Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro最新文献

{"title":"EVALUATIÓN OF THE CONDENSATION POTENTIAL OF HYDROCARBON FLUIDS IN THE NATIONAL GAS PIPELINE SYSTEM: ESTABLISHING OF ADEQUATE OPERATIONAL SCHEMES","authors":"César Augusto Pineda Gómez, Oscar Armando Arenas Mantilla, Nicolás Santos Santos","doi":"10.29047/01225383.486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.486","url":null,"abstract":"For transporting industry of natural gas by pipeline systems, it’s vital to guarantee the integrity of their lines, in order to decrease operational costs and prevent accidents that may damaging against people’s safety, the environment or the infrastructure itself. In this paper it’s presented the principal compounds from a technical study about principal net and its distribution branches to municipalities of the National System Transport of Natural Gas operated by the Colombian Natural Gas Company – Ecogas, (specifically the Cusiana - Porvenir – La Belleza, La Belleza - Cogua, La Belleza – Vasconia, Vasconia - Neiva and Vasconia - Cali gas lines, see Figure 1). The principal objective is evaluate the possible condensation of hydrocarbons fluids inside gas lines, due to compositional characteristics of the gas, the different topographical conditions along the gas line route and the actual and future operational conditions to be implemented in the system. The evaluation performed over this gas streams, generates transcendental information in the creation of safe operational limits that minimizing the existence of obstacle problems and damages over pipeline systems and process equipment, due to the presence of liquid hydrocarbons inside these flow lines.  This article has been prepared in four sections in order to guarantee easy access to each one of the steeps involved in the study. Section one presents the compositional and thermodynamic analysis of feeding gas streams; in section two, its presented the required information for modeling gas lines with definition of the gas pipeline numerical simulation model in stable state; section three presents the sensitivity analysis for gas variation upon loading gas composition at the inlet point of the system, variation of the operational conditions (flow, pressure and gas temperature) and environment temperatures for the different inlet points (branches) with verification of compliance of the Unique Transport Regulation (Reglamento Único de Transporte – RUT) established by CREG (CREG, 1999); section four presents the recommended set up of adequate work schemes required to guarantee the non-existence of hydrocarbon fluid due condensation in the evaluated system.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"70 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72587335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DETAILED CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PETROLEUM MIDDLE FRACTIONS BY CHEMOMETRICS ANALYSIS OF THEIR ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM","authors":"Carlos A. Baldrich Ferrer, Luz Ángela Novoa Mantilla","doi":"10.29047/01225383.485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.485","url":null,"abstract":"Chemometric analysis has been applied in this work to correlate ultraviolet spectra of middle distillates and vacuum gas oils with hydrocarbon type analytical data obtained by high resolution mass spectrometry.  The use of this methodology reduces the costs of chemical characterization of these types of petroleum fractions and may be applied to the characterization of diesel fuels and gas oils that are processed in fluid catalytic cracking or hydrotreating units.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86729693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATION OF GENERIC INHIBITORS BEHAVIOR FORMULTIPHASE SYSTEMS (STEEL-BRINE-CO2/H2S) BYUSING ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES","authors":"Darío Yesid Peña B, Custodio Vásquez Q., Adriana Forero B","doi":"10.29047/01225383.484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.484","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main ways to inhibit the corrosion is the adsorption of organic compounds on the surface of a metal. This study reports the behavior of six different organic inhibitors in a system carbon steel AISI-SAE1020/brine 3%w of NaCl/ gas mixture of 6% volume of CO2/10 ppm of H2S/ hydrocarbon. Two primary amines with sixteen and eighteen atoms of carbon were used, a secondary amine with twenty atoms and three carboxylic acids of sixteen, eighteen and twenty carbon atoms.  Linear polarization resistance measurements were used, along with Tafel extrapolation and electrochemical impedances to assess the influence of temperature, velocity of fluid, inhibitor concentration and concentration of oleic phase on the inhibition efficiency in the Electrode of Rotational Cylinder, ECR.  Activation and adsorption energies were calculated for the processes of corrosion in the system; according to the values derived, it was possible to define the system brine/CO2/H2S/ inhibitor, as a process with mixed control, where the phenomenon of mass transfer and that of charge transfer are in competition and the values obtained for the energy of adsorption of Gibbs, allowed checking that these compounds showed a chemical adsorption on the metallic surface. Under critical testing conditions (4 m/s, 59ºC or 332,15K) the amines present a better efficiency than carboxylic acids, thus complying with the electro-negativity theory applied to inhibitors. It was then possible to establish by the results obtained for the with hydrocarbon cuts tests, that this parameter adversely affects the percentage efficiency of the inhibitor.