Bois et Forets Des Tropiques最新文献

{"title":"Importance des cultes dans la préservation des espèces d’arbre, le cas du samba (Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum.) au Bénin","authors":"Gabin Ganka, V. K. Salako, Belarmain Fandohan","doi":"10.19182/bft2022.351.a36866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19182/bft2022.351.a36866","url":null,"abstract":"Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum. est l’une des espèces vénérées des écosystèmes sacrés du Bénin qui revêt une importance socioculturelle. Toutefois, les peuplements naturels de l’espèce sont en déclin et les informations sur ses usages sont quasi non documentées. Cette étude évalue les connaissances locales sur les usages de l’espèce et la distribution desdites connaissances entre groupes ethnolinguistiques, culturels et cultuels au Bénin. Des enquêtes ethnobotaniques individuelles ont été réalisées auprès de 411 adeptes des divinités liées à la conservation de l’espèce au Bénin. Les indices ethnobotaniques tels que la fréquence relative de citation (FRC), la valeur d’usages (VU) total et par organe, et l’indice d’importance culturelle (IC) ont été utilisés pour quantifier la popularité, l’utilisation et l’importance socioculturelle de T. scleroxylon, respectivement. Un modèle linéaire généralisé avec la distribution de la binomiale négative a été réalisé pour examiner la variation de la VU entre groupes ethnolinguistiques, culturels et cultuels. Au total, 36 usages spécifiques catégorisés en neuf types d’usages ont été rapportés. Les usages cultuels, médicinaux, artisanaux et comme bois d’œuvre sont les plus cités. Toutes les parties de la plante sont prisées dans la tradition du culte Oro. Les feuilles, racines et écorces sont les organes utilisés pour traiter diverses affections dont les plus populaires sont les affections digestives et gynécologiques. Les connaissances et les usages de l’espèce varient significativement entre les groupes ethnolinguistiques et cultuels. Une singularité des connaissances de T. scleroxylon a été observée chez les adeptes du culte Oro. La disparition de cette espèce pourrait avoir des conséquences majeures sur l’identité et la stabilité culturelle et cultuelle des peuples pratiquant cette tradition. Les usages médicinaux populaires rapportés offrent aussi des perspectives pour la valorisation médicinale de l’espèce.","PeriodicalId":55346,"journal":{"name":"Bois et Forets Des Tropiques","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91213755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of soil biotic and abiotic properties on the growth and mycorrhization of Cedrus atlantica Manetti cedars","authors":"Belkacem El Amrani","doi":"10.19182/bft2022.351.a36825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19182/bft2022.351.a36825","url":null,"abstract":"Cedrus atlantica Manetti is an emblematic species of great ecological, economic and social value. However, its weak root architecture seriously compromises (re)afforestation and regeneration of the species. Although it is known that mycorrhization is beneficial to cedars growing in unfavourable conditions, our knowledge on the mycorrhization of cedar seedlings is remains patchy. These difficulties show a need to study the interactions between the roots and the soil biotic and abiotic factors and to seek solutions to promote the mycorrhization of cedar seedlings. For this purpose, we studied the responses of cedar seedlings to the physico-chemical, textural, hydromechanical and microbiological factors of the soil and mycorrhization success in juvenile cedars. The response of C. atlantica seedlings to the textural and physico-chemical properties of soils in cedar woods shows that they are highly dependent on organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents and on the soil's granulometry. These factors stimulate the growth of secondary roots in some soils while in others, they cause seedling growth to predominate. The provenances of C. atlantica show a high nitrogen requirement and different preferences for nitrogen forms. Variations in the cotyledons also reveal different patterns of adaptation to nitrogen nutrition. The hydromechanical properties of the culture medium profoundly affect C. atlantica seedlings, so that in extreme cases, they either over-stimulate the elongation of unbranched main roots or completely inhibit their elongation, producing a great many reduced lateral roots. On the anatomical scale, these responses are more apparent around the cortex. Interactions with the native soil microflora have a determining effect on the growth of C. atlantica seedlings, since the microbial composition of the soil can stimulate growth and decrease the density of roots. The nutrient depletion of 6 soils   allowed the trapping of 15 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi of young C. atlantica seedlings. This indicates the crucial importance of this new range of mycorrhizal fungi, characterized for the first time in C. atlantica seedlings, especially for work aiming to improve the health status of cedar seedlings.","PeriodicalId":55346,"journal":{"name":"Bois et Forets Des Tropiques","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74824120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Casuarina