Ardea最新文献

{"title":"The Diet of Two Sympatric Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo Subspecies Wintering at Freshwater Fishery Sites in England and Wales","authors":"I. Russell, A. Cook, M. Ives, P. I. Davison","doi":"10.5253/arde.v109i2.a15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5253/arde.v109i2.a15","url":null,"abstract":"The recent increase in Cormorant numbers in the UK and the increasing use of inland feeding sites by the birds have created conflicts at many freshwater fisheries. Information on the prey composition of Cormorants foraging at such sites is important in understanding these conflicts and in providing a sound basis for management. Two subspecies of Great Cormorant, the continental subspecies Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis and the Atlantic subspecies Phalacrocorax carbo carbo occur in the UK and forage sympatrically. This study presents information on the winter diet of over 1400 Cormorants shot at inland fishery sites over an eleven-year period. A wide range of prey species were identified, but five fish species compromised almost 80% of the prey items recorded by number, and most prey items were small (≤10 cm). Dietary differences, in terms of the species, sizes and number of fish consumed, were apparent between birds of different sex and subspecies, consistent with the differing sizes of the birds. The largest birds (male P. c. carbo) tended to consume fewer, larger fish and the smallest birds (female P. c. sinensis) more, smaller items. Bird size also appears to influence foraging site selection, with male P. c. carbo more likely to forage on fisheries, such as put-and-take trout fisheries, where larger prey items were available.","PeriodicalId":55463,"journal":{"name":"Ardea","volume":"109 1","pages":"443 - 456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44434685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing Fish Losses to Great Cormorants Using Artificial Fish Refuges: Refining Refuge Deployment Strategies","authors":"I. Russell, D. Parrott, M. Ives, P. I. Davison, S. Fox, D. Clifton-Dey","doi":"10.5253/arde.v109i2.a29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5253/arde.v109i2.a29","url":null,"abstract":"A series of paired-pond trials were completed during the winters of 2005 to 2008 to examine the effect of introducing artificial fish refuges on Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo foraging behaviour, prey capture rates and fish losses in trial ponds, and to help refine their potential use as a tool in addressing cormorant-fisheries conflicts. Investigations comparing refuge volumes within a year provided clear evidence that larger refuges offered fish better protection than smaller ones. When compared across years, there was no clear relationship between refuge volume and prey consumption rate by Cormorants. There was, however, a very large difference in the consumption rate when ponds with no refuge were compared with any of the refuge volumes tested, suggesting that, in the absence of any other cover, the addition of even very small fish refuges can markedly reduce the quantity of fish eaten by Cormorants. Further trials indicated that introducing refuges as a single larger structure was more effective at reducing fish losses than an equivalent volume of refuge arranged as a number of smaller, widely-spaced, discrete units (>50% reduction in prey consumed per Cormorant visit). Trials further confirmed that the beneficial effects of fish refuges were not compromised by the presence of marginal habitat; indeed, prey consumption rates were >30% lower in the pond with additional simulated reed beds. The impact of refuge presence on fish loss rates varied between species, with Roach Rutilus rutilus benefitting in particular. The results are discussed in the wider context of interactions between Cormorants and their prey and with regard to the potential use of fish refuges as a management tool.","PeriodicalId":55463,"journal":{"name":"Ardea","volume":"109 1","pages":"639 - 658"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44464333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Recent Range Expansion of Great Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo in Hokkaido, Japan","authors":"Theodore E. Squires, D. Aoki, O. Hasegawa","doi":"10.5253/arde.v109i2.a11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5253/arde.v109i2.a11","url":null,"abstract":"Though the Japanese population of Great Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo has increased in recent decades, information on its spread to the northern island of Hokkaido has not been reported outside of Japan. The purpose of this paper is to update the scientific community about the distribution and breeding ecology of Great Cormorants and to provide comparative information on the abundant and phenotypically similar resident Japanese Cormorant P. capillatus. Several ornithological groups and researchers were contacted in order to gather information about the current distribution and breeding activity of the Great Cormorant in the region. This paper consolidates the findings of Japanese research groups, translated publications and direct