Conservation Genetics最新文献

{"title":"Monitoring genome-wide diversity over contemporary time with new indicators applied to Arctic charr populations","authors":"Atal Saha, Sara Kurland, Verena E. Kutschera, David Díez-del-Molino, Diana Ekman, Nils Ryman, Linda Laikre","doi":"10.1007/s10592-023-01586-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-023-01586-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Genetic diversity is fundamental to the adaptive potential and survival of species. Although its importance has long been recognized in science, it has a history of neglect within policy, until now. The new Global Biodiversity Framework recently adopted by the Convention on Biological Diversity, states that genetic diversity must be maintained at levels assuring adaptive potential of populations, and includes metrics for systematic monitoring of genetic diversity in so called indicators. Similarly, indicators for genetic diversity are being developed at national levels. Here, we apply new indicators for Swedish national use to one of the northernmost salmonid fishes, the Arctic charr (<i>Salvelinus alpinus</i>). We sequence whole genomes to monitor genetic diversity over four decades in three landlocked populations inhabiting protected alpine lakes in central Sweden. We find levels of genetic diversity, inbreeding and load to differ among lakes but remain stable over time. Effective population sizes are generally small (&lt; 500), suggesting a limited ability to maintain adaptive variability if genetic exchange with nearby populations became eliminated. We identify genomic regions potentially shaped by selection; SNPs exhibiting population divergence exceeding expectations under drift and a putative selective sweep acting within one lake to which the competitive brown trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i>) was introduced during the sampling period. Identified genes appear involved in immunity and salinity tolerance. Present results suggest that genetically vulnerable populations of Arctic charr have maintained neutral and putatively adaptive genetic diversity despite small effective sizes, attesting the importance of continued protection and assurance of gene flow among populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":55212,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Genetics","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139506120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using genomic data to estimate population structure of Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) populations in Southern Alabama","authors":"Alexander R. Krohn, Brian Folt, Joseph J. Apodaca, Craig Guyer, Jeffrey M. Goessling","doi":"10.1007/s10592-024-01601-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-024-01601-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the North American longleaf pine (<i>Pinus palustris</i>) ecosystem, the Gopher Tortoise (<i>Gopherus polyphemus</i>) is a keystone species that has declined significantly over the last century. Habitat degradation and fragmentation may have caused <i>G. polyphemus</i> to become separated into small, isolated local populations that suffer from decreased genetic diversity or inbreeding depression. Here we use genome-scale methods to sequence thousands of loci for 336 <i>G. polyphemus</i> individuals from 11 sites across southern Alabama to estimate population genetic structure and levels of genetic diversity. We found a pattern of isolation by distance among samples, where geographic distance predicted genetic difference. Principal components and structure analyses supported the existence of three weak genetic populations comprising individuals from (1) Fred T. Stimpson State Game Sanctuary and Perdido Wildlife Management Area, (2) Conecuh National Forest and Solon Dixon Forestry Education Center, and (3) Geneva State Forest Wildlife Management Area. We did not observe strong variation in genetic diversity or effective population size metrics among sampling locations or genetic populations identified by population structure analyses. Our results suggest that <i>G. polyphemus</i> historically operated on larger geographic scales than those considered by contemporary mark-recapture studies. Absence of variation in population genetic metrics suggests that either effects of fragmentation have not manifested themselves, or that the effects are similar across all locations. Given the common use of translocations in Gopher Tortoise management, we provide a framework for tortoise translocations based on our genomic data.</p>","PeriodicalId":55212,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Genetics","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139510173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using recent genetic history to inform conservation options of two Lesser Caymans iguana (Cyclura nubila caymanensis) populations","authors":"Thea F. Rogers, Ewan H. Stenhouse, Hannah Wilson, Morgan Pendaries, Michael W. Bruford, Matthias Goetz, Pablo Orozco-terWengel","doi":"10.1007/s10592-023-01598-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-023-01598-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Sister Islands rock iguana (<i>Cyclura nubila caymanensis</i>) is critically endangered and endemic to the Caribbean islands Little Cayman and Cayman Brac. The Cayman Brac population and indeed the entire species is under threat from habitat destruction, invasive species, and anthropogenic impacts on the island. We assessed the genetic diversity, estimated effective population sizes, and tested for differentiation of populations between these two islands to inform potential future translocation should this be needed for the Cayman Brac population. Two mitochondrial