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75645330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A COMPLEMENTARY CONVENTIONAL ANALYSIS FOR CHANNELIZED RESERVOIRS","authors":"F. Escobar, Matilde Montealegre-M.","doi":"10.29047/01225383.482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.482","url":null,"abstract":"Many well pressure data coming from long and narrow reservoirs which result from either fluvial deposition of faulting cannot be completely interpreted by conventional analysis since some flow regimes are not conventionally recognized yet in the oil literature. This narrow geometry allows for the simultaneous development of two linear flow regimes coming from each one of the lateral sides of the system towards the well. This has been called dual linear flow regime. If the well is off-centered with regards to the two lateral boundaries, then, one of the linear flow regimes vanishes and, then, two possibilities can be presented. Firstly, if the closer lateral boundary is close to flow the unique linear flow persists along the longer lateral boundary. It has been called single linear flow. Following this, either steady or pseudosteady states will develop. Secondly, if a constant-pressure closer lateral boundary is dealt with, then parabolic flow develops along the longer lateral boundary. Steady state has to be developed once the disturbance reaches the farther boundary. This study presents new equations for conventional analysis for the dual linear, linear and parabolic flow regimes recently introduced to the oil literature. The equations were validated by applying them to field and simulated examples.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"134 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72404551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GEOMECHANICAL WELLBORE STABILITY MODELING OF EXPLORATORY WELLS – STUDY CASE AT MIDDLE MAGDALENA BASIN","authors":"J. M. Jiménez, Luz-Carime Valera Lara, Alexander Rueda, Néstor Fernando Saavedra Trujillo","doi":"10.29047/01225383.477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.477","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the geomechanical wellbore stability model of an exploratory well sited at Middle Magdalena Basin (MMB), which is based on the validity of linear elastic deformational theory for porous media; the use of correlations and field tools such as well and image logs to indirect determination of mechanical properties and stress state. Additionally, it is shown the model calibration and validation using drilling events which occurred at other previously drilled wells in the study area, at the exploratory well itself and experimentally evaluated mechanical properties on outcrop and core samples from the basin formations. This application allowed the Instituto Colombiano del Petróleo (ICP) at Ecopetrol S.A. to formally perform the geomechanical modeling of Colombian formations and to accomplish a complete and appropriate methodology to do so; such methodology has been standardized as part of the drilling support process at Ecopetrol S.A., supplying the possibility for taking decisions that contribute to reduce drilling costs and risks during operations.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79554962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A MODIFIED APPROACH TO PREDICT PORE PRESSURE USING THE D EXPONENT METHOD: AN EXAMPLE FROM THE CARBONERA FORMATION, COLOMBIA","authors":"Yully P. Solano, R. Uribe, M. Frydman, N. Saavedra, Z. Calderón","doi":"10.29047/01225383.479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.479","url":null,"abstract":"The methodology for pore pressure prediction known as D exponent is a function of an exponent of adjustment that was originally defined for the Gulf of Mexico (Jorden & Shirley, 1966; Eaton, 1972).  A limiting factor of this methodology is the definition of the Normal Compaction Trend (NCT), which needs to be interpreted from the data (Mouchet & Mitchell, 1989). In this study, the D exponent methodology was modified to make it applicable to the Oligocene Carbonera Formation in an oil field of the Llanos foothills, Colombia. The approach consisted of calculating the ratio between effective stress and the D exponent at each well, in order to find a robust NCT for the entire field, thus reducing subjectivity in the traditional D exponent methodology. Pore pressure determinations from Measured Direct Tests (MDT) at one well confirm the predictive capability of our approach.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81032084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PALEOCENE-MIDDLE MIOCENE FLEXURAL-MARGIN MIGRATION OF THE NONMARINE LLANOS FORELAND BASIN OF COLOMBIA","authors":"G. Bayona, C. Jaramillo, Milton Rueda, Andrés Reyes-Harker, V. Torres","doi":"10.29047/01225383.475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.475","url":null,"abstract":"A foreland basin is a dynamic system whose depositional systems migrate in response to changes in tectonic uplift patterns, sedimentary filling processes and isostatic rebound of the lithosphere. The Paleocene-middle Miocene foreland system of the Llanos foothills and Llanos basin of Colombia includes regional unconformities, abrupt changes in lithology/stacking patterns and flooding surfaces bounding reservoir and seal units. Here we integrate a systematic biostratigraphic study, stratal architecture and tectonic subsidence analyses, regional seismic profiles, and provenance data to define the diachronism of such surfaces and to document the direction of migration of foreland depozones.  In a flexurally-deformed basin, sandstone composition, rates of accommodation and sediment supply vary across and along the basin. We show how a coeval depositional profile in the Llanos foothills-Llanos foreland basin consists of litharenites interbedded with mudstones (seal rock, supplied from the orogenic front to the west) that correlate cratonward with organic-rich mudstones and coal (source rock), and to amalgamated fluvial-estuarine quartzarenites (reservoir rock, supplied from the craton to the east) adjacent to a subaerial forebulge (unconformity). This system migrated northward and eastward during the Paleocene, westward during the early-middle Eocene, and eastward during the Oligocene. In the lower-middle Miocene succession of the Llanos basin, identification of flooding events indicates a westward encroaching of a shallow-water lacustrine system that covered an eastward-directed fluvial-deltaic system. A similar process has been documented in other basins in Venezuela and Bolivia, indicating the regional extent of such flooding event may be related to the onset of Andean-scale mountain-building processes.