species in Algeria: reviewing their identity, distribution and symbiotic status","authors":"Kathia Belaid, L. Potgieter, S. Amrani, Madjid Zizi, H. Gherbi","doi":"10.19182/bft2022.351.a36386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19182/bft2022.351.a36386","url":null,"abstract":"Since their introduction at the beginning of the 19th century, Casuarina species have become important components of the Algerian landscape, yet the numbers of species present in Algeria and their identity, distribution, and symbiotic status are still not well understood. A survey conducted on 2,304 trees in 96 Casuarina stands across Algeria indicates that they are represented exclusively by five species: Casuarina cristata Miq., C. cunninghamiana Miq., C. equisetifolia L., C. glauca Sieber ex Spreng. and C. junghuhniana Miq. Two species, C. cunninghamiana and C. glauca, were the most common – the former occurring more often in the relatively humid and temperate areas of the country while the latter is most frequent in the drier and warmer areas. Production of seedlings of C. cunninghamiana and C. glauca in 12 nurseries resulted in low rates of spontaneous mycorrhizal infection frequency and nodulation, suggesting that inoculation of seedlings with selected mycorrhizal fungi and/or Frankia strains in the nursery would be necessary to improve their establishment in the field. This study is the first survey of the geographical distribution of Casuarina species in Algeria and should lead to more efficient utilization of this widely used tree genus in Algeria.","PeriodicalId":55346,"journal":{"name":"Bois et Forets Des Tropiques","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75948749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suitability of large-scale tree plantation models in Africa, Asia and Latin America for forest landscape restoration objectives","authors":"Adrien Peroches, H. Baral, Marion Chesnes, A. López-Sampson, G. Lescuyer","doi":"10.19182/bft2022.351.a36870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19182/bft2022.351.a36870","url":null,"abstract":"Today, tree plantations play a crucial role in supplying wood and wood-based products. They supply almost half of global demand, as well as supporting a diversity of ecosystem services. In tropical and subtropical areas, where tree growth is optimum and large tracts of land are available, forest restoration is presented as one of the most effective strategies for climate change mitigation. For these reasons, large-scale tree plantations are being encouraged in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Based on a review of the literature and of public databases on forest plantations, we drew up a typology of large-scale tree plantations in Latin America, Africa and Asia using four criteria: the management objective (production versus protection), number of species planted (multi-species versus mono-species), origin of species (exotic versus indigenous) and management status (industrial companies, private smallholders, state). Our analysis identified seven main plantation types and reveals that the two most common types represent almost 60% of the total planted area: (1) private mono-species plantations using exotic species; and (2) public production-oriented mono/multi-species plantations of indigenous trees. Numerous experimental studies were conducted in the 1950s and 1960s with a wide range of tree plantation models. However, few were adopted by operators because the production rates and financial returns were considered low. The dominant tree plantation types are failing to meet most of the forest restoration objectives set out in the Bonn Challenge (i.e., productivity, carbon storage, biodiversity conservation, rural livelihoods). Alternative large-scale tree plantation models could be promoted by focusing on the other goods and services that plantations can provide. This could be achieved if more diverse stakeholders were involved in plantation design and management processes, and if appropriate technical, financial, and institutional incentives were developed.","PeriodicalId":55346,"journal":{"name":"Bois et Forets Des Tropiques","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84770891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Détermination des paramètres d’évaluation du stock de carbone dans les écosystèmes forestiers (Cedrus atlantica Manetti, cèdre de l’Atlas au Maroc) : méthodes spécifiques et génériques","authors":"Mohamed EL MDERSSA","doi":"10.19182/bft2022.351.a36330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19182/bft2022.351.a36330","url":null,"abstract":"La quantification du carbone emmagasiné dans les écosystèmes forestiers et de son équivalent en CO2 constitue un impératif pour une estimation fiable de la contribution de ce puits de carbone dans la limitation des émissions de gaz à effet de Serre.  