DNA markers (cytochrome b and NADH subunit 4) and seven DNA microsatellite markers were used to assess the genetic diversity, genetic structure, demographic history, and effective population size of the two iguana populations. Mitochondrial DNA showed no genetic differentiation between populations; however, we found little to moderate divergence with microsatellites. We compared multiple demographic scenarios and revealed that ongoing gene flow is likely. The demographic history implied a significant genetic bottleneck around 10,000 years ago, coinciding with the sea level rise at the close of the last glacial period, and the start of the Holocene. Estimates of current effective population sizes indicate a small-scale number of breeders on each island of similar magnitude to the census mature population size (between 100 and 800 individuals). The relatively low differentiation between populations supports the possible development of active genetic management plans to manage the declining populations of the Sister Islands rock iguana.</p>","PeriodicalId":55212,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Genetics","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139499911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross ocean-basin population genetic dynamics in a pelagic top predator of high conservation concern, the oceanic whitetip shark, Carcharhinus longimanus","authors":"Cassandra L. Ruck, Mahmood S. Shivji, Rima W. Jabado, Andrea M. Bernard","doi":"10.1007/s10592-023-01596-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-023-01596-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The oceanic whitetip shark, <i>Carcharhinus longimanus</i>, is a Critically Endangered, circumtropical, and highly migratory, pelagic shark. Yet, little information exists on its population genetic dynamics to guide conservation management practice. We present a first worldwide, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA assessment of the population genetic status of this imperiled species based on sequences of the complete mitochondrial control region (<i>n</i> = 173) and partial ND4 gene (<i>n</i> = 172), and genotypes from 12 nuclear microsatellites (<i>n</i> = 164). Statistically significant mitochondrial and nuclear DNA population genetic differentiation was detected across all marker datasets between Western Atlantic and Indo-Pacific oceanic whitetip sharks. Additionally, our data, combined with previously published, partial (701-base pairs) mitochondrial control region sequences from additional locations in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, confirmed significant matrilineal population structure between the Western and Eastern Atlantic. The combined data also provisionally (i.e., with <i>F</i>_ST but not <i>Φ</i>_ST) indicated differentiation between Western North and Central-South Atlantic sharks, pointing to the need for further assessment in this region. Matrilineal differentiation was also detected between Indian and Pacific Ocean sharks via pairwise analyses, albeit with the ND4 gene sequence only (<i>Φ</i>_ST = 0.051; <i>F</i>_ST = 0.092). Limited sampling in the Pacific leaves open questions about the connectivity dynamics in this large region. Despite the presence of geographic population genetic structure, the mitochondrial data showed no evidence of across ocean basin phylogeographic lineages. A provisional assessment of mitochondrial and nuclear genetic diversity indicated the oceanic whitetip shark’s status falls in the middle to upper ranges compared to other shark species, potentially lending some optimism for the present adaptability and resiliency of this species if strong conservation measures are effectively implemented.</p>","PeriodicalId":55212,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Genetics","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139458999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population genetic structure of Morelet’s and American crocodiles in Belize: hybridization, connectivity and conservation","authors":"Clare J. Wilkie, Marisa Tellez, Gareth Jones, Martin J. Genner","doi":"10.1007/s10592-023-01590-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-023-01590-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hybridization can influence the evolutionary potential of wild species and can be especially detrimental where one species is abundant, and the other much rarer. In Belize, the Morelet’s crocodile (<i>Crocodylus moreletii</i>) primarily inhabits inland freshwater lagoons, lakes and rivers, whereas the less abundant American crocodile (<i>Crocodylus acutus</i>) is more prevalent among the offshore cayes and atolls. Both species are historically sympatric along the brackish coastline, but it is unclear if admixture between the two is affecting genetic integrity of the species. We investigated the extent of interspecific hybridization across Belize using genomic variants identified using double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq). Five groups of genetically pure <i>C. moreletii</i> were identified, two of which were inland, including the protected Chiquibul National Park. Two groups of genetically pure <i>C. acutus</i> were identified, one on northern offshore islands, and a second along the southern coastline. Hybrids were only identified along the central-southern coastline and were in close geographic proximity to coastal purebreds. Based on these results, we suggest that the central-southern coastline represents a hybrid zone, while the inland areas and offshore islands that harbour only genetically pure populations may benefit from conservation prioritisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55212,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Genetics","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139408292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating genomics into the genetic management of the endangered mountain yellow-legged frog","authors":"Cynthia C. Steiner, Leah Jacobs, Emma Choi, Jamie Ivy, Aryn Wilder, Natalie E. Calatayud, Debra M. Shier","doi":"10.1007/s10592-023-01594-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-023-01594-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conservation breeding programs have long been an important management tool for species recovery. Recently, breeding programs have begun to integrate next generation sequencing data into pedigree-based management strategies designed to maximize retention of genetic diversity and minimize inbreeding. In 2005, an ex situ breeding program for two of the three extant, geographically separate populations of the endangered southern mountain yellow-legged frog (<i>Rana muscosa</i>) was established at the San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance. To provide improved breeding recommendations for the species, we conducted molecular population genetic assessments using double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing data<u>.</u> We first studied genetic diversity, population differentiation, and genetic structure of wild frogs to validate the status of management units in <i>R. muscosa</i>. Genetic diversity was relatively low (H_O = 0.166–0.245), population differentiation moderate (F_ST = 0.29), and patterns of genetic structure and admixture supported the evolutionary divergence of frogs by mountain ranges with limited gene flow. In the breeding program, relatedness estimates identified close relatives amongst the founders, and molecularly-derived kinship values were used to determine and rank suitable breeders to minimize population mean kinship. Ex situ management recommendations highlight the need for importing additional founders from the wild to enhance genetic diversity in the breeding program, as an effective source for genetic restoration. Alternatively, the use of advanced reproductive technologies to capture wild diversity without removal of individuals from the wild seem promising.</p>","PeriodicalId":55212,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Genetics","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139408251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population structure and history of North Atlantic Blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus musculus) inferred from whole genome sequence analysis","authors":"Sushma Jossey, Oliver Haddrath, Livia Loureiro, Jason T. Weir, Burton K. Lim, Jacqueline Miller, Stephen W. Scherer, Anders Goksøyr, Roger Lille-Langøy, Kit M. Kovacs, Christian Lydersen, Heli Routti, Mark D. Engstrom","doi":"10.1007/s10592-023-01584-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-023-01584-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Knowledge of genetic diversity and structure is essential for developing conservation strategies for endangered species. Blue whales were hunted to near extinction in the mid-twentieth century. Not-withstanding almost 380,000 animals killed globally, much remains unknown about their population structure and migration patterns. Herein, we use whole genome sequencing to elucidate the poorly understood population genetics of North Atlantic (NA) blue whales. We generated a <i>de novo</i> genome assembly for a NA blue whale to analyze 19 other whole genomic sequences and 31 complete mitochondrial genomes. Present-day and historical samples (earliest from 1876) from the Atlantic and Antarctic Oceans were included to understand the impact of whaling on the genetic diversity of this species. We found low but statistically significant population structuring and high genetic diversity. Demographic modeling using fastsimcoal2 rejected an absence of gene flow between eastern and western NA blue whales and suggested an asymmetric west to east gene flow. Introgression estimated using D-statistics between blue and fin whales (<i>Balaenoptera physalus</i>), was observed in all present-day samples. This gene flow was found to be unidirectional from fin whales to blue whales and accounts for ~ 3.5% of the NA blue whale’s genome. Our sequencing and population structure analyses provide a genomic baseline to inform ongoing conservation strategies for this iconic species.</p>","PeriodicalId":55212,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Genetics","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139373394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population genomics of the ‘rediscovered’ threatened New Zealand storm petrel (Fregetta maoriana) support a single breeding colony","authors":"Anika N. Correll Trnka, Chris P. Gaskin, Matt J. Rayner, Brent Stephenson, Fiona Robertson, Bruce C. Robertson, Anna W. Santure","doi":"10.1007/s10592-023-01597-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-023-01597-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The New Zealand storm petrel (NZSP; <i>Fregetta maoriana</i>), thought to be extinct for over 150 years, was rediscovered in 2003. In 2013, a single NZSP breeding population was identified on Te Hauturu-o-Toi (Little Barrier Island) in the Hauraki Gulf off the east coast of Aotearoa New Zealand’s North Island. Expeditions in 2021 to the Far North of New Zealand identified numerous NZSP at-sea over 300 km from Te Hauturu-o-Toi, suggesting that another breeding colony may exist. Blood samples collected from NZSP in the Hauraki Gulf and the Far North were used to generate genomic data. These data were analysed to investigate if individuals from the Far North are genetically differentiated from NZSP from the Hauraki