IAWA Journal最新文献_第9页

Anatomical and blue intensity methods to determine wood density converge in contributing to explain different distributions of three palaeotropical pine species 确定木材密度的解剖和蓝色强度方法在解释三种古热带松树物种的不同分布方面趋于一致

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2021-10-19 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-bja10073

L. Ho, F. Thomas

{"title":"Anatomical and blue intensity methods to determine wood density converge in contributing to explain different distributions of three palaeotropical pine species","authors":"L. Ho, F. Thomas","doi":"10.1163/22941932-bja10073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10073","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Wood density constitutes an integrative trait of water relations and growth. We compared the recently developed blue intensity (BI) method, which has only rarely been applied to tropical conifers, for determining wood density with anatomical analyses in studying the three rarely investigated palaeotropical pine species Pinus kesiya, P. dalatensis and P. krempfii, which co-occur in South-Central Vietnam, but differ in their distribution areas. For species comparisons, we also calculated the hydraulic conductivity of the xylem with the Hagen-Poiseuille equation and the water potential causing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity () based on the anatomical analyses. We hypothesized (i) that the BI values are correlated with the cell wall fractions, the calculated hydraulic conductivity and the values; and (ii) that the wider occurrence of P. kesiya, which also can grow at drier sites, is reflected by higher wood density, lower hydraulic conductivity, lower (more negative) values and a smaller variation in the wood anatomical features across the years compared to the other two species. In agreement to our hypotheses, the results of the BI and the anatomical method were closely correlated, especially for sapwood, and P. kesiya exhibited features that are related to the growth at drier sites and to a higher tolerance towards drought: higher wood density and cell wall:lumen area ratios of its smaller xylem conduits, lower calculated hydraulic conductivity and more negative values. The BI method is well suitable for determining the wood density in tropical conifers. As a fast and inexpensive method, it may be used for initial screening woody species for their water transport capacity and drought resistance.","PeriodicalId":55037,"journal":{"name":"IAWA Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43131811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Mosaic, block-face microscopy for measuring cell dimensions, cell collapse, and spatial relationships in wood 用于测量木材中细胞尺寸、细胞塌陷和空间关系的镶嵌、块面显微镜

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2021-10-07 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-bja10072

A. Dickson

{"title":"Mosaic, block-face microscopy for measuring cell dimensions, cell collapse, and spatial relationships in wood","authors":"A. Dickson","doi":"10.1163/22941932-bja10072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10072","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A conventional stereo light microscope was used to image polished wood surfaces at cellular resolution over size scales of the growth ring or larger. Bandpass filtering and local area contrast enhancement were used to aid automatic image thresholding and binarisation. An estimate for the location and proportion of cell collapse was introduced based on the distance between uncollapsed cell lumens. Additionally, spatial associations between vessels were determined using a Euclidean distance transform. The analysis of pith to bark cores provided sufficient detail to show significant intra and inter-annual trends in Pinus radiata tracheid dimensions (wall thickness, wall area, and radial widths). These trends were consistent with expectations and in agreement with the literature. Measured cell dimensions may be influenced by cell collapse and deformation as a result of drying. The analysis of air, kiln and oven-dried Eucalyptus nitens showed that cell collapse was highly variable but generally more prominent in the outer third of growth rings. There were significant changes in vessel shape across the growth rings and vessel area was significantly reduced by drying. The technique provides an intermediate step between detailed microscopy and macroscopic imaging that allows spatial analysis at the wood cell level.","PeriodicalId":55037,"journal":{"name":"IAWA Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44061680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Book review 书评

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-00002183

P. Baas

引用次数: 0

Anatomical properties of Hibiscus macrophyllus and its mature wood development 木槿属植物的解剖特性及其成熟木材的发育

