Australian Orthodontic Journal最新文献

{"title":"In vitro spectrophotometric evaluation of Vivera clear thermoplastic retainer discolouration.","authors":"Anastasios A Zafeiriadis,&nbsp;Andreas Karamouzos,&nbsp;Athanasios E Athanasiou,&nbsp;Theodore Eliades,&nbsp;George Palaghias","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate the in vitro effect of different staining solutions on the colour stability of Vivera retainers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty flat specimens fabricated using the Vivera material (Align Technology Inc., CA, USA) were assigned into five Groups (A, B, C, D and E) and immersed at 37 degrees C in solutions of distilled water (control), coffee, tea, red wine, and Coca-Cola. The CIE colour parameters (L*, a*, b*) of each specimen were measured before immersion (T0) and after 12 hours (T1), three days (T2) and seven days (T3) of solution exposure. Colour differences (AE) between the interval groups were calculated. Results: Significant differences were observed concerning (i) L* between T, and T0, Ti and T2 for Group B; (ii) a* between To and T,, T, and T3 for Groups B, C, D and E, as well as between T1 and T2 for Group C; and (iii) b* between To and T,, T2 and T3 for Group B and between T0 and T2 and T1 for Group C. The differences between δE(T1-T0), δE(T2-T0) and δE(T3-T0) were statistically significant for Groups B and C, as well as the difference between δE(T1-T0) and δE(T2-T0) for Group D.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Coffee, tea and red wine caused visible changes in the retainers' colour.</p>","PeriodicalId":55417,"journal":{"name":"Australian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"30 2","pages":"192-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32942491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in maxillary molar pulp blood flow during orthodontic intrusion.","authors":"Fidan Alakus Sabuncuoglu,&nbsp;Seyda Ersahan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objective: </strong>The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the effects of maxillary first molar intrusion on pulpal blood flow (PBF) in humans as recorded by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Maxillary first molars of 16 participants were divided into two groups. In the study group, 20 teeth in 10 participants were subjected to an intrusive force of 100 g delivered from mini-implants for 6 months. A control group of 6 subjects (12 teeth) received no orthodontic treatment. LDF measurements were recorded at baseline and at 3 days, 3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months during intrusion. Data was analysed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank and Mann-Whitney U tests, with a level of p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant changes in PBF perfusion units (PU) were observed in the control group over the course of the study. However, PBF in the study group was significantly higher at TO (8.7 ± 0.9 PU) when compared with T1 (6.1 ± 0.6 PU, p < 0.001) and T2 (6.0 ± 0.6 PU, p < 0.001). PBF did not vary significantly between T1 and T2 (p = 0.073) or between T3 and T4 (p = 0.262). Moreover, PBF at the end of the study (T4) was similar to baseline PBF values for both groups (study group: p = 0.687; control group: p = 0.525).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite significant short-term regressive changes in pulpal tissue during continuous molar intrusion with mini-implants and an applied force of 100 g, blood vessel function was maintained throughout intrusion, as indicated by LDF measurements of PBF, which tended to return to baseline values by the end of the observation period. These results highlight the changes that can occur in molar vascularity, especially during six months of intrusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":55417,"journal":{"name":"Australian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"30 2","pages":"152-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32941992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on bone formation after the expansion of the inter-premaxillary suture in rats: a histologic and immunohistochemical study.","authors":"Ebubekir Toy,&nbsp;Firat Oztürk,&nbsp;Sedat Altindiş,&nbsp;Sümeyye Kozacioğlu,&nbsp;Hatice Toy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Orthodontic maxillary expansion is a commonly-performed treatment approach to correct transverse maxillary deficiencies by separating the mid-palatal suture. To obtain a successful treatment result and prevent relapse, the expanded maxillary sutures require maintenance by means of qualified bone reorganisation.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on sutural bone formation after the expansion of the interpremaxillary suture in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen male Wistar rats, 6 to 8-week old, were used. The expansion appliance comprised a helical spring fabricated from 0.014 inch stainless steel wire (Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany). The rats were divided into two equal groups and randomly assigned to the LIPUS treatment group or a sham-operation group. LIPUS was delivered via a 2.5 cm diameter ultrasound transducer (Exogen, Smith and Nephews, Inc., Memphis, TN, USA) for 20 minutes per day during 7 days of post-expansion retention. Following retention, the rats' maxillae were surgically removed and histologic and immunohistochemical specimens were prepared and examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of osteoblasts and blood vessel dimensions in the ultrasound group increased but was not significant, compared with the control group. A statistically significant difference in osteocalcin, VEGF and TGF-β immunoreactivities (p < 0.01) was found in the area of the mineralising tissue. Only VEGF immunoreactivity was significant between two groups (p < 0.01) in the fibrous tissue area.