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"79 18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82309561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CORRELATION DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN INDENTATION PARAMETERS AND UNAXIAL COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH FOR COLOMBIAN SANDSTONES","authors":"Júlio Eduardo Mateus, N. Saavedra, Z. Carrillo, D. Mateus","doi":"10.29047/01225383.481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.481","url":null,"abstract":"A new way to characterize the perforated formation strength has been implemented using the Indentation test. This test can be performed on irregular cuttings mounted in acrylic resins forming a disc. The test consists of applying load on each sample by means of a flat end indenter. A graph of the load applied VS penetration of the indenter is developed, and the modules of the test, denominated Indentation Modulus (IM) and Critical Transition Force (CTF) are obtained (Ringstad et al., 1998). Based on the success of previous studies we developed correlations between indentation and mechanical properties for some Colombian sandstones. These correlations were obtained using a set of 248 indentation tests and separate compression tests on parallel sandstone samples from the same depth. This analysis includes Barco Formation, Mirador Formation, and Tambor Formation. For the correlations, IM-UCS and CTF-UCS, the correlation coefficient are 0,81 and 0,70 respectively. The use of the correlation and the Indentation test is helpful for in-situ calibration of the geomechanical models since the indentation test can be performed in real time thus reducing costs and time associated with delayed conventional characterization.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89577500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THERMAL MATURITY HISTORY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION IN THE CATATUMBO BASIN, COLOMBIA","authors":"A. Rangel, R. Hernández","doi":"10.29047/01225383.473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.473","url":null,"abstract":"A thermal model integrated with an oil and gas geochemical study has been constructed for the Catatumbo Basin, Colombia to provide petroleum system data for hydrocarbon exploration.  The calibration of the thermal model with maturity data took into account a changing heat flow scheme which included a thermal increase towards the end of the Jurassic and another one in the Early Eocene, associated with rifting events.  Locally, active/generating source rocks are within the synclines axes. The hydrocarbon expulsion time for Cretaceous source rocks (Capacho and La Luna formations) started in the Upper Paleocene-Eocene, while for the Los Cuervos Formation the generation and expulsion started at 10 my. The petroleum expelled during the Paleocene-Miocene, were likely accumulated in structures formed since the end of the Cretaceous, while the younger structures that resulted from the Andean orogen were charged by remigration from the older structures and additionally with the yougest lately generated hydrocarbons. The accumulations of hydrocarbons are mainly the result of generation and migration locally within the basin.  The Catatumbo basin contains thermogenic wet gases with different degrees of thermal maturity which varies from around 1,0 to 2,5 equivalent Ro. The highest degree of thermal evolution according to maturity indicators and thermal modeling is in the southern area, which is prospective for wet gas. The central and northern area appears more prospective for oil with minor amounts of gas.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"163 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86329798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRESSURE AND PRESSURE DERIVATIVE ANALYSIS FOR VERTICAL GAS AND OIL WELLS IN STRESS SENSITIVE HOMOGENEOUS AND NATURALLY FRACTURED FORMATIONS WITHOUT TYPE-CURVE MATCHING","authors":"F. Escobar, José-Humberto Cantillo, Matilde Montealegre-M.","doi":"10.29047/01225383.476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.476","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, rock mechanics plays an important role in the oil industry. Effects of reservoir subsidence, compaction and dilation are being taken into account in modern reservoir management of complex systems. On the other hand, pressure well tests run in stress sensitive formations ought to be interpreted with non conventional techniques.  During the last three decades, several studies relating transient pressure analysis for characterization of stress sensitive reservoirs have been introduced in the literature. Some of them deal with type curves and/or automated history matching. However, due to the nature of the problem, it does not exist a definitive study focused on the adequate characterization of reservoirs which permeability changes as fluid withdrawal advances.  In this paper, the permeability modulus concept introduced by Pedrosa (1986) is taken as the starting basis. A great number of type curves were generated to study the behavior of the above mentioned formations under stress influence. It was found that permeability modulus, therefore permeability changes, can be correlated with the slope of the pressure derivative trend during the radial flow regime when the reservoir suffers compaction. It is also worth to mention that the time at which the minimum characteristic point of a naturally fractured formation (or the inflection point of a semilog plot) found on the pressure derivative plot is practically the same for formations without stress influence. This contributes to the extension of the TDS technique, Tiab (1993), so a new methodology to characterize this kind of reservoirs is proposed here. This was verified by the solution of synthetic problems.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75550459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}