AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-06-26DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112470
Lucas A.L. Oliveira , Kevin Guelton , Koffi M.D. Motchon , Valter J.S. Leite
{"title":"Refining parameter mismatch handling in LPV sampled-data controller design","authors":"Lucas A.L. Oliveira , Kevin Guelton , Koffi M.D. Motchon , Valter J.S. Leite","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a refined approach to cope with the problem of parameter mismatch in the design conditions of sampled-data controllers for Linear Parameter-Varying (LPV) systems, which occurs between consecutive sampling instants. Using the input delay approach, we propose a novel strategy that applies the mean value theorem while explicitly incorporating the delay into the stability conditions. This method avoids the spread of mismatch terms across all parameter-dependent matrices, yielding less conservative controller synthesis conditions and enabling larger sampling intervals than existing techniques. Despite its simplicity, our approach demonstrates superior performance relative to conditions in the literature, as shown by a numerical example.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 112470"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-06-26DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112463
Ziyi Guo , Jing Zhou , Tongwen Chen
{"title":"Optimal stochastic event-triggered attack on remote state estimation","authors":"Ziyi Guo , Jing Zhou , Tongwen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper designs optimal stealthy deception attacks for Kalman filter-based remote state estimation, focusing on stochastic event-triggered attack scheduling. First, an event-based attack strategy is proposed for adversaries who can intercept innovations transmitted by smart sensors, and the optimality is achieved among all stealthy candidates using the same information set and scheduling. Additionally, the parameters of the employed scheduling are fine-tuned by solving a convex optimization problem. Furthermore, with the help of a variable separation technique for analyzing probability density functions under the event-triggered mechanism, this work designs an optimal attack strategy for attackers who can install additional sensors to measure the system states. Simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 112463"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-06-26DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112456
Delin Chu , Volker Mehrmann
{"title":"Port-Hamiltonian representations of positive real descriptor systems","authors":"Delin Chu , Volker Mehrmann","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The relationship between port-Hamiltonian and positive real linear time-invariant descriptor systems is investigated. It is well-known that port-Hamiltonian systems are positive real, but the converse implication does not always hold. In Cherifi et al. (2023) sufficient conditions for the converse are presented. We refine these conditions and present for a completely controllable, completely observable and positive real descriptor system a necessary and sufficient condition as well as an explicit method to compute a port-Hamiltonian representation of a general positive real linear time-invariant descriptor system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 112456"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-06-26DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112467
Xin Li, Yanlong Zhao
{"title":"The identification of parameter in a finite set under one-bit quantized observations","authors":"Xin Li, Yanlong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies the identification of finite impulse response models whose parameters belong to a finite set under only one-bit quantized observations. Distinct from traditional parameter identification, the target parameter in some practical tasks belongs to a known finite set, rather than a continuous interval. Although the prior set of the parameter carries more information, the identification problem becomes more complicated due to it transforming into a discrete optimization problem, and existing identification methods based on continuous optimization cannot be used directly. To overcome this difficulty, an empirical measures based discrete projection algorithm is proposed. The algorithm first constructs a parameter estimation in a continuous set that includes the prior parameter set, and then maps the estimation to the known discrete set. The proposed algorithm is proved to be convergent in the almost sure sense, and to achieve an exponential convergence rate in the mean square sense under some mild conditions. Compared to the Cramér–Rao lower bound where the unknown parameter resides in a continuous interval, the conclusions reveal a significant improvement in parameter identification performance. Finally, simulations are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 112467"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-06-26DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112431
Idris Kempf , Glenn B. Christian , Michael Abbott , Lorraine Bobb , Paul J. Goulart , Stephen R. Duncan
{"title":"Control of multi-array cross-directional systems using the generalised singular value decomposition","authors":"Idris Kempf , Glenn B. Christian , Michael Abbott , Lorraine Bobb , Paul J. Goulart , Stephen R. Duncan","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diamond Light Source produces synchrotron radiation by accelerating electrons to relativistic speeds. In order to maximise the intensity of the radiation, vibrations of the electron beam are attenuated by a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) control system actuating hundreds of magnets at rates exceeding 10<!--> <!-->kHz. For future accelerator configurations, in which two separate arrays of magnets with different bandwidths and constraints are used in combination, standard accelerator control design methods are not suitable. To address this, we develop a transformation based on the generalised singular value decomposition (GSVD) to decouple the two-array cross-directional (CD) dynamics into sets of two-input single-output (TISO) and single-input single-output (SISO) systems. This transformation allows the controller to be designed in modal space using SISO and TISO methods and to be tuned to each actuator array separately. The non-orthogonality of the GSVD and potentially ill-conditioned response matrices are compensated for by incorporating static compensator matrices. This approach results in a simple controller structure that can be implemented to meet the 100<!--> <!-->kHz sampling frequency of the Diamond’s future configuration with 252 outputs and 396 inputs. The GSVD-based design is implemented and validated through real-world experiments at Diamond. Our approach provides a natural extension of the modal decomposition for single-array systems and has potential application in other CD systems, including paper making, steel rolling, or battery manufacturing processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 112431"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Output feedback periodic event-triggered and self-triggered boundary control of coupled 2 × 2 linear hyperbolic PDEs","authors":"Eranda Somathilake , Bhathiya Rathnayake , Mamadou Diagne","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we expand recently introduced observer-based periodic event-triggered control (PETC) and self-triggered control (STC) schemes for reaction–diffusion PDEs to boundary control of 2 × 2 coupled hyperbolic PDEs in canonical form and with anti-collocated measurement and actuation processes. The class of problem under study governs transport phenomena arising in water management systems, oil drilling, and traffic flow, to name a few. Relative to the state of the art of