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The area of mineralising tissue in the LIPUS-applied group expressed activity markers for osteocalcin, VEGF and TGF-β compared with a surrounding area of fibrous tissue. Cellular activation in the LIPUS group was greater than that of controls. Therefore, LIPUS may be accepted as a useful approach to enhance sutural bone formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55417,"journal":{"name":"Australian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"30 2","pages":"176-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32942489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A three-dimensional evaluation of Māori and New Zealand European faces.","authors":"Joseph S Antoun, Caleb Lawrence, Arthur Leow, Roberto Rongo, George Dias, Mauro Farella","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Māori patients are often inappropriately treated using Caucasian norms, despite obvious differences in facial morphology. There is currently very little data concerning the nature and/or magnitude of these differences in facial features. The objective of the present study was therefore to evaluate the facial features of Māori and New Zealand (NZ) Europeans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two convenience samples of 30 Māori and 30 NZ Europeans, evenly matched for age and gender, were recruited from amongst students of the University of Otago, New Zealand. Using a 3D white-light scanner, 12 facial scans were taken of each participant, which were then merged to form a single 3D image of the face. Prior to scanning, round markers were fixed to the skin in order to facilitate the localisation of facial anthropometric points and from which vertical, sagittal, and transverse measurements were assessed from the 3D facial image. Univariate and multivariate analyses of variance were used to test for differences between the two groups before and after adjusting for body mass index (BMI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were found in vertical, sagittal, and transverse facial dimensions, before and after adjusting for BMI. The overall face of Māori was significantly larger than that of NZ Europeans, although the facial proportions were generally similar. However, Māori had a broader face, more anterior position of the chin and reduced facial convexity in comparison with NZ Europeans (p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Māori have markedly different sagittal facial features compared with NZ Europeans. These distinctive features may reflect important differences in environmental and genetic influences between the two populations. The findings from the present study may assist the clinician in the treatment planning and assessment of facial dysmorphology in these ethnic groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":55417,"journal":{"name":"Australian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"30 2","pages":"169-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32942488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simple technique for the direct bonding of a lingual retainer: a clinical hint.","authors":"Sharanya Sabrish,&nbsp;Shravan Kumar,&nbsp;K Sadashiva Shetty","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The direct bonding of a fixed wire retainer often poses clinical difficulties. While there are several possible techniques, the present paper describes a simple method employing a ball clasp (S handle) to assist in the stabilisation of the wire to be attached. The advantages and disadvantages are indicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":55417,"journal":{"name":"Australian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"30 2","pages":"240-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32941859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerating orthodontic tooth movement with the aid of periodontal surgery--the practitioner viewpoint.","authors":"Berna Kim,&nbsp;Craig W Dreyer,&nbsp;Wayne Sampson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There has been a revival of interest in the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) by inducing injury to dentoalveolar cortical bone. Termed corticotomy, the procedure offers an advantage to adult patients whose bone metabolism is such that any reduction in treatment time would be welcomed. The procedure has been refined for over 100 years and recent research indicates treatment duration may be reduced often by as much as a third, but it is not clear how widely the method is applied in practice. For the procedure to be successful, careful interdisciplinary management by orthodontists and periodontists is required. However, information regarding the attitude and knowledge of practitioners and the frequency of the procedure performed in Australia and New Zealand is lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A questionnaire was formulated and tested in a pilot study on postgraduate orthodontic and periodontic students at The University of Adelaide. As a consequence of the responses, the wording of several questions was clarified and the sequence modified to produce the final format. Separate questionnaires were developed for specialist orthodontists and periodontists in keeping with their different backgrounds and were distributed at two relevant conferences.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>The number of practitioners who had been involved with at least one corticotomy per annum was low for orthodontists (12%) and periodontists (18%). The majority of those surveyed believed that more research was required on corticotomy-facilitated OTM and would not recommend the procedure to patients without greater investigation of the technique. More than half of the sampled orthodontists indicated that they would never recommend corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics to their patients. The minority who were willing to recommend the procedure would limit involvement to adult patients, the management of ankylosed teeth, impacted canines and patients susceptible to root resorption. Over 90% of the sampled periodontists believed that there were adverse side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":55417,"journal":{"name":"Australian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"30 2","pages":"201-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32942492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The reliability of using postero-anterior cephalometry and cone-beam CT to determine transverse dimensions in clinical practice.","authors":"Benjamin Tai,&nbsp;Mithran Suresh Goonewardene,&nbsp;Kevin Murray,&nbsp;Bernard Koong,&nbsp;Syed Mohammed Shamsul Islam","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study primarily aimed to assess the accuracy of classically-advocated reference points for the measurement of transverse jaw-base and dental relationships using conventional Postero-Anterior Cephalometry (PAC) and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>PAC and CBCT images were collected from 31 randomly selected orthodontic patients (12 males, 19 females), all of whom had a full permanent dentition. The transverse widths of the maxilla, mandible and the dentition were measured using reference points on both image modalities. Confidence intervals, intra-class coefficients and Bland Altman plots were used to assess the measurement differences derived from the two acquirement methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Measurements on PAC and CBCT images demonstrated statistically significant differences in the majority of the assessed variables. The interjugal (J-J) width was one of only two variables which did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference on image comparison. The mean differences of the antegonial width (Ag-Ag) (-4.44mm, 95% CI -5.38 to -3.51) represented the greatest difference between the imaging techniques. The application of these points to a transverse skeletal analysis (J-J/Ag-Ag ratio) revealed that five of the 31 subjects (16%) recorded 'false positive' readings according to the derived data.