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Integration of two dual-port substrate integrated waveguide based MIMO antennas on a common substrate for 5G millimeter wave applications 在共用基底上集成两个基于双端口基底集成波导的多输入多输出天线，用于 5G 毫米波应用
IF 1.1 4区 工程技术
Frequenz Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1515/freq-2023-0205
Abhik Gorai, Jyoti Ranjan Panda, Wriddhi Bhowmik, Arindam Deb, Rowdra Ghatak
{"title":"Integration of two dual-port substrate integrated waveguide based MIMO antennas on a common substrate for 5G millimeter wave applications","authors":"Abhik Gorai, Jyoti Ranjan Panda, Wriddhi Bhowmik, Arindam Deb, Rowdra Ghatak","doi":"10.1515/freq-2023-0205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/freq-2023-0205","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents method for integrating two dual port multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antennas on a common substrate based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. One of the dual port MIMO antennas (MIMO_1) resonates at 31.2 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 1 GHz while the other dual port MIMO antenna (MIMO_2) exhibits an impedance bandwidth of 925 MHz and resonates at 36 GHz. The radiators etched on the SIW cavities are complementary slotted annular rings (CSAR). Isolation between the ports is more than 20 dB which is inherently achieved by SIW cavity backed structures. The MIMO antenna realized at 31.2 GHz exhibit a peak realized gain of 8.5 dBi while the MIMO antenna realized at 36 GHz displays a peak gain of 9.8 dBi. The diversity gain of both the MIMO antennas is around 9.9 dB and the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of the MIMO antenna realized at 31 GHz is below 0.004 while the ECC of MIMO antenna at 36 GHz is below 0.006. It is also confirmed that simulated results closely correlate with the measurement results.","PeriodicalId":55143,"journal":{"name":"Frequenz","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140201914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gain enhancement in octagonal shaped frequency reconfigurable antenna using metasurface superstrate 利用元表面叠层增强八角形频率可重构天线的增益
IF 1.1 4区 工程技术
Frequenz Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1515/freq-2023-0269
Karthika Kandasamy, Kavitha Kaliappan, Sasikala Shanmugam, Adithya Srinivasan
{"title":"Gain enhancement in octagonal shaped frequency reconfigurable antenna using metasurface superstrate","authors":"Karthika Kandasamy, Kavitha Kaliappan, Sasikala Shanmugam, Adithya Srinivasan","doi":"10.1515/freq-2023-0269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/freq-2023-0269","url":null,"abstract":"A novel, high-gain reconfigurable antenna with a metasurface (MS) superstrate-based configuration is proposed in this research article. The design utilizes a concentric octagonal-shaped patch as a base antenna. Four SMP1345-079LF PIN diode switches are incorporated in the base antenna to facilitate frequency reconfiguration. When all four of the diodes are in OFF condition, the designed antenna resonates at 5.8 GHz. Switching ON the diodes switches the resonating frequency to 5 GHz. A novel MS unit cell of shape like ‘8’ has been designed and analyzed. The designed unit cell exhibits properties of the metamaterial in the operating frequencies. An MS superstrate of a 5 × 5 array has been designed and connected to the base antenna through Teflon rods. Further, the proposed reconfigurable antenna with MS has been analyzed for air and foam medium (medium between antenna and superstrate). The proposed structure offers better performance for the air medium with a gain enhancement of 4.23 dBi and 1.55 dBi at 5 GHz and 5.8 GHz respectively. Fabrication and testing processes are undertaken to validate the proposed antenna’s performance.","PeriodicalId":55143,"journal":{"name":"Frequenz","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140156484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A calibration method for vector network analyzers using a line and three or more offset-reflect standards 矢量网络分析仪的校准方法，使用一条线和三个或更多偏移反射标准件
IF 1.1 4区 工程技术
Frequenz Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1515/freq-2023-0116
Yujie Liu, Guobin Wan, Changying Wu, Yevhen Yashchyshyn, Yingfan Wang, Limin Tu
