Chinese Geographical Science最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Maternal Pertussis Immunization on Infant Vaccine Responses to a Booster Pertussis-Containing Vaccine in Vietnam.","authors":"Kirsten Maertens, Thi Thu Ha Hoang, Trung Dac Nguyen, Raïssa Nadège Caboré, Thi Hong Duong, Kris Huygen, Niel Hens, Pierre Van Damme, Duc Anh Dang, Elke Leuridan","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciw551","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cid/ciw551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong> Maternal vaccination with an acellular pertussis (aP)-containing vaccine is a recommended strategy in a growing number of industrialized countries, to protect young infants from disease. Little is known on the effect of this strategy in low- and middle-income countries. Following a previous report on the effect of adding a pertussis and diphtheria component to the tetanus vaccination program in pregnant women in Vietnam, we report on infant immune responses to a booster aP vaccine dose in this randomized controlled clinical trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong> Thirty infants of Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis)-vaccinated pregnant women and 37 infants of women vaccinated with a tetanus-only vaccine received a fourth aP-containing vaccine dose in the second year of life. Blood was taken 1 month after the fourth infant dose. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), pertactin (Prn), tetanus toxoid (TT), and diphtheria toxoid (DT) were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> One month after the booster dose, significantly lower antibody titers were measured in the Tdap group for anti-TT IgG (P < .001) only. Anti-DT IgG, anti-PT IgG, anti-Prn IgG, and anti-FHA IgG antibody titers were comparable for both groups. A rise in antibody concentrations was elicited for all (except DT) antigens after boosting.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong> The present results indicate that the blunting of infant pertussis responses induced by maternal immunization, measured after a primary series of aP vaccines, was resolved with the booster aP vaccine dose. These results add to the evidence for national and international decision makers on maternal immunization as a vaccination strategy for protection of young infants against infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":55258,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Geographical Science","volume":"14 1","pages":"S197-S204"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5106623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74600147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibody Profiling in Naïve and Semi-immune Individuals Experimentally Challenged with Plasmodium vivax Sporozoites.","authors":"Myriam Arévalo-Herrera, Mary Lopez-Perez, Emmanuel Dotsey, Aarti Jain, Kelly Rubiano, Philip L Felgner, D Huw Davies, Sócrates Herrera","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0004563","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0004563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acquisition of malaria immunity in low transmission areas usually occurs after relatively few exposures to the parasite. A recent Plasmodium vivax experimental challenge trial in malaria naïve and semi-immune volunteers from Colombia showed that all naïve individuals developed malaria symptoms, whereas semi-immune subjects were asymptomatic or displayed attenuated symptoms. Sera from these individuals were analyzed by protein microarray to identify antibodies associated with clinical protection.</p><p><strong>Methodology/principal findings: </strong>Serum samples from naïve (n = 7) and semi-immune (n = 9) volunteers exposed to P. vivax sporozoite-infected mosquito bites were probed against a custom protein microarray displaying 515 P. vivax antigens. The array revealed higher serological responses in semi-immune individuals before the challenge, although malaria naïve individuals also had pre-existing antibodies, which were higher in Colombians than US adults (control group). In both experimental groups the response to the P. vivax challenge peaked at day 45 and returned to near baseline at day 145. Additional analysis indicated that semi-immune volunteers without fever displayed a lower response to the challenge, but recognized new antigens afterwards.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinical protection against experimental challenge in volunteers with previous P. vivax exposure was associated with elevated pre-existing antibodies, an attenuated serological response to the challenge and reactivity to new antigens.</p>","PeriodicalId":55258,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Geographical Science","volume":"32 1","pages":"e0004563"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2016-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4807786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66820055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of alpha-1 adrenergic blockers in children with distal ureterolithiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"F P Glina, P M V Castro, G G R Monteiro, G C Del Guerra, Sidney Glina, M Mazzurana, W M Bernardo","doi":"10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2015.0048","DOIUrl":"10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2015.0048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Urinary lithiasis is the main urologic cause of emergency treatment in adult patient. In the past years, the incidence in children population has increased. However, literature about the use of alpha-1 adrenergic blockers in pediatric population with distal ureterolithiasis is still scarce. The drug acts by decreasing ureter contractions, especially in the distal portion, facilitating calculus expulsion.