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Assessment of Airborne Disease Transmission Risk and Energy Impact of HVAC Mitigation Strategies 空气传播疾病风险评估及暖通空调减排策略的能源影响
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术
ASHRAE Journal Pub Date : 2021-11-16 DOI: 10.1101/2021.11.15.21266233
M. J. Risbeck, M. Bažant, Z. Jiang, Y. M. Lee, K. H. Drees, J. D. Douglas
{"title":"Assessment of Airborne Disease Transmission Risk and Energy Impact of HVAC Mitigation Strategies","authors":"M. J. Risbeck, M. Bažant, Z. Jiang, Y. M. Lee, K. H. Drees, J. D. Douglas","doi":"10.1101/2021.11.15.21266233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.15.21266233","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has focused renewed attention on the ways in which building HVAC systems may be operated to mitigate the risk of airborne disease transmission. The most common suggestion is to increase outdoor-air ventilation rates so as to dilute the concentrations of infectious aerosol particles indoors. Although this strategy does reduce the likelihood of disease spread, it is often much more costly than other strategies that provide equivalent particle removal or deactivation. To address this tradeoff and arrive at practical recommendations, we explain how different mitigation strategies can be expressed in terms of equivalent outdoor air (EOA) to provide a common basis for energy analysis. We then show the effects of each strategy on EOA delivery and energy cost in simulations of realistic buildings in a variety of climates. Key findings are that in-duct filtration is often the most efficient mitigation strategy, while significant risk reduction generally requires increasing total airflow to the system, either through adjusted HVAC setpoints or standalone disinfection devices.","PeriodicalId":55457,"journal":{"name":"ASHRAE Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62336236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Please Don't Blame Standard 62.1 for 1000 ppm CO2. 请不要责怪标准62.1 1000ppm的二氧化碳。
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术
ASHRAE Journal Pub Date : 2021-02-01
Andrew Persily
{"title":"Please Don't Blame Standard 62.1 for 1000 ppm CO<sub>2</sub>.","authors":"Andrew Persily","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55457,"journal":{"name":"ASHRAE Journal","volume":"63 2","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8596488/pdf/nihms-1714405.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39636984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tool Evaluates Control Measures for Airborne Infectious Agents. 工具评估空气传播病原体控制措施。
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术
ASHRAE Journal Pub Date : 2021-01-01
W Stuart Dols, Lisa Ng, Brian J Polidoro, Dustin Poppendieck, Steven J Emmerich, Andrew Persily
{"title":"Tool Evaluates Control Measures for Airborne Infectious Agents.","authors":"W Stuart Dols,&nbsp;Lisa Ng,&nbsp;Brian J Polidoro,&nbsp;Dustin Poppendieck,&nbsp;Steven J Emmerich,&nbsp;Andrew Persily","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55457,"journal":{"name":"ASHRAE Journal","volume":"63 1","pages":"60-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8240608/pdf/nihms-1700888.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39044750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Requirements for Building Thermal Conditions under Normal and Emergency Operations in Extreme Climates. 极端气候条件下正常运行和紧急运行的建筑物热条件要求。
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术
ASHRAE Journal Pub Date : 2021-01-01
Alexander Zhivov, William Rose, Raymond Patenaude, W Jon Williams
{"title":"Requirements for Building Thermal Conditions under Normal and Emergency Operations in Extreme Climates.","authors":"Alexander Zhivov,&nbsp;William Rose,&nbsp;Raymond Patenaude,&nbsp;W Jon Williams","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper provides recommendations on thermal and moisture parameters (air, temperature, and humidity content) in different types of buildings under normal and emergency operation conditions in extreme climate conditions, e.g., cold/arctic (U.S. Department of Energy [DOE] climate zones 6-8) and hot and humid (DOE climate zones 0-2a). Three scenarios are considered under normal operating conditions: when the building/space is occupied, temporarily unoccupied (2-5 days), and unoccupied long term (e.g., hibernated). These thermal parameters are necessary to achieve one or several of the following purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":55457,"journal":{"name":"ASHRAE Journal","volume":"127 1","pages":"693-704"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10193453/pdf/nihms-1880794.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9491077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Balancing Energy and IAQ: NIST Net-Zero Energy Residential Test Facility. 平衡能源和室内空气质量：NIST净零能源住宅测试设施。
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术
ASHRAE Journal Pub Date : 2018-04-01