observations.","PeriodicalId":55463,"journal":{"name":"Ardea","volume":"109 1","pages":"389 - 394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44884882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Trends in Laying date and Fledged Young of Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica in Two Regions of the Netherlands","authors":"J. Altenburg, B. van den Brink, T. Boudewijn, J. Drop, J. van Muiswinkel, P. V. van Horssen","doi":"10.5253/arde.2022.a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5253/arde.2022.a3","url":null,"abstract":"Since 1992, Dutch volunteers have monitored the breeding attempts of Barn Swallows on a systematic basis. For two regions – Noord-Veluwe and Twente – a dataset of 27 years (1992–2018) was available. This paper examines the timing of breeding and the number of fledglings per successful breeding attempt. As spring and summer weather in Western Europe became on average warmer during this period, we analysed whether Barn Swallows adapted to this shift. The laying date of first broods advanced on average 2.3 days per ten years. The average advancement of laying date of second broods was 2.9 days per decade. The average number of fledglings per successful breeding attempt was constant over time, but showed large inter-year-variation. First broods consistently produced 0.6 fledglings more than second broods. These results are in line with results from similar studies in Western Europe. Contrary to our expectations, neither large scale nor local weather parameters were found to explain the advancement of laying and the number of fledged young. It is essential to study key species like Barn Swallows during all stages of their life cycle over a long time span and large spatial scale to be able to unravel potential effects of climate change. Our study demonstrates that volunteers can contribute essential demographic data. Ideally, these demographic parameters would be monitored with individually marked (colour-ringed) birds. Frequent quality checks and feedback to volunteers are key to maximize the quality of the data collected through long-term volunteer surveys.","PeriodicalId":55463,"journal":{"name":"Ardea","volume":"110 1","pages":"1 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48813969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Mixed Brood of Coal Tits Periparus ater and Blue Tits Cyanistes caeruleus in Central Portugal","authors":"Jorge Garrido-Bautista, Carolina Santos-Baena, J. Ramos, G. Moreno-Rueda, A. Norte","doi":"10.5253/arde.2022.a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5253/arde.2022.a4","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed-species broods appear to be an uncommon phenomenon in altricial birds. In secondary hole-nesting birds, such as tits (Paridae), mixed-species clutches occur as a consequence of facultative interspecific brood parasitism or as a byproduct of nest takeover. Here, we report a case of a mixed-species brood composed of one Coal Tit Periparus ater and three Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus nestlings that was successfully raised by a Blue Tit pair. The foreign Coal Tit nestling received more food than its Blue Tit nestmates, possibly resulting in a larger tarsus length compared to other Coal Tit nestlings from a regular single-species brood in the same forest.","PeriodicalId":55463,"journal":{"name":"Ardea","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47651045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed Dispersal by an Invasive Exotic Bird in Europe","authors":"P. Pereira, C. Godinho, C. Lopes, Rui Lourenço","doi":"10.5253/arde.v110.2022.a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5253/arde.v110.2022.a1","url":null,"abstract":"Native birds play a critical role in seed dispersal. The introduction of a new species may result in unpredictable effects on an ecosystem, namely in terms of seed dispersal. The Red-billed Leiothrix Leiothrix lutea is a frugivorous species native to Asia, whose potential role as seed disperser has not yet been analysed in its introduced range in Europe. We compared the role of Leiothrix with that of Eurasian Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla and European Robin Erithacus rubecula, which are among the native species with seed dispersal roles in Europe. We compared seed expelling behaviour among species (defecation or regurgitation of seeds), which can potentially shape seed dispersal, depending on whether the seeds germinate following expulsion. Field work was conducted in Central Portugal between November 2014 and January 2015 and included bird captures to collect faecal samples, followed by faecal analysis to check for the presence of seeds. We also surveyed plant species abundance and fruit availability in the study site. The feeding and seed defecation behaviour of Leiothrix closely matched that of Robins, as most individuals of both species consumed fruits without ingesting seeds and their faeces mainly contained plant material and few seeds. On the contrary, more than half of Blackcap faeces contained seeds. All three species ate similar plant species. Although Leiothrix faeces indicate that this species primarily eats fruits