{"title":"New approaches for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-low and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer.","authors":"Karissa Britten, Nicholas McAndrew","doi":"10.1097/GCO.0000000000000930","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GCO.0000000000000930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>In recent years, there has been a flurry of activity in the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer space. New, powerful drugs like trastuzumab deruxtecan have challenged our fundamental definition of what HER2 expression means as a predictive biomarker.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent approvals of multiple agents in the second line-metastatic setting have given patients access to a variety of new agents, but also raise questions with regard to optimal sequencing.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review will explore current issues with HER2 testing, recently approved drugs in the HER2+ and HER2 low spaces, as well as novel agents/combinations on the horizon.</p>","PeriodicalId":55194,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":"36 1","pages":"34-39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139089455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Management of postpartum perineal wound complications.","authors":"Jaber Saad, Caitlyn Painter","doi":"10.1097/GCO.0000000000000906","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GCO.0000000000000906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Perineal wound complications occur in up to 25% of postpartum patients. Wound complications are most common after obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) but can occur after any laceration. It is imperative that any provider caring for postpartum patients understand the best evidence-based practices to recognize and manage these complications. We present a review of the available literature on the management of postpartum perineal wound complications.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>There is a paucity of new publications on the management of postpartum perineal wound complications, despite an increased emphasis on postpartum recovery in women's health. The role of topical estrogen in healing of perineal wounds was investigated in a pilot study, demonstrating that granulation tissue does express estrogen receptors, and the use of estrogen increases cell proliferation. Progression of perineal wound healing by secondary intention was evaluated in an observational study. Wound healing was delayed in 30% of women, with the initial wound area, perimeter, bacterial colonization, and OASIS being associated with delayed healing.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Evidence based practices on timing of follow-up, addressing wound care and analgesia, administrating antibiotics, timing secondary repair, and surgical technique all play a role in optimizing recovery and reducing morbidity in patients with postpartum perineal wound complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":55194,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":" ","pages":"505-509"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10320570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The evolving role of emergency medicine in family planning services.","authors":"Carl Preiksaitis, Andrea Henkel","doi":"10.1097/GCO.0000000000000908","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GCO.0000000000000908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The emergency department serves as an essential access point for a variety of healthcare services. This review will examine the recent expansion of family planning and reproductive health services in the emergency department.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>An increasing number of patients present to emergency departments for early pregnancy loss (EPL), abortion care, and contraceptive management. Availability of comprehensive EPL management varies dramatically, possibly due to lack of provider knowledge or training. Particularly in remote settings, educational interventions - such as providing information about medication management and training in uterine aspiration - may standardize this management. Restrictive abortion laws raise concerns for changing and increased patient presentations to the emergency department for complications related to unsafe or self-managed abortion. Emergency medicine providers should anticipate that more patients will present without a prior ultrasound confirming intrauterine pregnancy prior to initiating no-touch or self-managed abortions. Particularly among pediatric patients, there may be a role for contraceptive counseling during an emergency department visit. Novel strategies, including web-based interventions and emergency department-based curricula for contraceptive counseling, may help reach those who otherwise may not seek reproductive healthcare in a clinic setting.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The intersection of emergency medicine and reproductive healthcare is a promising frontier for providing immediate, patient-centered, family planning care. Continued research and provider education are necessary to refine these approaches, address disparities, and respond to the changing reproductive healthcare landscape.</p>","PeriodicalId":55194,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":" ","pages":"484-489"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10058521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Travel for abortion care: implications for clinical practice.","authors":"Klaira Lerma, Leah Coplon, Vinita Goyal","doi":"10.1097/GCO.0000000000000915","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GCO.0000000000000915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Traveling long distances to obtain abortion care due to restrictions and scarce availability is associated with significant obstacles. We review clinical strategies that can facilitate abortion access and outline considerations to ensure person-centered and equitable care.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Establishing a patient's gestational duration prior to travel may be beneficial to ensure they are eligible for their desired abortion method at the preferred facility or to determine if a multiday procedure is required. If a local ultrasound cannot be obtained prior to travel, evidence demonstrates people can generally estimate their gestational duration accurately. If unable to provide care, clinicians should make timely referrals for abortion. Integration of telemedicine into abortion care is safe and well regarded by patients and should be implemented into service delivery where possible to reduce obstacles to care. Routine in-person follow-up care is not necessary. However, for those who want reassurance, formalized pathways to care should be established to ensure people have access to care in their community. To further minimize travel-related burdens, facilities should routinely offer information about funding and practical support, emotional support, and legal resources.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>There are many opportunities to optimize clinical practice to support those traveling for abortion care.