Canadian Water Resources Journal最新文献

{"title":"Water always wins: thriving in an age of drought and deluge","authors":"W. Holden","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2023.2188260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2023.2188260","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49297268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a better understanding of the evaporative cooling of rivers: case study for the Little Southwest Miramichi River (New Brunswick, Canada)","authors":"V. Ouellet, D. Caissie","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2023.2177196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2023.2177196","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Stream temperature plays an important role in many biotic and abiotic processes, as it influences many physical, chemical, and biological properties in rivers. As such, a good understanding of the thermal regime of rivers is essential for effective fisheries management and the protection of aquatic habitats. Moreover, a thorough understanding of underlying physical processes and river heat fluxes is essential in developing better and more adaptive water temperature models. Very few studies have quantified river evaporation and rivers’ corresponding evaporative cooling component. The present study investigated the evaporative cooling of the Little Southwest Miramichi River in Eastern Canada by calculating the evaporative heat flux and overall heat fluxes using in-situ data. Results showed that the evaporative heat flux reached −300 W m−2 mid-day when high water temperatures were observed. The daily evaporative heat flux can thus account for close to 50% of the total heat losses, followed by longwave radiation (25%), streambed heat fluxes (20%), and sensible heat (5%). Our results show that the evaporative heat flux can be a critical cooling mechanism for wide and shallow rivers during high summer temperatures.","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42633593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overcoming the challenges of flow forecasting in a data poor region","authors":"N. Kouwen, Amber Langmuir, Lakshminarayanan Ramanathan, Gordon Gallant","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2023.2170283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2023.2170283","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Ontario, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF) is responsible for the provincial flood forecasting and warning (PFFW) program. The goal of Ontario’s PFFW program is to reduce the risk of loss of life, injury, and property damage due to flooding. The Surface Water Monitoring Centre (SWMC) fulfills MNRF’s provincial mandate for public safety by providing daily provincial scale Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) for flooding for the province at a provincial scale. The SWMC uses a variety of tools to complete the HIRA, however, there are currently no operational flood forecasting capabilities available within the suite of monitoring tools used by the province. Ontario’s Special Advisor on Flooding Report and the Ontario Flooding Strategy highlights flood forecasting as a part of overall flood management. As a follow up, a pilot study using WATFLOOD® was undertaken in the Severn River in Northern Ontario to explore the use and implications of operational forecasting capabilities in a data poor region. There are currently no year-round meteorological stations in this watershed. WATFLOOD is well suited for application in remote and data poor regions as the hydrological parameters are not watershed based and can be calibrated with data from watersheds in a similar physiographic/climatic domain – e.g. the Hudson Bay Lowlands. This paper will show: that hydrological and routing parameters from a more densely instrumented region can be applied to a data poor region; that WATFLOOD can be used to provide an acceptable flow forecast and calibration in a data-poor region; and Numerical weather model data, rather than conventional gauge data can be used to successfully calibrate a hydrological model in a data poor region.","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44884993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of Canadian research in advancing groundwater hydrology: historical sketches from the past 75 years","authors":"M. Hayashi, G. van der Kamp","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2023.2177197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2023.2177197","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45166715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevation-dependent warming of streams in mountainous regions: implications for temperature modeling and headwater climate refugia","authors":"D. Isaak, C. Luce","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2023.2176788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2023.2176788","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Climate change is warming stream temperatures with significant implications for species that require cold temperatures to persist. These species often rely on headwater habitats in mountainous regions where elevation gradients in hydroclimatic conditions may induce differential patterns of long-term warming that affect the resistance of refugia. Forecasts from mechanistic and statistical stream temperature models diverge regarding whether this elevation dependence will cause above- or below-average warming in headwaters during warm summer periods, so we examined monitoring records for stream temperature (n = 271), air temperature (n = 690), and stream discharge (n = 131) across broad elevation gradients in a mountainous region of western North America to better understand potential future trends. Over a 40-year period characterized by rapid