Lisa Ng, Dustin Poppendieck, W Stuart Dols, Brian P Dougherty, Steven J Emmerich
{"title":"Balancing Energy and IAQ: NIST Net-Zero Energy Residential Test Facility.","authors":"Lisa Ng,&nbsp;Dustin Poppendieck,&nbsp;W Stuart Dols,&nbsp;Brian P Dougherty,&nbsp;Steven J Emmerich","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55457,"journal":{"name":"ASHRAE Journal","volume":"60 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6508590/pdf/nihms971682.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41220925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reducing Legionnaires' Disease in Public Spas. 减少公共水疗中心的军团病。
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术
ASHRAE Journal Pub Date : 2017-12-01
Candis M Hunter, Joe Laco, Jasen Kunz
{"title":"Reducing Legionnaires' Disease in Public Spas.","authors":"Candis M Hunter,&nbsp;Joe Laco,&nbsp;Jasen Kunz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) shows improper maintenance of public spas increases risk for Legionnaires' disease. Legionnaires' disease affects thousands of individuals each year and represents a signifcant public health burden, with a 10% case fatality rate and an estimated annual hospitalization cost burden of $433 million.<sup>1,2</sup> CDC's Model Aquatic Health Code (MAHC) offers critical guidance for reducing the risk of Legionnaires' disease in public aquatic facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":55457,"journal":{"name":"ASHRAE Journal","volume":"59 12","pages":"56-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10190991/pdf/nihms-1776913.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9507024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A New Approach to Estimating Carbon Dioxide Generation Rates from Building Occupants. 估算建筑物使用者二氧化碳产生率的新方法。
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术
ASHRAE Journal Pub Date : 2017-07-01
Andrew Persily
{"title":"A New Approach to Estimating Carbon Dioxide Generation Rates from Building Occupants.","authors":"Andrew Persily","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55457,"journal":{"name":"ASHRAE Journal","volume":"59 7","pages":"64-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5907511/pdf/nihms905962.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36031627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Indoor Environmental Side of Resilience. 弹性的室内环境方面。
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术
ASHRAE Journal Pub Date : 2016-02-01
Andrew Persily, Steven Emmerich
{"title":"The Indoor Environmental Side of Resilience.","authors":"Andrew Persily,&nbsp;Steven Emmerich","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55457,"journal":{"name":"ASHRAE Journal","volume":"58 2","pages":"71-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5347041/pdf/nihms771572.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34815936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How to Read a Patent 如何阅读专利
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术
ASHRAE Journal Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.1142/9789814452540_0003
D. Kramer
{"title":"How to Read a Patent","authors":"D. Kramer","doi":"10.1142/9789814452540_0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814452540_0003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55457,"journal":{"name":"ASHRAE Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"90-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/9789814452540_0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64068335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thermal Energy Storage Myths 热能储存误区
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术
ASHRAE Journal Pub Date : 2004-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/01998590409509274
M. Maccracken
{"title":"Thermal Energy Storage Myths","authors":"M. Maccracken","doi":"10.1080/01998590409509274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01998590409509274","url":null,"abstract":"Using thermal energy storage has shifted gigawatts of power off of daytime peaks in a cost-effective manner. However, thermal energy storage (TES) market penetration is small in comparison to its potential. Why? In TES' infancy (early I 980s), a small number of manufacturers carefully researched the technology and installed equipment. In the technology's adolescent years (late I 980s and early I 990s), dozens of manufacturers, chasing the new demand-side management rebate incentives, jumped into the marketplace. These difficult adolescent years resulted in tarnished reputations and the spread of misinformation about the technology.","PeriodicalId":55457,"journal":{"name":"ASHRAE Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"36-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01998590409509274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59145173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 48
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