Bothalia最新文献

{"title":"ESTRUCTURA DE LA COMUNIDAD DE DÍPTEROS ACUÁTICOS EN TRAMOS DE LOS CURSOS ALTOS DE LOS RÍOS FUCHA Y BOGOTÁ","authors":"John Freddy Rodriguez Rodriguez, Gabriel Antonio Pinilla agudelo, Ligia Ines Moncada Alvarez","doi":"10.15446/ABC.V26N2.81916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ABC.V26N2.81916","url":null,"abstract":"Aquatic macroinvertebrates are recognized as bioindicators of water quality. In Colombia, the studies have mainly been addressed by the family taxonomic level. This work analyzes the responses in abundance, richness, and diversity of the Diptera at the genus level in high Andean rivers (Bogota River and Fucha River), in periods of low and high waters. The specimens were collected with three methods: Surber net, hand net, and rock washing. The average temperature was 12.9 oC and oxygen saturation was close to 100 % or more, except for the lower section of the Bogota River, before the Villapinzon town. 13 690 Diptera were collected from ten families and 40 genera. Taxonomic richness was high with the greatest variation in the lower sections of the two streams. The Chironomidae subfamilies were the most abundant. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that Orthocladiinae were associated with water conductivity; the Gigantodaxgenus (Simuliidae) did not show a clear relationship with any variable; conversely, the genus Simuliumwas linked to the caudal. In general terms, the association between taxa and environmental variables was clearer for genera than for families, but it was not robust enough. It is suggested that to find a higher degree of biota-environment association, it is necessary to carry out analyzes at the species level, considering local and temporal variations.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"61 1","pages":"147-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78974754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFECTO DEL FILTRADO DE SECUENCIAS EN EL ENSAMBLADO DEL GENOMA DE Bacillus altitudinis AISLADO DE Ilex paraguariensis","authors":"Ileana Julieta Cortese, M. Castrillo, P. Zapata, M. E. Laczeski","doi":"10.15446/ABC.V26N2.86406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ABC.V26N2.86406","url":null,"abstract":"Regardless of the type of technology applied to genome sequencing, sequence filtering is an essential step, where those low-quality readings or part of them are eliminated. In an assembly, the construction of a genome is carried out from the union of short readings in contigs. Some assemblers measure the relationship between sequences of a fixed length (k-mer) that can be affected by the presence of low-quality sequences. A common approach to evaluating assemblies is based on the analysis of the number of contigs, the length of the longest contig, and the value of N50 defined as the length of the contig representing 50 % of the length of the assembly. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the use of raw and filtered reads on the values of the quality parameters obtained in the assembly of the genome of the Bacillus altitudinis 19RS3 strain isolated from Ilex paraguariensis. The quality analysis of both starting files was performed with the FastqC software and the readings were filtered with the Trimmomatic software. The SPAdes software was used for the assembly and the QUAST tool for its evaluation. The best assembly for B. altitudinis19RS3 was obtained from the filtered readings with the value of k-mer 79, which generated 16 contigs greater than 500 bp with an N50 of 931 914 bp and the longest contig of 966 271 bp.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"35 1","pages":"170-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87312020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influencia de la herbivoría y la apertura de claros sobre el crecimiento total de Brosimum alicastrum (Moraceae)","authors":"Edgar Fernando Carrillo Herrera, Susana Ariely Dzib Ek, Horacio Salomón Ballina Gómez","doi":"10.15446/ABC.V26N2.83289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ABC.V26N2.83289","url":null,"abstract":"Compensatory plant growth and plant defense are responses to deal with herbivory and light availability. The research focused on compensatory growth responses explained through the influence of morphological and physiological components of plant growth, allocation mass, and plant defense could clarify such process. We studied the effects of herbivory and gap-openness on compensatory growth responses, morphological and physiological components, allocation mass, and chemical defenses in seedlings of Brosimum alicastrumin a subhumid tropical forest. We used a nested design with understory and gap-openness site (n = 3 each) within each replicated site seedling belong to three herbivory treatments (n = 10 each): control, simulated, and natural; and along six months we