climate change from 1976–2015, air temperature stations exhibited below-average warming rates at high elevations while stream discharge declined at above average rates. Between climatically extreme years that involved summer air temperature increases >5 °C and discharge declines >70%, temperatures in high-elevation streams exhibited below average increases but otherwise showed negligible elevation dependence during intermediate climate years. In a subsequent example, it was demonstrated that elevation dependent stream warming has a minor effect on the amount of thermal habitat loss relative to the average water temperature increase within a mountain river network. We conclude that predictions of above average warming effects on headwater organisms for this region may be overly pessimistic and discuss reasons why different types of temperature models make divergent forecasts. Several research areas warrant greater attention, including descriptions of elevation-dependent patterns in other regions for comparative purposes, examination of long-term stream temperature records to understand how sensitivity to climate forcing may be evolving, use of new data sources to better represent key processes in temperature models across broad areas, and development of hybrid models that integrate the best attributes of mechanistic and statistical approaches.","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44221782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary: Towards a new era of environmental prediction in Canada","authors":"M. Clark, A. Pietroniro, R. Sandford","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2023.2173658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2023.2173658","url":null,"abstract":"Martyn P. Clark, Alain Pietroniro and Robert W. Sandford University of Saskatchewan Coldwater Laboratory, Canmore, Alberta, Canada; Department of Geography and Planning, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Schulich School of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institute for Water, Environment and Health, United Nations University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45133570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and temporal variability of the solar radiation heat flux in streams of a forested catchment","authors":"A. Maheu, D. Caissie","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2023.2167609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2023.2167609","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Solar radiation is generally the largest contributing flux to the heat budget of streams and its estimation is crucial to predict stream water temperature with process-based models. The objective of this research is to quantify the spatial (between-site comparison of different stream sizes, within-site comparison at the reach scale) and temporal (seasonal, daily and hourly scales) variability in the transmission coefficient, which represents the proportion of incoming solar radiation reaching streams. We measured solar radiation at an open site with a meteorological station and at microclimate sites located in three streams of various sizes in the Miramichi River basin (Canada). During the summer, the percentage of incoming daily solar radiation reaching a stream varied from 8% in a small headwater stream (Trib) to 43% in a medium-sized stream (CatBk) and was close to 100% in a wide river (LSWM). We observed the largest variability between transmission coefficients for different stream sizes (range of variation = 92%) due to very different canopy closures, followed by variability at the reach scale between lateral positions (range = 21% between left and right banks) and between longitudinal positions (range = 11% between upstream and downstream sites), as measured at the medium-sized stream. Temporal variability was greatest at the seasonal scale where the transmission coefficient varied by 23% between May and September at the small headwater stream. The hourly variability of the transmission coefficient (i.e. associated with different solar angles) surpassed daily variability (i.e. associated with different cloud cover conditions), with coefficients of variation computed at the hourly time scale three to five times greater than at the daily time scale. Overall, this research offers insight regarding the handling of spatial and temporal variability of solar radiation which should provide further insight to improve process-based stream temperature models.","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49397765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of automated geoprocessing methods for culvert detection in remote Forest environments","authors":"Francis Lessard, S. Jutras, N. Perreault, E. Guilbert","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2022.2160660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2022.2160660","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Greater availability of digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) has made it possible to map precisely hydrographic features such as streams over large watersheds. Road embankments are precisely detected, given that DEMs are especially accurate over open areas, while culverts are not. Consequently, mapped stream positions are often erroneous along and through these anthropogenic structures. The position of actual culverts is often imprecise, incomplete or unavailable for large territories; thus, there is a need to develop and evaluate automated methods to locate culvert positions by remote sensing. Six geoprocessing methods were tested and compared to field-based culvert positioning data gathered in forested areas. These methods rely on preprocessing of depressions, manipulation of road embankment elevation, or both. When exact locations of culverts were unknown, the ‘Breach Depressions’ algorithm (WhiteBox GAT) was most accurate in reducing omission and commission errors. Depending upon the expected stream flow regime, it was possible to reduce cumulative error from 10% to 30% by using this method compared to less effective methods. When exact locations of culverts were known, it was possible to reduce cumulative error from 20% to 45% by burning them into the DEM. Comparisons of two different methods revealed that no automated geoprocessing allowed accurate detection of poorly located culverts, i.e. where small streams deviated into road-side ditches. Despite automated geoprocessing methods that are available, a database geolocating all culverts within a territory is the best way to create exact hydrographic networks without road embankment influence.","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44388301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the evolution of ensemble water temperature forecasts as a function of weather forecast lead-time: case study on the Nechako River watershed","authors":"Paul Charles, R. Arsenault, J. Martel, P. Gatien, A. St‐Hilaire","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2022.2163189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2022.2163189","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Producing and improving hydrological and hydrodynamic forecasts while accounting for uncertainty through a probabilistic approach is useful in various applications, such as for water temperature forecasting. To produce such ensembles, probabilistic meteorological forecasts can be fed into hydrological and water temperature models for different lead-times. This study aims to gauge the impact of the meteorological forecast quality on the accuracy and reliability of water temperature forecast ensembles generated through the HEC-RAS process-based hydrothermal model. The Nechako River, a managed river system in British Columbia, Canada, is used in this case study. The thermal forecasts were generated and evaluated from 2017 to 2020. The tested hypothesis is that improvements in the meteorological forecasts would result in reducing the uncertainty and improving the accuracy of the water temperature forecast ensembles at various lead-times. The results of this study show that the thermal forecasts were indeed improved in terms of their sharpness and their individual accuracy, but no significant impacts were noted over the accuracy of the ensembles. Reliability was also investigated, and it was revealed that water temperature forecast ensembles were initially under-dispersed over the Nechako River, and that this issue was exacerbated when the HEC-RAS model was forced with better quality ensemble weather forecasts. The presence of lakes along the river and the meteorological forecast’s reliability are considered and discussed as causes for this issue. Overall, it was concluded that a reduction of the meteorological inputs’ uncertainty did not improve the uncertainty representation of water temperature forecasts for this system.","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47943699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing climate change impacts on North American freshwater habitat of wild Atlantic salmon - urgent needs for collaborative research","authors":"C. Gillis, V. Ouellet, C. Breau, D. Frechette, N. Bergeron","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2022.2163190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2022.2163190","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Climate change and human activities have dramatically affected all ecosystems inhabited by Atlantic salmon, causing drastic population declines. Change in river temperature dynamics (e.g. daily variability, frequency, and duration of summer maximum, warmer thermal regimes) is of special concern as it impacts growth rates, reproductive success, prey abundance and phenology, timing of migration, and ultimately survival. The Atlantic Salmon Research Joint Venture held a workshop to address the effects of climate change on freshwater habitats of Atlantic salmon and identify research gaps and priorities. Here we summarize the state of the science for three key themes identified by workshop participants: (1) Effects of climate change on in-river habitat conditions, (2) Physiological and behavioral responses of salmon to temperature, and (3) Population-level responses of salmon to climate change. The group highlighted the crucial importance of understanding and monitoring the links between river temperature dynamics and physiological requirements of Atlantic salmon across different life stages and habitat conditions, with a focus on freshwater life stages. Climate change will undoubtedly continue to affect instream habitats across all seasons and render challenging conditions for all freshwater Atlantic salmon life stages. Hence, we call for urgent interdisciplinary collaborations and partnerships among scientists and managers to address the pressing research gaps that require large-scale data integration across life cycle stages and ecosystems. More collaboration between scientists, managers, and interest groups is needed to ensure that fundamental science directly addresses the knowledge-action gap to enhance evidence-based decision-making and conservation. Climate change and anthropogenic activities are affecting Atlantic salmon habitat characteristics, leading to physiological and behavioral changes that determine both the individual and population level potential for adaptability. Although climate change affects all aspects of the Atlantic salmon life cycle and habitats across the watersheds-ocean continuum, this workshop focused on changes in thermal and hydrological river regimes.","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41774477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}