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-BJA10067

E. Basri, R. Damayanti, A. Darwis, Saefudin, I. Wahyudi

{"title":"Anatomical properties of Hibiscus macrophyllus and its mature wood development","authors":"E. Basri, R. Damayanti, A. Darwis, Saefudin, I. Wahyudi","doi":"10.1163/22941932-BJA10067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-BJA10067","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Hibiscus macrophyllus tree is widely planted in Indonesia especially on Java Island. It has several advantages to be developed commercially as a community or plantation forest compared to the famous introduced species Falcataria moluccana and Anthocephalus spp., including faster growth, higher wood density, and better stem morphology (straighter, more rounded, and lesser branches). However, information about the basic properties of this wood grown in plantations is limited. This study aimed to investigate the anatomical properties of H. macrophyllus and their variation at three ages (8, 12 and 16 years old), as well as to predict the mature wood development by using radial variation in fiber length, microfibril angle (MFA), and wood density from pith toward the bark as the indicators. The wood samples were obtained from a community forest area at Ciamis Regency, West Java Province. Furthermore, anatomical characteristics were examined through wood slides following the IAWA List, while fibre and vessel element dimensions were measured through macerated specimens prepared by modified Franklin’s method. The MFA was determined by X-Ray Diffraction, while wood density was measured in line with British Standard 373-57. The results showed that the anatomical structures were not influenced by tree age, except for wood porosity, and fibre and vessel element dimensions. The 16-year-old tree tended to be semi-ring-porous, the younger trees were diffuse-porous, while the fiber and vessel element length, as well as the diameter, were decreased. Meanwhile, the wall thickness was increased. The fibre length, MFA, and wood density were useful indicators for wood maturity that seemed to be developed at about 11 years of age.","PeriodicalId":55037,"journal":{"name":"IAWA Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49359066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Spatial and temporal patterns of wound periderm development in Cryptomeria japonica bark 柳杉树皮伤皮发育的时空格局

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2021-09-23 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-bja10066

Etsushi Iizuka, Megumi Ohse, Izumi Arakawa, P. Kitin, R. Funada, Satoshi Nakaba

{"title":"Spatial and temporal patterns of wound periderm development in Cryptomeria japonica bark","authors":"Etsushi Iizuka, Megumi Ohse, Izumi Arakawa, P. Kitin, R. Funada, Satoshi Nakaba","doi":"10.1163/22941932-bja10066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10066","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Limited investigations have been carried out on the physiological and growth responses of bark to wounding, even though wound periderms play crucial roles in tree defenses. To understand the mechanisms of wound periderm formation, we studied the growth responses and structural changes of wounded bark of three Cryptomeria japonica individuals. We observed the developmental time frame and morphology of wound periderms around mechanically induced wounds in summer. The wound responses included discoloration, lignification, and suberization in tissues present at the time of wounding, followed by wound periderm formation and secondary metabolite deposition. The trees had developed wound periderms approximately 4 weeks after wounding. The wound periderms were within 3 mm in the axial directions and within 1 mm in the lateral directions from the wound surfaces. The distinct patterns of wound periderm formation in the axial and lateral regions resulted from the arrangement and anatomical features of the cells adjacent to the wounds. The wound phellem cells were tangentially narrower and axially shorter in the side and upper/lower regions, respectively, of the wounds. Therefore, the cell division frequencies in the planes parallel to the wound surface may be greater than those in the other directions. Wound reactions in bark might initially be triggered by microenvironmental changes, such as the spread of desiccation, which depends directly on the morphology of phloem cell complexes.","PeriodicalId":55037,"journal":{"name":"IAWA Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45070213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Variations in bacterial decay between cell types and between cell wall regions in waterlogged archaeological wood excavated in the intertidal zone 潮间带浸水考古木材中细菌腐烂在细胞类型和细胞壁区域之间的变化

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2021-09-17 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-bja10068

M. Cha, K. Lee, Jong Sik Kim, Y. Kim

{"title":"Variations in bacterial decay between cell types and between cell wall regions in waterlogged archaeological wood excavated in the intertidal zone","authors":"M. Cha, K. Lee, Jong Sik Kim, Y. Kim","doi":"10.1163/22941932-bja10068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10068","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The bacterial decay of waterlogged archeological wood (WAW, hard pine spp.) taken from Daebudo shipwreck No. 2, which was buried in the intertidal zone in the mid-west coast (Yellow sea) of South Korea approximately 800 years ago, was investigated. The maximum moisture content of the outer parts (approx. 3 cm of depth) of WAW was approximately 4.2 times higher than that of undegraded reference pine wood. ATR-FTIR and solid-state 13C-NMR analysis indicated a relative increase of the lignin concentration in WAW caused by the degradation of cellulose and hemicelluloses across the board studied (31-cm-wide and 14.5-cm-thick board). Micromorphological studies also revealed that bacterial degradation was progressed to a depth of 15 cm (vertically 7.3 cm) from the surface, which is the innermost part of the board. Erosion bacteria (EB) were identified as the main degraders of WAW. Degradation by tunneling bacteria (TB) was occasionally detected. Decay resistance to bacterial attacks in WAW varied between cell types and between cell wall regions. Axial tracheids showed less resistance than ray tracheids, ray parenchyma cells, and axial intercellular canal cells, including strand tracheids, subsidiary parenchyma cells, and epithelial cells. Decay resistance was higher in ray tracheids and strand tracheids than in ray parenchyma cells and subsidiary parenchyma-/epithelial cells, respectively. Bordered- and cross-field pit membranes and the initial pit borders showed higher decay resistance than the tracheid cell walls. Overall, the S2 layer of the axial tracheids showed the weakest resistance to bacterial attacks.","PeriodicalId":55037,"journal":{"name":"IAWA Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45781833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Fossil wood of Syzygium from the Miocene of Guangxi, South China: the earliest fossil evidence of the genus in eastern Asia 广西中新世Syzygium木化石：东亚最早的Syzygius属化石证据