Gulf, and if any individuals from the two locations are close relatives. Analyses revealed that NZSP from the Far North and Hauraki Gulf are not genetically distinct, and possible second-degree relatives were identified between the locations. Genetic diversity estimates indicated low population diversity levels and low effective population size estimates. These results suggest that Te Hauturu-o-Toi may be the only NZSP breeding colony, and the Far North represents a foraging location for NZSP. Sex bias fluctuates through the year but is similar in the two locations, also supporting a lack of population structure and indicating little foraging location bias between the sexes. Further research is needed to confirm whether highly connected or recently established colonies exist. These results highlight the extinction risk for NZSP and the importance of conservation efforts on Te Hauturu-o-Toi.</p>","PeriodicalId":55212,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Genetics","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138681535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clonal distribution and spatial genetic structure of the reef-building coral Galaxea fascicularis","authors":"Yuichi Nakajima, Patricia H. Wepfer, Satoshi Mitarai","doi":"10.1007/s10592-023-01591-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-023-01591-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Genotypic distributions affect the persistence of coral populations, and mapping these distributions is important for population management. Many studies have examined genetic connectivity among sites, but within-site spatial genotypic patterns based on clonal distribution and kinship are poorly understood. Such patterns are an important index for understanding the potential for population recovery at small spatial scales. Here, we studied within-reef spatial genotypic distributions and clonality of a broadcast-spawning coral, <i>Galaxea fascicularis</i>, by using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and 15 nuclear microsatellite markers. Specimens were collected at shallow reefs (&lt; 3 m) at four sites in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Among 289 colonies analyzed, we detected two common mtDNA types (mt-L, 174 colonies; mt-S, 113 colonies) and one rare type (mt-L + , 2 colonies). The proportion of duplicate clonal colonies differed across sites and reef topographies; the maximum distance between clonemates was approximately 120 m. Pairwise kinship among colonies tended to decrease with distance at the ramet level (i.e., including clonal replicates), but not at the genet level. Ramet-level kinship varied among sites rather than between mtDNA types. Genet-level kinship (i.e., excluding clonal replicates) was similar among sites. These results for clonality and kinship suggest that both sexual and asexual reproduction contribute to population recovery after disturbances and maintain genetic diversity in local populations. However, the extent of sexual and asexual reproduction differs across sites. Our results will contribute to more effective management of marine reserves by emphasizing the importance of clonal distributions and genetic kinship at each reef site.</p>","PeriodicalId":55212,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Genetics","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138631497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation genomics of an endangered floodplain dragonfly, Sympetrum pedemontanum elatum (Selys), in Japan","authors":"Wataru Higashikawa, Mayumi Yoshimura, Atsushi J. Nagano, Kaoru Maeto","doi":"10.1007/s10592-023-01595-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-023-01595-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Except for fish whose migration is barriered by weirs and dams, there have been inadequate investigation on the population genetic structure of endangered animal species depending on riverside pools connecting to river channels (called “<i>wando</i>” in Japanese) in floodplains. We focused on the endangered floodplain dragonfly, <i>Sympetrum pedemontanum elatum,</i> which is known to live in the riverside pools during its larval stage and migrate only several kilometers by flight during adulthood. The population genetic structure in and around the central region of Japan was analyzed using approximately 20,000 SNPs obtained using double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq). Our results revealed small genetic differences over a wide area (global <i>Fst</i> &lt; 0.05). However, a few genetically unique populations that might be associated with paleo-basins segregated during ancient tectonic events were detected. These populations are considered to be important conservation units. We also found a very weak gene flow among the studied populations, implying that population isolation occurs widely. While recent migrations were scarce, and detected within a direct distance of approximately 5 km, there were also some cases without migration, even at shorter distances. Genetic diversity was positively correlated with the amount of grassland within a 1 km buffer, suggesting that the preservation of grasslands surrounding aquatic habitats enhances the immigration and colonization of adult dragonflies of this endangered species. Understanding the effects of historical tectonism and terrestrial environments on the genetic diversity of semi-aquatic organisms, such as insects and amphibians, is crucial for the conservation of floodplain habitat connectivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":55212,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Genetics","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138562394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}