{"title":"A calibration method for vector network analyzers using a line and three or more offset-reflect standards","authors":"Yujie Liu, Guobin Wan, Changying Wu, Yevhen Yashchyshyn, Yingfan Wang, Limin Tu","doi":"10.1515/freq-2023-0116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/freq-2023-0116","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a method for two-port vector network analyzer (VNA) calibration that uses a line standard and three or more offset-reflect standards (L<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>Γ, where <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> is the number of offset-reflect standards and <jats:italic>n </jats:italic>≥<jats:italic> </jats:italic>3). The reflection coefficient of the highly reflecting offset-reflect standards and the propagation constant of the transmission line are unknown for this calibration method, but they can be obtained in the process of calculating the VNA calibration error coefficients. In the L<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>Γ calibration method, the calibration fixtures are all equal in mechanical length. Therefore, compared with the thru-reflect-line (TRL) method, this calibration method is convenient when the test fixtures of both sides of the VNA are fixed or difficult to move during the measurement. To further simplify the experimental operation, a corrugated reflector is also designed. In this calibration method, only one corrugated reflector used as the offset-reflect standard is needed. Different offset-reflect standards are realized easily by changing the position on the microstrip line. The proposed L<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>Γ calibration method is accurate, which is proven by theoretical analysis, simulations, and measurements.","PeriodicalId":55143,"journal":{"name":"Frequenz","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140116160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Design and investigation of cavity backed bowtie antenna with unidirectional radiation pattern using characteristic mode analysis 利用特征模态分析设计和研究具有单向辐射模式的腔背弓形天线
IF 1.1 4区 工程技术
Frequenz Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1515/freq-2023-0346
Jagadeesh Babu Kamili, Amitabha Bhattacharya
{"title":"Design and investigation of cavity backed bowtie antenna with unidirectional radiation pattern using characteristic mode analysis","authors":"Jagadeesh Babu Kamili, Amitabha Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1515/freq-2023-0346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/freq-2023-0346","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a novel cavity backed leaf-shaped bowtie antenna is designed using Characteristic Mode Analysis (CMA). An analytical expression is proposed to arrive at the leaf shape of the bowtie antenna using optimization process. The developed antenna is backed by a square-cavity to get unidirectional radiation pattern with high gain and good front-to-back-ratio characteristics. CMA technique is used in the design and optimization of the cavity structure and generalized design equation is proposed to design the cavity for getting good impedance bandwidth and broadside radiation characteristics in the Desired Band of Interest (DBI). The developed antenna resonates from 0.8 to 4.3 GHz with stable and unidirectional radiation characteristics giving maximum gain and FBR of 11.5 dBi and 15.2 dB respectively, making it suitable for Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) applications.","PeriodicalId":55143,"journal":{"name":"Frequenz","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140073498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The design and decoupling of TX/RX antenna with omnidirectional conical beam operating at V band 在 V 波段工作的带有全向锥形波束的发射/接收天线的设计和解耦
IF 1.1 4区 工程技术
Frequenz Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1515/freq-2023-0330
Zhu Duan, Rubing Bai, Zhongyun Li, Rong Hu, Qian Ling, Yunhua Tang
{"title":"The design and decoupling of TX/RX antenna with omnidirectional conical beam operating at V band","authors":"Zhu Duan, Rubing Bai, Zhongyun Li, Rong Hu, Qian Ling, Yunhua Tang","doi":"10.1515/freq-2023-0330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/freq-2023-0330","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a high isolation transmitter–receiver antenna with omnidirectional conical beam operating at 61.5 GHz is presented. The proposed dual-antenna system consists of a transmitter (TX) antenna and a receiver (RX) antenna with the same structure, composed of a circular metal patch with ring slot and metal shorting vias, fed by a coaxial probe at their respective geometric center. And both antennas are placed on a circular metal platform, positioned symmetrically with each other. To increase the isolation between them, three different decoupling methods are proposed, and the one with an electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure added in-between shows the most promising decoupling effect, as the surface wave current can be maximally suppressed. The overall size of the antenna system is 2.255<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> × π × 0.579 <jats:italic>λ</jats:italic> <jats:sub>0</jats:sub> <jats:sup>3</jats:sup>, where <jats:italic>λ</jats:italic> <jats:sub>0</jats:sub> is the free space wavelength at 61.5 GHz. A prototype of the proposed antenna system with EBG decoupling structure is fabricated and measured, demonstrating that the TX–RX isolation is 57.9 dB at 61.5 GHz, 21.6 dB better than that without decoupling structure, with omnidirectional conical beam radiation achieved at the same time.","PeriodicalId":55143,"journal":{"name":"Frequenz","volume":"279 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140073510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A compact dual-element UWB-MIMO antenna with single band-notched characteristics 具有单带缺口特性的紧凑型双元件 UWB-MIMO 天线
IF 1.1 4区 工程技术
Frequenz Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1515/freq-2023-0356
Neha Dalakoti, Priyanka Jain
{"title":"A compact dual-element UWB-MIMO antenna with single band-notched characteristics","authors":"Neha Dalakoti, Priyanka Jain","doi":"10.1515/freq-2023-0356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/freq-2023-0356","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a UWB MIMO (multi-input multi-output) antenna working from 3.3 GHz to 10 GHz with a single band notch at 4.5 GHz has been proposed. The antenna comprises of two circular microstrip patches of radius 6.4 mm with tapered microstrip feed line of input impedance 50 Ω connected to them. 1.6 mm thick FR4 substrate (<jats:italic>εr</jats:italic> = 4.4, tan<jats:italic>δ</jats:italic> = 0.02) of length and width 38 mm × 38 mm has been used. Partial ground consisting staircase, T-shaped slot, and defected H-shape slot have been utilized to enhance bandwidth and improve isolation. Additionally, C-shaped slot has been created on radiating element to produce a notch at 4.5 GHz. The design achieves a maximum gain of 5.8 dBi at 8.5 GHz and minimum gain of 0.5 dBi at 4.5 GHz. Isolation between the ports is more than 20 dB in the major portion of band of operation. It goes greater than 25 dB in the notch band. Envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and diversity gain (DG) of 0.0006 and approx. 9.99 dB respectively has been obtained. Channel capacity loss of &lt;−10 dB has been achieved. The proposed antenna is acceptable candidate for UWB MIMO applications.","PeriodicalId":55143,"journal":{"name":"Frequenz","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140054116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
3D printed circularly polarized implantable antenna with wideband impedance matching 具有宽带阻抗匹配功能的 3D 打印圆极化植入式天线
IF 1.1 4区 工程技术
Frequenz Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1515/freq-2023-0379
Li-Jie Xu, Qiang Liu, Meng-Yao Huang
{"title":"3D printed circularly polarized implantable antenna with wideband impedance matching","authors":"Li-Jie Xu, Qiang Liu, Meng-Yao Huang","doi":"10.1515/freq-2023-0379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/freq-2023-0379","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a slot-loaded circularly polarized implantable antenna with wide bandwidth at 2.45 GHz, i.e., Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band. This antenna is established with a compact size of 44.52 mm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup> based on 3D printing technology, and biocompatible material MED610 is adopted for human safety consideration. During the design, unilaterally shorted patch antenna loaded with T-slot is adopted, obtaining two closely spaced orthogonal modes with miniaturized antenna size. More importantly, to obtain wide impedance matching, a spiral slot is introduced around the feed, forming an <jats:italic>L</jats:italic>-section network consisted of a parallel capacitor and a series inductor. As a result, a wide circular polarization bandwidth of 28.7 % is realized for the proposed antenna. The measured results are well agreed with simulated results.","PeriodicalId":55143,"journal":{"name":"Frequenz","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140036570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Antipodal vivaldi array MIMO antenna for 5G FR2 applications at 28 GHz with improved isolation 用于 28 千兆赫 5G FR2 应用的对偶维瓦尔第阵列 MIMO 天线，隔离性能更强
IF 1.1 4区 工程技术
Frequenz Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1515/freq-2023-0399
Ramysree Golla, Suman Nelaturi