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2021-09-17 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-bja10069

Yifan Li, Lu-Liang Huang, C. Quan, Jianhua Jin, A. Oskolski

引用次数: 0

Regeneration of vascular tissue through redifferentiation of interxylary phloem after complete girdling in Aquilaria sinensis 木香完全剥皮后木质部再分化对维管组织再生的影响

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2021-09-15 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-bja10065

Bei Luo, A. Yoshinaga, T. Awano, K. Takabe, T. Itoh

引用次数: 1

Marked Facial Weakness, Ptosis, and Hanging Jaw: A Case with RYR1 -Related Congenital Centronuclear Myopathy. 明显的面部无力、上睑下垂和下颌下垂：一个与 RYR1 相关的先天性中心核肌病病例

IF 0.4 3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2021-07-03 eCollection Date: 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731683

Bhanudeep Singanamalla, Shivan Kesavan, Divya Aggarwal, Debajyoti Chatterjee, Andoni Urtizberea, Renu Suthar

{"title":"Marked Facial Weakness, Ptosis, and Hanging Jaw: A Case with RYR1 -Related Congenital Centronuclear Myopathy.","authors":"Bhanudeep Singanamalla, Shivan Kesavan, Divya Aggarwal, Debajyoti Chatterjee, Andoni Urtizberea, Renu Suthar","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1731683","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0041-1731683","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital myopathies are an expanding spectrum of neuromuscular disorders with early infantile or childhood onset hypotonia and slowly or nonprogressive skeletal muscle weakness. RYR1 -related myopathies are the most common and frequently diagnosed class of congenital myopathies. Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility and central core disease are autosomal dominant or de novo RYR1 disorder, whereas multiminicore, congenital fiber type disproportion and centronuclear myopathy are autosomal recessive RYR1 disorders. The presence of ptosis, ophthalmoparesis, facial, and proximal muscles weakness, with the presence of dusty cores and multiple internal nuclei on muscle biopsy are clues to the diagnosis. We describe an 18-year-old male, who presented with early infantile onset ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, myopathic facies, hanging lower jaw, and proximal muscle weakness confirmed as an RYR1 -related congenital centronuclear myopathy on genetic analysis and muscle biopsy.","PeriodicalId":55037,"journal":{"name":"IAWA Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"318-324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10756716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86664053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pterocarpus wood identification by independent and complementary analysis of DART-TOFMS, microscopic anatomy, and fluorescence spectrometry 采用DART-TOFMS、显微解剖和荧光光谱法对翼果木进行独立和互补分析

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-BJA10064

E. Price, Isabella A. Miles‐Bunch, P. Gasson, C. Lancaster

{"title":"Pterocarpus wood identification by independent and complementary analysis of DART-TOFMS, microscopic anatomy, and fluorescence spectrometry","authors":"E. Price, Isabella A. Miles‐Bunch, P. Gasson, C. Lancaster","doi":"10.1163/22941932-BJA10064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-BJA10064","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Attention to illegal logging practices and demanding policies in transnational timber trade have driven the need for species-level identification of timber. Historically wood has been identified to genus level using microscopy and anatomical characteristics, however, new chemometric and imaging methods have been developed to increase the speed and precision of timber identification. This study approaches species identification using a combination of complementary methods: Direct Analysis in Real Time–Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (DART-TOFMS), wood anatomy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Seven commercially and environmentally significant species in Pterocarpus, including P. erinaceus (CITES Appendix II), P. santalinus (CITES Appendix II), P. tinctorius (CITES Appendix II), P. indicus, P. macrocarpus, P. dalbergioides, and P. soyauxii were studied. It was found that DART-TOFMS paired with discriminant analysis of principal components (PCA) could classify species with an accuracy of 95–100%, while anatomy in combination with PCA applied to fluorescence spectra could be used to classify CITES Appendix II species. In the absence of access to DART-TOFMS, a combination of wood anatomy and fluorescence spectrometry can permit more accurate identification than anatomy alone.","PeriodicalId":55037,"journal":{"name":"IAWA Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64610369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11