to detect historic unmarked graves from the period of the Civil War (1861–1865) at the Fairlawn Cemetery in Stillwater, Oklahoma. The GPR survey at the Fairlawn Cemetery will help preserve the unmarked historic graves if they exist or clear sections of the cemetery for possible expansion. GPR detection of historic graves are often a challenge as these graves are made of wooden boxes, bones and coffins, with no metal caskets or concrete burial vaults. It was even more challenging to detect unmarked graves in this study as the cemetery is covered with iron-rich silty clay soil, which attenuates the GPR signals. We conducted the GPR survey along a grid consisting of 44 parallel 30-m-long profiles spaced at 50-cm intervals using the 400-MHz antenna. The acquired GPR data were processed as 2D profiles and produced a pseudo-3D GPR volume to resolve the unmarked graves. Multiple features extracted from the pseudo-3D volume at depths ranging from 0.7 to 1.3 m aligned along three north–south rows. Based on the dimensions, orientation, distribution and depth of burial of the anomalous features relative to the recent graves, we interpreted these features as unmarked graves. This study has demonstrated the GPR as an effective non-invasive technique in detecting historical unmarked graves that contain no metal caskets or concrete burial vaults. This work will contribute not only to the science of historical archaeology but also to prehistorical archaeology, as caskets were not typically part of the prehistorical burials, and the modern-day archaeology, particularly in the cases of mass graves in recent conflicts.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"30 2","pages":"171-183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45860442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SURVEY, DRILL AND EXCAVATE. Complex geoarchaeological prospection of Bronze Age mounds as a key for understanding undermound architecture. A case study from Myluvannia, Western Ukraine","authors":"Jakub Niebieszczański,&nbsp;Jan Romaniszyn,&nbsp;Przemysław Makarowicz,&nbsp;Vitalii Rud","doi":"10.1002/arp.1880","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1880","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the area of Western Ukraine, some aspects of mound (barrow) chronology might be resolved by using non- or minimally invasive archaeological prospection. As the cemeteries usually comprise two temporal units—the Late Neolithic Corded Ware Culture (third millennium BC) and Middle Bronze Age Komarów culture (second millennium BC)—by referring to particular funerary rites Komarów culture and their magnetic reflection, they can be distinguished by means of magnetometry survey supported with verification drilling. Recognition of the internal structure of the cemeteries is essential when confronted with their vast occurrence in Western Ukraine and also the morphological similarity of mounds. However, due to the great diversity in known grave architecture of the Komarów culture, it is essential to stress that the methodological approach presented here applies only to the specific construction type of burnt wooden and clay structures, which rarely appear in Corded Ware Culture funerary practices. In addition to excavation, the applied methods provided preliminary information on the cultural affiliation and time of the construction of two mounds in Myluvannia in the pre-excavation stage of research. In this light, it is therefore possible to assess the potential occurrence of Komarów culture mounds in other Western Ukrainian mound cemeteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"30 2","pages":"105-116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1880","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47695861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A model of spatial location: New data for the Gor River megalithic landscape (Spain) from LiDAR technology and field survey","authors":"Carolina Cabrero-González,&nbsp;Antonio Garrido-Almonacid,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Esquivel,&nbsp;Juan Antonio Cámara-Serrano","doi":"10.1002/arp.1879","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1879","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The megalithic cluster of the Gor River valley (Andalusia, Spain) is one of the biggest dolmenic groups in Europe, made up of 151 preserved megaliths. In spite of this high number of known monuments, increasing loss and destruction of many of the graves has taken place during the last decades due to enormous soil erosion and anthropogenic activities. With the aim of recording the location of these lost megaliths, Digital Terrain Models and LiDAR data have been used to analyse the terrain showing a high quantity of structures that seem similar to those actually documented in the zone but that were not noticed until now. These possible new burial mounds have been tested by archaeological surface survey, choosing three contrasting areas as samples. Results have shown a high success rate for this methodology, even allowing the discovery of new megalithic graves in heavily researched areas. We interpret the likely higher number of burial mounds in the area to indicate greater territorial control in boundary areas between 4th and 3rd millennium BC.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"30 2","pages":"89-103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1879","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44559447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UAV magnetometer survey in low-level flight for archaeology: Case study of a Second World War airfield at Ganacker (Lower Bavaria, Germany)","authors":"Andreas Stele,&nbsp;Roland Linck,&nbsp;Markus Schikorra,&nbsp;Jörg W. E. Fassbinder","doi":"10.1002/arp.1877","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1877","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based magnetometer systems became more and more attractive for large-scale archaeological prospection in recent years. Although their sensors exhibit the same sensitivity than the ground-based prospecting systems, UAV prospecting is seriously handicapped by the magnetic and mechanical disturbances of the drone and by limitations of a low-level flight. To minimize these disturbances, scalar magnetometers are attached only on a tether 2.5–10 m beneath the drone to be flown as close as possible above the ground. First, test measurements with UAV-fixed fluxgate magnetometers provide more accurate results than the scalar magnetometers in any configuration but have to overcome disturbance by vibrations. Here, we present a case study choosing the compact set-up of the Sensys MagDrone R4. The high sampling rate of 200 Hz of the three axis fluxgate sensors of the R4 allows sufficient filtering of the interferences generated by the UAV and external disturbances. High-precision flight control of the drone allows operating the sensors by radar-controlled flight height ∼1 m above the ground, which is a fundamental and indispensable prerequisite for archaeological prospecting. For our test, we choose the site Ganacker (southern Bavaria), where we expected a large range of archaeological structures and features with high magnetic contrast. We compare and verify the magnetogram with historical and recent geodata. Our results show that the R4 system offers an outstanding step forward regarding a successful application for archaeological prospection. Already now, the system is well suited for the fast mapping of large areas and archaeological sites with intense magnetic anomalies.