La présente étude vise dans un premier temps, par une étude de terrain, à évaluer le volume de bois sur pied et à estimer la quantité de carbone contenue dans les parties aériennes et racinaires, tout en déterminant le facteur d’expansion et de conversion de la biomasse (FECB) spécifique du cèdre de l’Atlas (Cedrus atlantica Manetti) situé dans la zone du Moyen Atlas central. D’autre part, les résultats obtenus ont été comparés à ceux provenant de l’utilisation des paramètres génériques du Groupe d’experts Intergouvernemental sur l’évolution du climat (GIEC) en 2006. Le volume de bois sur pied et la biomasse aérienne ont été déterminés en utilisant des tarifs de cubage et des modèles de biomasse développés à partir des mesures directes du poids sec et du volume sur 30 arbres échantillonnés et prélevés dans chaque forêt de la zone d’étude. Le volume et la biomasse aérienne ont été évalués respectivement à 3 321 284 m3 et à 1 521 153 t de matière sèche. Le FECB, déterminé par le rapport entre le volume et la biomasse, est de 0,36 tMS/m3, valeur inférieure à celle estimée par le GIEC (0,55 tMS/m3). La fraction de carbone (FC), issue de la calcination des échantillons de bois prélevés, est de l’ordre de 0,5643 tC/tMS. Elle est supérieure à la valeur donnée par le GIEC (0,51 tC/tMS). Au final, la quantité de carbone contenue dans l’écosystème étudié est de 858 387 t de matière sèche contre 931 620 t estimées à partir des paramètres du GIEC.","PeriodicalId":55346,"journal":{"name":"Bois et Forets Des Tropiques","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78131148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Descriptif technique du bois d'essence tropicale – Osanga – Pteleopsis hylodendron Mildbr.","authors":"Jean GÉRARD et al.","doi":"10.19182/bft2022.351.a36871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19182/bft2022.351.a36871","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Version française et anglaise - Extrait de l’Atlas des bois tropicaux – Caractéristiques technologiques et utilisationsJ. Gérard (coord), D. Guibal (au.), J.-C. Cerre (au.), S. Paradis (au.), et 40 auteurs, 2016.Éditions Quæ, 1000 p. \u0000https://www.quae.com/produit/1408/9782759225521/atlas-des-bois-tropicaux \u0000","PeriodicalId":55346,"journal":{"name":"Bois et Forets Des Tropiques","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77395124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Pinus wood prices for different timber assortments: comparison of stochastic processes","authors":"R. Munis, J. C. Martins, D. Camargo, D. Simões","doi":"10.19182/bft2022.351.a36392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19182/bft2022.351.a36392","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the dynamics of market prices for Pinus wood is a prerequisite for strategic decisions concerning forest investment plans since, in terms of the market, the exogenous risk to a project depends on timber assortments. The stochastic process that represents the best way of pricing the underlying asset therefore needs to be known. This study set out to compare Fractional Brownian Motion and Geometric Brownian Motion, through econometric tests, to understand the stochastic model that best represents the price behaviour of Pinus wood from planted forests in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, for the pricing of the underlying asset and valuation of the real options intrinsic to forest investment projects. The time series of prices, for the period from June 2017 to July 2019, relate to three assortments of Pinus wood used for multiple products. The recommended econometric tests to analyse the time series were for normality of the data, trend, autocorrelation, stationarity and fractional differential estimation. The time series were then modelled by means of stochastic processes in line with the econometric tests. The time series showed normal behaviour and indicated the presence of a positive trend and non-stationarity in the data. In addition, a true long memory was found in all series. Fractional Brownian Motion proved to be the most suitable stochastic process for modelling the prices of three forest timber assortments, given the non-stationary characteristics and true long memory of the time series for Pinus wood prices.","PeriodicalId":55346,"journal":{"name":"Bois et Forets Des Tropiques","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81575549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light management in tree nurseries to produce Pithecellobium dulce seedlings for the reforestation of degraded lands in Southern Mexico's tropical dry forests","authors":"Erickson Basave-Villalobos, V. M. CETINA ALCALÁ, Miguel Ángel LÓPEZ LÓPEZ, Carlos TREJO LÓPEZ, Carlos RAMÍREZ HERRERA, Pablo Martínez Antúnez MARTÍNEZ ANTÚNEZ, Víctor CONDE MARTÍNEZ","doi":"10.19182/bft2022.351.a31919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19182/bft2022.351.a31919","url":null,"abstract":"The choice of nursery practices is important to the production of high-quality seedlings and to increase the survival rates of reforestation plantations in the dry tropics. However, adequate practices need to be established for native species for which propagation information is scarce. This study suggests that light management in nurseries is a key cultivation practice for future planting success, because of the morpho-physiological changes that plants usually undergo in different light conditions. We examined variations in the morphology, photosynthesis efficiency and growth of Pithecellobium dulce plants produced under four levels of light in nursery conditions (20%, 40%, 60%, and 100% of photosynthetically active radiation [PAR]). We also assessed survival after planting out according to the light conditions under which the plants were grown. Morpho-physiological variables were examined in three-month-old plants. A plantation was established in the field using the nursery-grown plants, and their survival was recorded monthly for 17 months. In the nursery, the light levels had significant effects on morphology, photosynthesis efficiency and growth. The 60% PAR level was favourable to optimum results for most of the variables, whereas the least successful results were found in plants grown at 20% PAR. Seedling survival in the field differed significantly according to the nursery light level, increasing with greater light intensity in the nursery during seedling production. 