</p>","PeriodicalId":55194,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":"35 6","pages":"476-483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71429358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Management of missing intrauterine device strings and migrated intrauterine devices.","authors":"Stephanie I Amaya, Paul D Blumenthal","doi":"10.1097/GCO.0000000000000911","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GCO.0000000000000911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The purpose of this review is to review the recent literature with respect to the management of missing intrauterine device (IUD) strings. As IUD use has increased over time, it is important to review management options for this uncommon but possible complication.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>This article will cover stepwise approaches to management of missing IUD strings based on the most recent literature. Initial steps include obtaining history and using in office tools to reveal IUD strings. Subsequent steps focus on imaging guidelines including obtaining transvaginal ultrasound when available. Finally, IUD removal with tools for uterine instrumentation are discussed, focusing on using tools that do not require cervical dilation and allow for grasping of the device.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This paper details a stepwise approach to the management of missing IUD strings which, as discussed in the article, may become more frequent given the rise of IUD use in general and postpartum placement in specific.</p>","PeriodicalId":55194,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":" ","pages":"496-500"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10058522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mobile programs in family planning.","authors":"Simranvir Kaur, Eva Lathrop","doi":"10.1097/GCO.0000000000000909","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GCO.0000000000000909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Mobile health outreach programs are an alternative way to provide family planning services for rural populations or populations affected by conflict, outbreaks, or humanitarian crises. Here, we review the current literature about mobile health outreach programs in family planning.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Mobile health outreach programs are effective in delivering family planning services by increasing access to family planning services including expanding method choice, contributing to resilient healthcare models, and advancing reproductive justice.Mobile health outreach programs may be a reasonable, cost saving, person-centered alternative to delivering healthcare particularly when traditional systems are strained.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Mobile health outreach programs in family planning exist in the United States and globally. Current literature suggests that mobile and outreach programs are effective in increasing knowledge and access to family planning in part by expanding method choice. A mobile health outreach approach is a resilient model that is person-centered and lends itself well to empower patients to practice self-care. The findings and lessons learned may be helpful in guiding future mobile health outreach programs in family planning and other services conducive to an out of clinic model, particularly as a response to overburdened health systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":55194,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":" ","pages":"501-504"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10058524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation and management of urethral and periurethral masses in women.","authors":"Stephanie W Zuo, Gnankang Sarah Napoe","doi":"10.1097/GCO.0000000000000914","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GCO.0000000000000914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Female periurethral masses are an uncommon occurrence. The purpose of this review is to describe etiologies of female urethral and periurethral masses and to provide an update on diagnosis and management.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The most common causes of periurethral and urethral masses in women are urethral caruncles, urethral diverticula, and Skene's gland cysts. Urethral meatal lesions such as urethral caruncles and prolapse can be managed conservatively with topical estrogen therapy and close follow-up or should be excised in the setting of thrombosis, significant or recurrent bleeding, acute urinary retention, or persistent pain. Benign periurethral gland masses, such as Skene's gland cysts, Gartner's duct cysts, and Mullerian duct cysts, remain rare. Recent case series reveal a high rate of surgical management of these lesions with few complications. Urethral malignancy or malignant transformation of benign etiologies are even rarer but can be aggressive in nature and should be treated promptly.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Nonspecific urinary and vaginal symptoms as well as similar physical presentations make diagnosis of urethral and periurethral lesions in females difficult. Magnetic resonance imaging is useful for differentiation of periurethral masses. The decision for conservative or surgical management is typically guided by patient symptom bother, as well as concern for urethral malignancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":55194,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":" ","pages":"517-524"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10237837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Current opinion: postpartum urinary disorders.","authors":"Shirley M Dong, Lisa C Hickman","doi":"10.1097/GCO.0000000000000919","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GCO.0000000000000919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The aim of this study was to describe the common postpartum urinary sequelae including urinary retention and incontinence, and to summarize the management of these conditions.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Despite the high frequency of urinary disorders in obstetrics, screening and management protocols are rarely utilized by providers. Large variation exists in the literature regarding assessment of postpartum urinary retention, values of postvoid residuals and management of indwelling catheters in the immediate postpartum population. Recent expert guidance outlines a strategy for managing this condition.Research also highlights that screening for peripartum urinary incontinence is not a routine practice. The diagnosis is made more challenging by the fact that patients commonly understate and over-normalize their symptoms. Emerging studies have found that pelvic floor muscle training is cost-effective, preventive, and may improve symptoms in the postpartum setting.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Increased awareness of urinary disorders in pregnancy and postpartum is imperative for appropriate diagnosis and management. Instituting standardized voiding protocols postpartum will allow providers to avoid undiagnosed postpartum urinary retention and its repercussions. Improved screening and education regarding urinary incontinence in the peripartum is important for early management, such as pelvic floor muscle training, and improved quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":55194,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":" ","pages":"510-516"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41151979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}