without ingesting seeds; a small fraction of faeces samples (c. 13%) contained seeds. Our results suggest that Leiothrix has low potential to be a seed disperser in Central Portugal and probably elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":55463,"journal":{"name":"Ardea","volume":"110 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45290168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Effects on Breeding Phenology of Peregrine and Lanner Falcons in the Mediterranean","authors":"M. Sarà, R. Mascara, A. Nardo, L. Zanca","doi":"10.5253/arde.2022.a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5253/arde.2022.a2","url":null,"abstract":"We explored the effects of weather on the timing and reproduction of the Mediterranean Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus brookei and the Lanner Falcon F. biarmicus feldeggii living on the Mediterranean island of Sicily. We found that the start date of incubation has changed during 1979–2019 and analysed whether incubation timing affected the productivity of both populations and whether the change of incubation date and the quality of breeding sites depended on climatic conditions. Overall spring temperature and rainfall increased on Sicily and the incubation date of the Peregrine and the Lanner Falcon has shifted to be about one week later over the time period 1979 to 2019. Linear mixed modelling showed the influence of winter conditions and random effects (climate sector of island, year of study) on incubation date in both species. The increase in February rainfall has delayed incubation in the Peregrine Falcon, while we could not identify a specific monthly effect delaying incubation in the Lanner Falcon. In both species, the shift in incubation date has resulted in a decrease in productivity (number of fledglings). Weather conditions in late spring predicted the quality of the breeding site of Lanner Falcons but not of Peregrines. The breeding phenology of both falcons shows a common response to weather conditions on Sicily, however the Lanner Falcon seems more sensitive than the Peregrine to the changing climate. Climate effects add to other anthropogenic impacts negatively affecting the future survival of this insular population, which is the largest in Europe.","PeriodicalId":55463,"journal":{"name":"Ardea","volume":"110 1","pages":"1 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43724996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of Nocturnal Migration over Sea and Sex-Specific Migration Distance of Dutch Black-Headed Gulls","authors":"R. Fijn, L. L. Govers, Date Lutterop, R. Middelveld, Rob S. A. van Bemmelen","doi":"10.5253/arde.v110i1.a8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5253/arde.v110i1.a8","url":null,"abstract":"Avian migration is recorded over long distances, but some species winter much closer to their breeding sites or do not migrate at all. Specifically, the family of gulls Laridae shows great within and among species variation in migration. However, the migration ecology of many gull species is still unknown, even for abundant and widespread species such as the Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus. Here, we aimed to map the migration of Black-headed Gulls using GPS-tracking data from eight birds from a declining colony at Griend in the Dutch Wadden Sea to study migration routes and timing as well as wintering habitat of these birds. Furthermore, we used this GPS-data and 199 colour-ring resightings of adult birds from the same colony to study their wintering locations and habitat. The GPS-tagged birds migrated away from the Dutch Wadden Sea between mid-September and late November. All migrated in western to south-western directions to wintering areas at 130 to 560 km from the breeding colony. The GPS-tagged individuals wintered in The Netherlands, France and the United Kingdom and migrated towards these wintering sites both diurnally and nocturnally. The data indicate that most movements over the North Sea were nocturnal, whereas most migratory movements over land were during the day. Colour-ring data showed that females wintered significantly further away than males. We found no indications for differences in timing of migration between males and females and also no sex-specific preference for nocturnal or diurnal migration. We argue that the hitherto undocumented prevalence of nocturnal sea crossings calls for a better assessment of the potential risks of offshore wind energy developments in the North Sea. As such, this and new GPS-tracking data of Black-headed Gulls can aid in the conservation of this common and widespread species by providing novel insights in migration behaviour and the connectivity between breeding and wintering grounds.","PeriodicalId":55463,"journal":{"name":"Ardea","volume":"110 1","pages":"15 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71089546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ornithology from the Lakeshore","authors":"B. Kempenaers","doi":"10.5253/arde.v110i1.a9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5253/arde.v110i1.a9","url":null,"abstract":"strophic, and depend on the context and on our level of control. The progression of our