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is recommended that clinicians are cautious when interpreting and making decisions related to transverse dimensions derived from a PAC. The PAC has a higher tendency to falsely identify individuals who require maxillary expansion procedures based on conventional clinical criteria. The errors primarily associated with identifying structures which represent the width of the mandible are significant in both PAC and CBCT techniques and require further investigation. It is postulated that the confounding effects of overlying soft tissues have a sianificant impact on a clinician's ability to identify relevant landmarks.</p>","PeriodicalId":55417,"journal":{"name":"Australian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"30 2","pages":"132-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32942563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical problems with a double tooth and a macrodont in the maxillary anterior area: a case report.","authors":"Ellen Ghijselings,&nbsp;Jan van Gastel,&nbsp;An Verdonck,&nbsp;Carine Carels","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fusion is defined as the union between dentine and/or enamel of two normally separated teeth. Gemination is the cleavage of the forming dental germ to produce two partial teeth. The distinction between the conditions is often determined by the number of teeth present. However, this can be confused if supernumerary teeth are considered.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The present case report describes the treatment of a patient who presented with dental fusion and macrodontia involving both upper central incisors. Besides the central incisors displaying characteristics of macrodonts, tooth 21 also showed aspects of fusion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Management consisted of the extraction of 11 and 21 and orthodontic mesialisation of the maxillary dentition. Treatment was planned in two phases and at the end of the orthodontic phase, the upper anterior teeth were to be reshaped using composite resin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Orthodontic space closure is a treatment option in the clinical management of an extracted maxillary central double and/or macrodontic tooth. As no permanent teeth were absent, it was presumed that the fusion of 21 occurred with a supernumerary tooth.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Multidisciplinary treatment following the extraction of maxillary central incisors is reported with special attention to the orthodontic and restorative considerations required to improve the aesthetic outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":55417,"journal":{"name":"Australian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"30 2","pages":"221-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32941857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stand up and be counted.","authors":"Craig Dreyer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55417,"journal":{"name":"Australian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"30 2","pages":"131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32942562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative investigation of RANKL, RANK and OPG in a rat model of transient ankylosis.","authors":"Linda Curl,&nbsp;Chien Wei Tan,&nbsp;Craig W Dreyer,&nbsp;Wayne Sampson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Previous studies have found ankylosis occurs as a part of the inflammatory process of aseptic root resorption initiated in a rat model. The physiologic mechanisms behind the development of dentoalveolar ankylosis and healing response are still unclear. While receptor activator of nuclear factor-κβ ligand (RANKL), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κβ (RANK) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) have gained momentum in the understanding of resorption, no study to date has investigated their role in dentoalveolar ankylosis.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aims of this study were to investigate if, and when, ankylosis occurred in the rat PDL, whether the resolution of ankylosis occurred with time and, finally, to observe the expression of RANKL, RANK and OPG during the ankylotic process.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Dry ice was applied for 20 minutes to the upper right first molar crown of 15 eight-week-old, male Sprague-Dawley rats. An additional three rats served as untreated external controls. Groups of three rats were sacrificed after the thermal insult on day 0, 4, 7, 14 and 28 respectively. Each maxilla was dissected out and processed for histological examination and RANKL, OPG and RANK immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By the use of light microscopy and H&E staining, no ankylosis was detected in the external control group and the experimental groups at days 0 and 4. On day 7, disruption within the periodontal ligament was observed in the interradicular region and the initial signs of ankylosis were seen in the form of finger-like projections extending from the alveolar bone towards the cementum. Fourteen days after the thermal insult, all animals exhibited extensive ankylosis that spanned the entire interradicular periodontal space. At 28 days, the development of ankylosis appeared to have ceased and repair was observed, together with an intact periodontal ligament in all but one rat. Positive staining results were obtained with RANKL, RANK and OPG antibodies. The expressions of RANKL, RANK and OPG were similar in the external control group, 0-, 4-, and 28-day experimental groups. In the 7- and 14-day experimental groups, RANKL, RANK and OPG were expressed in the blood vessels within the ankylotic regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>During the development of ankylosis and its resolution, it was concluded from their simultaneous presence that there is a complex interaction between RANKL, RANK and OPG that requires further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55417,"journal":{"name":"Australian Orthodontic Journal","volume":"30 2","pages":"143-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32942564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}