studied the influence of leaf herbivory on plant growth (mass, leaf area, height, diameter, and leaf production) and production of phenols and leaf toughness. We recorded compensatory growth responses (all plant growth variables) with natural herbivory, subcompensatory (mass, height, and diameter) with simulated and, overcompensatory (leaf production) with natural herbivory although only under gap-openness. We found a higher leaf area ratio (LAR) and specific leaf area (SLA) (both morphological components) under gap-openness and high values of net assimilation rate (NAR) on understory. The mass proportion was highest in leaves and stems on the understory and higher in roots under gap-openness. Leaf herbivory was highest under gap-openness while the phenols of the leaves on understory. We did not find a relationship (trade-off) between defense with plant growth, but it was possible to underline a negative pattern of the leaf phenols under limiting resources environment such as understory.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"365 1","pages":"186-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78009645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new record for the milk frog Trachycephalus coriaceus (ANURA: HYLIDAE) from teles pires river, South Amazonia, Brazil","authors":"Vanessa Gonçalves Ferreira, Rafaela Thaler, Henrique Folly, Leandro Alves da Silva","doi":"10.15446/ABC.V26N2.87779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ABC.V26N2.87779","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, we report a new record of the milk frog Trachycephalus coriaceus for the Brazilian southern Amazonia and provide an updated geographic distribution map. We collected one specimen of T. coriaceus on 8 november 2016, during a nocturnal survey inside a dense ombrophilous forest in the right bank of the Teles Pires River, municipality of Jacareacanga, southern of Pará State. The record of T. coriaceus to Jacareacanga is the first to the State. The disjoint geographic distribution of this species along de Amazonia may just reflect the paucity of amphibian knowledge throughout this biome and the difficulty to detect this species in the field, given its explosive reproductive behavior.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"7 1","pages":"283-286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78653918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PREDATORY INTERACTION BETWEEN TWO ANURAN SPECIES WITH Thamnodynastes chaquensis (COLUBRIDAE) IN THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO","authors":"Fernanda Dias-Silva, Rodney Murillo Peixoto Couto, M. Miguel, G. Adams, Daniel Buhler, E. A. Pereira","doi":"10.15446/ABC.V26N2.85132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ABC.V26N2.85132","url":null,"abstract":"Although predatory events are uncommon to be recorded in nature, these data are important tools for understanding prey-predator interaction of the involved species. Snakes of genus Thamnodynastes are known for having an anuran diet, including some species of hylid frogs in their diet. Despite this, this pattern does not include T. chaquensis since there are no records on predation or trophic interaction with hylid frogs.Here, we report the first predatory interaction between T. chaquensis and two hylid frogs in Brazilian Cerrado. The first predation event with treefrog Boana caiapo occurred with success but, the second with B. albopunctatadid not. Connecting trophic links within an ecosystem requires in-depth knowledge of its species and their intraspecific interactions. In this context, records of the predation and predation attempts such as these may help to connect unknown trophic links, which helps to understand aspects of the natural history of the species involved.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"1 1","pages":"273-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75568139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"YUCA: PAN Y CARNE, UNA ALTERNATIVA POTENCIAL PARA HACER FRENTE AL HAMBRE OCULTA","authors":"Paula Diaz Tatis, Camilo Ernesto López Carrascal","doi":"10.15446/ABC.V26N2.84569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ABC.V26N2.84569","url":null,"abstract":"One of the challenges facing humanity is to ensure food and adequate nutrition for the nearly eight billion inhabitants of the planet. Cassava roots constitute the fourth most important source of calories for the human population, being one of the pillars of food security. Cassava roots do not have adequate nutritional attributes. Although there are varieties with relatively high values of these compounds, these are far from those necessary to ensure the minimum requirements of the human population. Cassava leaves have a high content of protein, minerals, and vitamins, so they represent an alternative nutritional source. However, their consumption