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"29 4","pages":"645-650"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46582433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of geophysical prospecting and geochemical prospecting at the medieval and modern Cistercian Abbey of Carnoët (Finistère, France)","authors":"Arthur Laenger,&nbsp;Arnaud Martel,&nbsp;Fabien Boucher,&nbsp;Xavier François,&nbsp;Michel Dabas,&nbsp;Joséphine Rouillard,&nbsp;Aline Durand","doi":"10.1002/arp.1875","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1875","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Saint-Maurice Abbey in Carnoët (Finistère) underwent an in-depth archaeological appraisal during 2018–2019, involving several non-destructive technologies: the geophysical survey revealed the presence of expected structures, drawn on ancient plans, but also the presence of structures unknown up until now. A group of buildings on the edge of the pond in particular raised several questions. A geochemical survey was carried out there in order to try to characterize these buildings and observe the potential complementarity between geophysical and geochemical surveys. The results of the chemical analysis do not highlight the same level of detail of the structures as electrical resistivity, but these analyses seem to be able to clarify the geophysical diagnosis by discriminating signals of structures from echoes linked to the geological substrate.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"29 4","pages":"597-606"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1875","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42229039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining geophysical prospection and core drilling: Reconstruction of a Late Bronze Age copper mine at Prigglitz-Gasteil in the Eastern Alps (Austria)","authors":"Peter Trebsche,&nbsp;Ingrid Schlögel,&nbsp;Adrian Flores-Orozco","doi":"10.1002/arp.1872","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1872","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prehistoric mines are often too large and too deep for conventional archaeological excavations. Non-destructive and minimally invasive methods of prospection can help to overcome these limits. Our case study of a Late Bronze Age opencast mine (ca. 1050 to 780 BC) shows the potential of geophysical prospection methods combined with core drillings. For the reconstruction of this mine, we combined electrical resistivity and induced polarization (IP) tomography, seismic refraction tomography (SRT) and ground penetrating radar (GPR). The geophysical data were collected based on an orthogonal grid of 10 longitudinal and transverse profiles, laid out over an area of ~330 × 300 m. The profiles allowed a three-dimensional interpolation of the geological units, the mining dumps, the mining areas and the residual mineralization. Additionally, two deep cores were drilled to ground-truth the geophysical prospection results. They provided information about the stratification at intersections of the measurement grid, and this proved crucial for validating the interpreted geophysical profiles. Each geophysical method applied provided different information for the reconstruction of the site: the electrical resistivity tomography offered the best clues as to the locations of the geological units and the dumps, the seismic refraction tomography visualized the transition between the dump or backfill layers and the underlying bedrock, and the IP measurements revealed residual mineralization. The georadar measurements, on the other hand, did not contribute to the interpretation owing to the limited depth of penetration. Based on the combination of borehole and geophysical data, it was possible to develop a hypothetical model of an open-pit mine for copper ore that developed in three phases (mines A–C) during the Late Bronze Age. Without the control provided by the core drillings, one of the mining areas (mine A) could not have been correctly identified in the geophysical prospections.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"29 4","pages":"557-577"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10087026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9317417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the benefits for mapping faint archaeological features by using an ultra-dense ground-penetrating-radar antenna array","authors":"Roland Linck,&nbsp;Andreas Stele,&nbsp;Hans-Martin Schuler","doi":"10.1002/arp.1870","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1870","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Modern archaeo-geophysical radar surveys are often executed with multichannel antenna arrays, which allows a much faster survey progress combined with a denser profile spacing. Furthermore, from a methodological point of view, a full 3D dataset is necessary to resolve small targets of a few decimetre diameter. However, only a few test surveys deal with the evaluation of the real improvement in data quality by applying such multichannel arrays. In this paper, a test survey with the IDS Stream-C 600-MHz radar device on a small area covering the Roman Bath of Kempten-<i>Cambodunum</i> is presented. The aim of the study is to figure out whether faint archaeological remains like hypocaust pillars, that is, the pillars of a Roman floor heating system, that are missed by single-channel devices, are detectable in an ultra-dense antenna array. Thus, the same area was simultaneously mapped with both GPR configurations. The results of this case study demonstrate the benefit of such antenna arrays for the archaeological prospection of small subsurface features with a diameter of 25 cm or less. For ground-truthing of the results, a comparison with old excavation maps was executed.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"29 4","pages":"637-643"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1870","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47834789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}