100% survival was observed in seedlings produced under 100% PAR, whereas the lowest survival rate (53%) was found in seedlings grown under 20% PAR. Light management thus shows potential as a cultivation practice by affecting the quality of P. dulce seedlings, which is improved in the nursery at 60% PAR. However, better survival after planting out is obtained with plants produced under full sun. These results should help to improve nursery management and establishment in the field of P. dulce in projects to restore degraded lands in the dry tropics.","PeriodicalId":55346,"journal":{"name":"Bois et Forets Des Tropiques","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87760389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Descriptif technique du bois d'essence tropicale – Okan – Cylicodiscus gabunensis Harms.","authors":"Jean GÉRARD et al.","doi":"10.19182/bft2021.350.a36830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19182/bft2021.350.a36830","url":null,"abstract":"Extrait de l’Atlas des bois tropicaux – Caractéristiques technologiques et utilisationsJ. Gérard (coord), D. Guibal (au.), J.-C. Cerre (au.), S. Paradis (au.), et 40 auteurs, 2016.Éditions Quæ, 1000 p. \u0000https://www.quae.com/produit/1408/9782759225521/atlas-des-bois-tropicaux","PeriodicalId":55346,"journal":{"name":"Bois et Forets Des Tropiques","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47075057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le concept de services écosystémiques peut-il faciliter la transition agroécologique dans l’Amazonie brésilienne ? Résultats d’une approche de recherche par méthodes mixtes à Irituia et Paragominas, dans l’État du Pará.","authors":"Antonio Gabriel LIMA RESQUE","doi":"10.19182/bft2021.350.a36832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19182/bft2021.350.a36832","url":null,"abstract":"La transition agroécologique est indispensable pour concilier le développement socio-économique et la conservation de l’environnement dans les territoires ruraux du monde entier et plus particulièrement en Amazonie Brésilienne. Le concept de coproduction de services écosystémiques (SE) a été proposé pour penser et discuter cette transition, mais on connaît mal comment les acteurs perçoivent et échangent en pratique sur ce concept. \u0000La question principale de cette thèse est : Comment le cadre conceptuel des SE peut-il servir de base cognitive et opérationnelle pour soutenir la transition agroécologique ? Nous examinons deux municipalités aux modèles de production contrastés, situées dans la partie orientale de l'Amazonie brésilienne : Irituia et Paragominas. Nous avons adopté une perspective multi-acteurs et une approche de méthodes mixtes, combinant des méthodologies qualitatives, telles que des entretiens semi-directifs et l'observation participante, avec des méthodologies semi-quantitatives telles que des questionnaires et un jeu de rôles. \u0000Nous avons d'abord cherché à comprendre comment les acteurs qui appuient l’agriculture perçoivent la coproduction des SE. Les perceptions diffèrent sensiblement selon le type d'activité exercée par les acteurs, notamment en fonction de la nature de leurs connaissances (plus scientifique ou empirique). Nous avons ensuite examiné comment ces perceptions influençaient le processus de décision de pratiques de gestion de l’agroécosystème. Nous avons constaté l'importance de marchés institutionnels pour valoriser l'agrobiodiversité. Des facteurs internes à l'exploitation, tels que le travail, les revenus, les valeurs de l’agriculteur, influencent également ce processus de prise de décision. Enfin, le jeu de rôles construit a permis aux parties prenantes de synthétiser et de discuter de différents types de connaissances sur ce processus. \u0000Finalement, nous avons démontré comment les connaissances générées lors des étapes précédentes pouvaient contribuer à rendre la transition agroécologique plus opérationnelle. En révélant les attentes et les facteurs qui motivent des acteurs locaux, ces connaissances permettent de comprendre ce qui influence les pratiques de gestion de l’agroécosystème. Nous en concluons que le cadre conceptuel de la coproduction des SE permet d’aller au-delà de l'explicitation simple des éléments corrélés à la gestion des agroécosystèmes. Il constitue également un outil pertinent pour stimuler la communication entre les différents acteurs.","PeriodicalId":55346,"journal":{"name":"Bois et Forets Des Tropiques","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49392994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}