in Latin America is scarce due to the high levels of cyanide they possess. In some countries of Africa and Asia, the leaves are consumed through various recipes that include cooking, thus eliminating a large amount of cyanogen content. This review presents an overview of the nutritional importance of cassava, the different strategies of classical and unconventional genetic improvement aimed at increasing the nutritional content of roots, and the importance of exploiting the intrinsic variability of cassava as a source of varieties and genes that can contribute to the development of strategies directed to developing materials with the appropriate nutritional requirements. Finally, the potential of cassava leaves to be used in complementary programs aimed at improving the nutritional quality of the human population is presented.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"16 1","pages":"235-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78874321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TOXICIDAD AGUDA DEL HERBICIDA PARAQUAT EN Oreochromis niloticus (CICHLIDAE) Y Macrobrachium olfersii (PALAEMONIDAE).","authors":"David Gil Díaz, Gabycarmen Navarrete Rodríguez, María del Refugio Castañeda Chávez, Itzel Galaviz Villa, Cinthya Alejandra Sosa Villalobos","doi":"10.15446/ABC.V26N2.84792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ABC.V26N2.84792","url":null,"abstract":"Paraquat is an herbicide used in the agricultural industry for weed and undergrowth control, its mode of action is by contact and non-selective. Due to its high-water solubility and low volatility, it represents a potential risk for non-target organisms. Oreochromis niloticustilapia and the prawn Macrobrachium olfersiiare important commercial species for Veracruz´s aquaculture industry. The objective of this study was to determine the Mean Lethal Concentration (LC50) of the herbicide Dasurquat® (active ingredient Paraquat) through an acute toxicity bioassay (96 hours). Juvenile O. niloticus(average weight = 10 mg, total length = 8.75 mm) and juvenileM. olfersiipostlarvae (average weight = 5 mg, total length = 5.72mm) were used as test specimens. Five herbicide concentrations (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 µl/L for tilapia and 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7 y 1 µl/L for prawn) were applied. The experimental design considered a negative control, with two replications and two replicates for each treatment. Probit analysis determined that the LC50at 96 hours for O. niloticuswas 17.49 µl L-1, with a lower 95 % confidence limit of 13.75 µl L-1and an upper limit of 22.25 µl L-1, whereas for M. olfersiithe LC50at 96 hours was 0.31 µl L-1, with a lower 95 % confidence limit of 0.26 µl L-1and an upper limit of 0.35 µl L-1. The analysis of variance showed that there was no significant statistical difference (p >0.05) between the replicates of the treatments. It is concluded that it is necessary to continue evaluating its toxicity in aquatic organisms due to the wide use of this herbicide in Veracruz´s agricultural activity, to determine its potential risk to other activities.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"262 1","pages":"178-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79667547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MAMÍFEROS URBANOS COLOMBIANOS: UNA REVISIÓN DE LO QUE SABEMOS Y LO QUE NOS FALTA","authors":"Francisco Sanchez","doi":"10.15446/ABC.V26N2.82858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ABC.V26N2.82858","url":null,"abstract":"Urban ecosystems are amongst the fastest growing environments on the planet due to the increase in human population. Hence, it is necessary to obtain information about biodiversity in such environments for their management and conservation. I reviewed the publications about Colombian urban mammals and analyzed four aspects: 1) the relationship between the number of publications and the year, 2) the contribution of publications from natural regions and departments, 3) the relationship between the number of publications and the human population per department, and 4) the contribution of publications about different subjects and mammal orders in different natural regions. The number of publications about urban mammals has increased exponentially with time, but the number of publications is not uniformly distributed among natural regions or departments. There was a positive relationship between the human population size per department and the number of publications. Nevertheless, in some departments, there was a higher than expected number of publications, whereas in others it was below the expectations. There is limited information about the ecological responses of mammals to urbanization, their possibility to transfer diseases, the species composition in most urban areas, and the effect of urbanizations on mammal diversity. I suggest that places such as university campuses and low-cost behavioral indicators based on activity or foraging should be used for experiments to develop strategies to allow the coexistence between humans and wild mammals in and around the cities.