observer-based event-triggered control of hyperbolic PDEs, our contribution goes two steps further by proposing observer-based PETC and STC for the considered class of systems. These designs arise from a non-trivial redesign of an existing continuous-time event-triggered control (CETC) scheme. PETC and STC eliminate the need for constant monitoring of an event-triggering function as in CETC; PETC requires only periodic evaluations of the triggering function for event detection, whereas STC is a “predictor-feedback” that anticipates the next event time at the current event exploiting continuously accessible output measurements. The introduced resource-aware designs act as input holding mechanisms allowing for the update of the input signal only at events. Subject to the designed boundary output feedback PETC and STC control laws characterized by a set of event-trigger design parameters, the resulting closed-loop systems, which are inherently Zeno-free by design, achieve exponential convergence to zero in the spatial <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> norm. We illustrate the feasibility of the approach by applying the control laws to the linearized Saint-Venant model, which describes the dynamics of shallow water waves in a canal and is used to design flow stabilizers via gate actuation. The provided simulation results illustrate the proposed theory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 112433"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-06-21DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112440
Pei-Ming Liu , Xiang-Gui Guo , Jian-Liang Wang , Hao Lu , Zheng-Guang Wu
{"title":"Switching function-based optimal active fault-tolerant bipartite consensus control for UAV swarm","authors":"Pei-Ming Liu , Xiang-Gui Guo , Jian-Liang Wang , Hao Lu , Zheng-Guang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies the problem of optimal active fault-tolerant bipartite consensus control for flying wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm with nonidentical and unknown direction faults (NUDFs) and disturbances by integrating switching and saturation functions. An observer–controller framework is employed to prevent error propagation among follower UAVs. Based on this framework, an active fault-tolerant control strategy is proposed to improve the system’s transient performance. This strategy prevents sudden shocks from excessive reverse inputs on the system and avoids state chattering caused by excessive adjustment inputs, which often occur in the Nussbaum function-based fault-tolerant control method. Additionally, the newly proposed switching criterion directly matches the desired operating mode, even in the presence of disturbances and multiple fault direction changes, thus avoiding ineffective switching and enhancing the robustness of the designed controller. To further improve the UAVs’ transient performance, a reinforcement learning (RL)-based preset performance backstepping control method is introduced. This method optimizes output regulation, saves energy consumption, and reduces the impact of soft saturation on system performance. Finally, simulation results validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed scheme.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 112440"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-06-20DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112453
Zhiyu Peng , Bayu Jayawardhana , Xin Xin
{"title":"Distributed end-effector formation control for networked 2-DoF flexible-joint manipulators with partially underactuated agents","authors":"Zhiyu Peng , Bayu Jayawardhana , Xin Xin","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of faulty or underactuated manipulators can disrupt the end-effector formation keeping of a team of manipulators. This paper investigates the distributed end-effector formation control of networked planar two-link manipulators with flexible joints, emphasizing cases where some agents are underactuated. The underactuated agents can be active–passive (AP) manipulators, where only the first joint is actuated; passive–active (PA) manipulators, where only the second joint is actuated; or a combination thereof. First, we establish an equilibrium property for the discussed underactuated manipulators with flexible joints. Building upon this property, we introduce the novel concept of virtual end-effectors for manipulators, whose positions serve as intermediate variables in the controller design. Then, we extend the distance-based and displacement-based formation controllers to accommodate this group of manipulators by coupling virtual end-effectors, rather than actual end-effectors used in existing works. Finally, we investigate the set of desired and reachable shapes for the networked end-effectors to highlight how the presence of underactuated manipulators affects the applicability of the proposed controllers. This analysis demonstrates that the distance-based method accommodates more underactuated manipulators in the group than the displacement-based method. We validate both our analysis and the proposed distributed controllers through numerical simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 112453"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-06-20DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112458
Soutrik Bandyopadhyay, Shubhendu Bhasin
{"title":"Lagrangian-based online safe reinforcement learning for state-constrained systems","authors":"Soutrik Bandyopadhyay, Shubhendu Bhasin","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a safe reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm that approximately solves the state-constrained optimal control problem for continuous-time uncertain nonlinear systems. We formulate the safe RL problem as the minimization of a Lagrangian that includes the cost functional and a user-defined barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) encoding the state constraints. We show that the analytical solution obtained by the application of Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions contains a state-dependent expression for the Lagrange multiplier, which is a function of uncertain terms in the system dynamics. We argue that a naive estimation of the Lagrange multiplier may lead to safety constraint violations. To obviate this challenge, we propose an Actor–Critic–Identifier–Lagrangian (ACIL) algorithm that learns optimal control policies from online data without compromising safety. We provide safety and boundedness guarantees with the proposed algorithm and compare its performance with existing offline/online RL methods via a simulation study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 112458"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-06-20DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112447
Víctor Hernández-Santamaría , Subrata Majumdar , Luz de Teresa
{"title":"Event-triggered boundary control of the linearized FitzHugh–Nagumo equation","authors":"Víctor Hernández-Santamaría , Subrata Majumdar , Luz de Teresa","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we address the exponential stabilization of the linearized FitzHugh–Nagumo system using an event-triggered boundary control strategy. Employing the backstepping method, we derive a feedback control law that updates based on specific triggering rules while ensuring the exponential stability of the closed-loop system. We establish the well-posedness of the system and analyze its input-to-state stability in relation to the deviations introduced by the event-triggered control. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, showing that it stabilizes the system with fewer control updates compared to continuous feedback strategies while maintaining similar stabilization performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 112447"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}