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review has the objective to evaluate the use of alpha-1 adrenergic blockers as medical expulsive treatment in children with distal ureterolithiasis.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>An electronic literature search was performed using the MEDLINE, COCHRANE, and LILACS databases. We further searched manually the references of the primary studies. Searches were concluded on October 4th, 2014. Articles were selected, independently and in pairs, by the respective titles and summaries. Any divergence was resolved by consensus.</p><p><strong>Evidence synthesis: </strong>Alpha-1 adrenergic antagonists increased the probability of calculus expulsion by 27% (NNT=4). Calculi smaller than 5mm, increased by 33% (NNT=3). Larger than 5mm, increased by 34% (NNT=3).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Alpha-1 adrenergic blocker use is related with a greater incidence of expulsion of ureteral calculi, smaller or greater than 5mm, and fewer episodes of pain when compared to ibuprofen. However it is necessary larger samples to enhance the power analysis of the expulsion of ureteral calculi larger than 5mm and the episodes of pain.</p><p><strong>Patient summary: </strong>This review analyzed the outcome of alpha adrenergic antagonist in children with ureteral calculi. We conclude that it is the best medicine for use, since it helps the expulsion of the stone.</p>","PeriodicalId":55258,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Geographical Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"1049-57"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4756929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83347977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of extreme temperature event and its response to regional warming in Northwest China in past 45 years","authors":"Jinhu Yang, C. Ren, Zhihong Jiang","doi":"10.1109/ICBBE.2008.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICBBE.2008.307","url":null,"abstract":"Using the daily maximum and minimum temperature dataset from 128 stations from 1960 to 2004 in Northwest China, daily extreme high temperature (EHT) and extreme low temperature (ELT) thresholds were determined by centesimal method for different stations at first, then yearly EHT and ELT events were counted up in different stations, and the characteristics of their spatio-temporal distribution were diagnosed at last. The study drew following conclusions: 1) The consistent anomaly distribution characteristic was the most important mode of the EHT and ELT events in Northwest China. 2) The spatial distribution of the EHT and ELT events can be divided into five sub-regions, namely, the north of Qinghai and west of Gansu, the north of Xinjiang, the south of Xinjiang, the east of Northwest China and the south of Qinghai. 3) The EHT events showed remarkable increasing trend in all of five sub-regions, but only in the north of Qinghai and west of Gansu area, sudden change phenomenon occurred; the ELT events showed decreasing trend in all of five sub-regions, and sudden change phenomenon occurred in Northwest China except for south of Qinghai. 4) In all of five sub-regions the EHT events showed remarkable 12–14yr period oscillation, and the ELT event showed significant 13–15yr and 7–8yr period oscillation. 5) The EHT and ELT events displayed remarkable positive and negative responses to regional warming of Northwest China respectively.","PeriodicalId":55258,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Geographical Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"70-76"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89014018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the migrant labour force of China in recent years--a case study of Nanhai City, Guangdong Province.","authors":"X Yan","doi":"10.1007/s11769-997-0068-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-997-0068-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"This paper, taking Nanhai City of Guangdong Province as an example, focuses on five interrelated aspects of the migrant labour force of China in recent years. Attention is initially paid to the background of the labour migration from inland towards coastal areas. Then, the demographic characteristics of the migrant labour force are analysed before turning to the analysis [of] the reasons for the migration. Fourthly, the impacts of the migrant workers on the socio-economic development of Nanhai City and the problems are examined. Finally, the prospects and some suggestions for... labour migration are put forward.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":55258,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Geographical Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"19-29"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11769-997-0068-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22020329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}