{"title":"Antipodal vivaldi array MIMO antenna for 5G FR2 applications at 28 GHz with improved isolation","authors":"Ramysree Golla, Suman Nelaturi","doi":"10.1515/freq-2023-0399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/freq-2023-0399","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposed a two port antipodal vivaldi antenna (AVA) for 5G FR2 (frequency range 2) applications at 28 GHz with improved bandwidth,gain and isolation. Each antenna consists of two array elements. The proposed antenna has dimensions 23.8 × 54 × 0.79 mm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup> and is fabricated on Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 material. This material has a 2.2 low dielectric constant and mainly suitable for broadband high frequency applications. Proposed antenna covers −10 dB below from 25.51 to 33 GHz band, which having 7.49 GHz bandwidth. Gain for the presented MIMO (Multiple input multiple output) AVA array is varying from 8.50 to 12.44 dBi. A better isolation −34.56 dB is obtained between two antenna elements. MIMO characteristics like ECC (Envelope correlation coefficient), CCL (Channel capacity loss), DG (Diversity Gain), TARC (Total active reflection coefficient), and MEG (Mean effective gain) are satisfied with good results for presented antenna. The proposed antenna is designed using ansys HFSS simulation tool.","PeriodicalId":55143,"journal":{"name":"Frequenz","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140036591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Imaging of cylindrical inhomogeneites in a parallel plate waveguide with reverse time migration method 利用反向时间迁移法对平行板波导中的圆柱形非均质物成像
IF 1.1 4区 工程技术
Frequenz Pub Date : 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.1515/freq-2023-0283
Tanju Yelkenci
{"title":"Imaging of cylindrical inhomogeneites in a parallel plate waveguide with reverse time migration method","authors":"Tanju Yelkenci","doi":"10.1515/freq-2023-0283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/freq-2023-0283","url":null,"abstract":"While reverse time migration (RTM) algorithm is commonly used in geophysical explorations, this paper addresses the RTM imaging procedure for reconstructing of lossy dielectric discontinuities in a planar waveguide using electromagnetic waves at a single frequency. The direct problem of the related configuration is solved via method of moments (MoM) to produce the synthetic scattered data to be used in RTM. The achievements of the method are examined and verified by including different numerical examples. It is shown that the RTM approach can be used as an alternative imaging methodology in parallel plate waveguide problems.","PeriodicalId":55143,"journal":{"name":"Frequenz","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139921579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Revolutionizing healthcare with metamaterial-enhanced antennas: a comprehensive review and future directions 超材料增强天线带来的医疗变革：全面回顾与未来方向
IF 1.1 4区 工程技术
Frequenz Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1515/freq-2023-0236
Sakthi Preetha Asokan, Kavitha Kaliappan
{"title":"Revolutionizing healthcare with metamaterial-enhanced antennas: a comprehensive review and future directions","authors":"Sakthi Preetha Asokan, Kavitha Kaliappan","doi":"10.1515/freq-2023-0236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/freq-2023-0236","url":null,"abstract":"The state of the art for wearable antennas for wireless communication and biological applications is compiled in this article. It addresses a wide range of subjects, such as how to use novel materials like Artificial Magnetic Conductors (AMC) and Metamaterial (MTM) structures to enhance antenna performance. It also covers the design of dual-band and reconfigurable antennas and the use of machine learning to optimize aerial design. The main subject of this article is how wearable antennas could lead to advancements in wireless communication and healthcare in the future, perhaps improving lives worldwide. It includes implantable antennas, textile-based antennas, and various flexible graphene-based antenna varieties. The use of wearable antennas for brain stroke diagnostics, wireless body area networks, telemedicine, and breast imaging is covered in this study. Additionally covered are reconfigurable antennas based on Metamaterial (MTM)structures and Wideband on-body antennas inspired by Metamaterials (MTM), both of these applications are useful in the assembly of wearable antennas, which is the main goal of this work. The research also discusses how metamaterials (MTM) might raise the sensitivity of the bioelectric field, enabling precise bioelectric signal monitoring. Metamaterial (MTM) antennas function reliably in a range of biomedical applications and can adjust to the electromagnetic properties.","PeriodicalId":55143,"journal":{"name":"Frequenz","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139752398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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