species is deeply linked to our inventiveness in gaining control over fire. We ingeniously moved combustion inside of machines and thereby enabled the development of a society on steroids. Unfortunately, the negative consequences have become all too apparent. Using coal, oil and gas as incendiary resources, we have burned ourselves into a global crisis. So much so that the current geological epoch has been called the Pyrocene (Nimmo et al. 2021, Pyne 2021). Among the multifarious consequences of the pursuits and practices of the growing population, out-of-control wildfires have become one of the most terrifying and destructive natural disasters. You may remember how in 2020 a bushfire raged in Australia turning an area larger than Belgium and The Netherlands combined into ashes. News reports abound headlining furibund fires, even in the Arctic. As Covington & Pyne (2020) put it, “It can seem like Earth itself is on fire”. Although the frequency, scale, severity and intensity of fires may be increasing globally, let us remind ourselves that fire has shaped terrestrial ecosystems long before humans were present on Earth. Every year an estimated 3% of the global land area burns, or about 400 million hectares of land (Forkel et al. 2019). Thus, we also need to consider fire as a fundamental force in evolutionary ecology (Kelly & Brotons 2017, Pausus & Parr 2018). As is well known, plants have evolved a variety of traits that enable them to flourish and flower under recurrent fires (Keeley et al. 2011). However, the role fire has played in the evolution of the life history and behaviour of animals still remains underexplored. In an insightful review, Pausus & Parr (2018) highlight several key questions that need to be addressed to improve our understanding of the evolutionary role of fire in animals. They distinguish fire-adapted animals – those that have evolved traits that are shaped by fire, including the eager urge to escape from it – and firedependent animals, a more select group that needs (or at least opportunistically uses) the resources generated by fire for survival or reproduction. In the following, let me highlight a few fascinating examples of fire dependency from the feathered world. The most rational and common reaction to a raging fire is to flee from it. Animals are generally welladapted to recognize the tell-tale signs of fires (where there is smoke...) and will either hide in a safe place or move away swiftly to avoid a certain death. It is precisely this judicious response that is exploited by some predatory birds. On different continents, numer ous raptor species have been observed to make their way to the edge of the blaze where they often congregate in large numbers, in anticipation of a richly stocked, albeit moving, buffet. In a remarkable example of niche construction, Black Kites Milvus migrans in the Northern Territory of Australia self-","PeriodicalId":55463,"journal":{"name":"Ardea","volume":"110 1","pages":"1 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47284440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily and Seasonal Patterns in the Singing Activity of Birds in East China","authors":"S. M. Puswal, Jinjuan Mei, Mei Wang, Fanglin Liu","doi":"10.5253/arde.v110i1.a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5253/arde.v110i1.a4","url":null,"abstract":"The vocal behaviour of birds can change daily and seasonally. Understanding the daily and seasonal acoustic activity patterns of birds helps to understand their behavioural ecology and is crucial for designing effective monitoring protocols. We studied daily and seasonal acoustic activity patterns for a complete annual cycle of three bird species: Alström's Warbler Phylloscopus soror, Brownish-flanked Bush Warbler Horornis fortipes and Streak-breasted Scimitar Babbler Pomatorhinus ruficolli at three different sites in Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve, Anhui Province, East China. All three species displayed a peak in singing activity in the morning; however, they differed in their acoustic activity during the daytime. Alström's Warbler was vocally active for five months (April–August), with higher singing activity earlier in the season. Brownish-flanked Bush Warbler was vocally active for six months (March–August) and showed a significant variation in singing activity over time. Streak-breasted Scimitar Babbler was vocally active for nine months (March–November) and displayed a slight variation in singing activity among months at different sites. The acoustic activity of the Alström's Warbler and Brownish-flanked Bush Warbler was negatively correlated with precipitation, whereas in Streak-breasted Scimitar Babbler there was no relationship with precipitation. Overall, we found large temporal variation in singing activity within a day and between seasons. To better understand the function of the daily and seasonal pattern of singing, future studies should investigate the functioning of different song types used during daytime and morning.","PeriodicalId":55463,"journal":{"name":"Ardea","volume":"110 1","pages":"5 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46707826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}