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"19 1","pages":"262-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74516454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BRIÓFITOS DE TRONCOS EN DESCOMPOSICIÓN DE LA ESTACIÓN BIOLÓGICA EL ZAFIRE, AMAZONAS-COLOMBIA","authors":"Emanuel Alberto Cataño, Jaime Uribe-M., L. V. Campos","doi":"10.15446/ABC.V26N2.86245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ABC.V26N2.86245","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to characterize the bryophyte community on rotten logs in the Zafire biological station, Amazonas-Colombia. We sampled 100 plots on 20 trunks with different states of decomposition in two types of forest (terra firme and floodplain). 120 species are reported, 81 liverworts and 39 mosses, belonging to 55 genera (33 liverworts and 22 mosses) and 21 families (nine liverworts and 12 mosses). Four new species are registered for Colombia, 25 for the Colombia Amazon, and 41 for the department of Amazonas. In terms of richness, the floodplain presented a higher value than the terra firme forest. However, no significant difference was found between the two types of forests (Kruskal Wallis X2c = 0.199, X2t = 3.81). Diversity was higher in the floodplain (Shanon = 3.93) compared to the terra firme forest (Shanon = 3.67). The composition of the bryophyte communities shows differences between the two types of forests (similarity equal to 40 %). In the floristic study of the two types of forests of the biological station, the most common family was Lejeuneaceae, representing 55.5 % of the liverworts sampled and 37.5 % of the total of the bryophyte species.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"75 1","pages":"214-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89013245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Otimização do método de produção massal de Trichoderma asperellum (Ascomycota: Hypocreaceae) em arroz","authors":"J. G. Aguilera, J. Santos, C. Santos, A. Zuffo, R. Vian, Ícaro Raoni Ecke Medeiros, A. Barbosa, Roberto Juns da Silva, J. Bernardo","doi":"10.21726/ABC.V7I3.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21726/ABC.V7I3.134","url":null,"abstract":"Products based on Trichoderma spp. are widely used in the control of soil diseases. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of two methods of wetting the rice (M1 and M2), two different bag packing positions in the growth room, and four different areas of microporous tape as part of the production optimization process of Trichoderma asperellum. The adopted design was factorial (2 x 2 x 4) with three repetitions.Initially, the amount of water to be used in the M2 method was adjusted, and the volumes of 0, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160 and 180 ml were tested, and, then, those were evaluated by means of two note scales, one for the development of mycelium and the other for sporulation. The variables colonized rice weight (CRW) and colony forming units (CFU) were also evaluated in two experiments, for both methods. By varying the amount of water in the bag, it is concluded that the fungus is dependent on a higher percentage of moisture in the substrate, with significant differences 1 Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) ─ Campus Chapadão do Sul, Rodovia MS 306, km 105, Caixa Postal 112 ─ CEP 79560000, Chapadão do Sul, MS, Brasil. 2 Núcleo de Produção de Insumo Orgânico na Propriedade para uso próprio sem fins de comercialização, Fazenda Selia, GO, Brasil. 3 Universidade Federal de Paraíba (UFPB), Campus Mamanguape, PB, Brasil. 4 Universidade Estadual de Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS), Cachoeira do Sul, RS, Brasil. 5 Autor para correspondência: j51173@yahoo.com. Acta Biológica Catarinense 2020 Jul-Set;7(3):46-58 Recebido em: 8 mar. 2019 Aceito em: 13 jul. 2020 Otimização do método de produção massal de Trichoderma asperellum (Ascomycota: Hypocreaceae) em arroz 47 Acta Biológica Catarinense. 2020 Jul-Set;7(3):46-58 (P<0.05). When analyzing the ANOVA, highly significant differences were noticed (P<0.01) for the double and triple interactions between the tested factors. The M2 method allowed a greater time saving, also providing superior values for CRW and CFU, combined with the horizontal position and with a 20 cm2 microporous tape area. This combination promoted the further development of T. asperellum fungus under the conditions tested.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"19 1","pages":"46-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88024044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}