IAWA Journal最新文献_第5页

Parenchyma is not the sole site of storage: storage in living fibres Parenchyma并不是唯一的储存场所：储存在活性纤维中

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-bja10112

L. Plavcová, M. Olson, V. Jandová, J. Doležal

引用次数: 5

A skeptic’s guide to Sherwin Carlquist’s inferences of xylem function 舍温·卡尔奎斯特木质部功能推论的怀疑者指南

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2023-01-11 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-bja10109

M. Olson

{"title":"A skeptic’s guide to Sherwin Carlquist’s inferences of xylem function","authors":"M. Olson","doi":"10.1163/22941932-bja10109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10109","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Sherwin Carlquist’s work was filled with inferences of xylem function, and yet he did not carry out xylem physiological or biomechanical measurements. Moreover, his quantitative analyses were rudimentary and he disliked the standard scientific practice of quantifying uncertainty with statistical analyses. Also, took few pains to explain to other functional xylem biologists why his comparative approach was useful and appropriate. Here, I discuss why nevertheless his papers are extremely valuable contributions to inferences of xylem function. The most important insight is that Sherwin used a valid and essential approach for the inference of biological function, known as the comparative method. Together with optimality models, population biology (including xylem physiology), and studies of developmental potential, the comparative method is an indispensable part of a maximally supported inference of xylem structure–function relation. Detecting his insightful inferences of function often requires reading around his various idiosyncrasies, including the lack of statistics and instead his reliance on his extraordinary memory to detect patterns. With this guide to reading Carlquist’s work, I hope to give functional xylem physiologists better access to the richest and most wide-ranging body of functional hypotheses found in the xylem literature.","PeriodicalId":55037,"journal":{"name":"IAWA Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47712147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seasonal temperature and precipitation regimes drive variation in the wood of oak species (Quercus) along a climatic gradient in western Mexico 在墨西哥西部，季节性的温度和降水制度驱动了沿气候梯度变化的橡树树种(栎)的木材

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-bja10110

Maribel Arenas-Navarro, K. Oyama, F. García-Oliva, Andrés Torres-Miranda, T. Terrazas

{"title":"Seasonal temperature and precipitation regimes drive variation in the wood of oak species (Quercus) along a climatic gradient in western Mexico","authors":"Maribel Arenas-Navarro, K. Oyama, F. García-Oliva, Andrés Torres-Miranda, T. Terrazas","doi":"10.1163/22941932-bja10110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10110","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000To achieve optimal balance among wood’s support, storage, and transport functions, tree species present adaptive variation in wood anatomical traits. Oaks (Quercus) are woody plants that are dominant in many ecosystems, possess wide variation in wood traits, and can tolerate water stress in diverse habitats. Mountain regions contain steep climatic gradients that exert strong environmental pressures on wood traits. The aims of this study were: (1) to quantify the anatomical variation in 21 oak species distributed along an environmental gradient and (2) to analyze the interspecific variation among the studied species. Fibres and parenchyma fractions were the most abundant cell types. We found a trade-off between total fibre fraction and total parenchyma fraction modulated by the precipitation during the warmest quarter in which oak species in drier areas invested more in support cells. The 21 oak species studied showed vasicentric tracheids, which could be essential to compensate for the transport system in drier areas. Wood density was negatively correlated with the axial parenchyma fraction and fibre lumen width. Oak species have high interspecific variation in the total vessel fraction and vessel diameter. Anatomical variation in oak species along a climatic gradient showed a broad continuum of fibre characteristics from wide to narrow wall and lumen, abundant to scarce parenchyma, and wide to narrow vessels. These variations imply a diversification of ecological strategies within the genus that includes the vascular design of the stem to define the tolerance and competitiveness of the oak species.","PeriodicalId":55037,"journal":{"name":"IAWA Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45908922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

How Sherwin Carlquist turned long-distance dispersal research into a field of empirical and experimental enquiry 舍温·卡尔奎斯特是如何把远距离传播研究变成一个实证和实验研究领域的

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-02 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-bja10108

S. Renner

引用次数: 0

Volumetric imaging by micro computed tomography: a suitable tool for wood identification of charcoal 微型计算机断层扫描体积成像：一种适用于木炭木材鉴定的工具

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-bja10106

Volker Haag, K. Dremel, S. Zabler

{"title":"Volumetric imaging by micro computed tomography: a suitable tool for wood identification of charcoal","authors":"Volker Haag, K. Dremel, S. Zabler","doi":"10.1163/22941932-bja10106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10106","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The present study focuses on the application of state-of-the-art μCT, by using a sub-micrometre CT scanner as a tool for wood identification. Charcoal was chosen as a subject for this case study. The reason for choosing charcoal is based on economic as well as technical issues. Parallel to conventional wood anatomy, various promising approaches to identification are currently being developed worldwide in order to simplify the identification of processed wood. However, due to the carbonization process, such approaches are not applicable to charcoal. In view of the rapid development of μCT technology, it was decided to examine the extent to which wood anatomical studies can be supported and improved by modern μCT technology. About 17% of the annually harvested wood worldwide is converted to charcoal (FAO 2017), and the charcoal trade is one of the least controlled/monitored segments of the European timber market. Although charcoal has a significant market share of wood-based products, it is still not yet covered by any trade regulation, e.g. the European Timber Regulations (EUTR), (EU) No995/2010. For the present study, different wood types and the anatomical fine structural features were measured and displayed at different magnifications to visualize the performance of state-of-the-art μCT standards. Three different charcoal assortments were examined, and the results were checked against the given declarations of contents. The aim of this work is to evaluate the potential of the μCT technique in the field of wood identification and to assess its use for the regulatory control of charcoal and other wood products in the international timber trade. The results are encouraging and lead to the conclusion that the application of the μCT technique in the field of wood identification can be classified as very promising for the future.","PeriodicalId":55037,"journal":{"name":"IAWA Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42020517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative wood anatomy of 16 Malagasy Dalbergia species (Fabaceae) using multivariate techniques 应用多元技术对16种马达加斯加降香属植物的木材解剖比较

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2022-11-08 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-bja10105

Ravo Nantenaina Ramanantsialonina, S. Crameri, Ninah Andrianasolo Sandratriniaina, M. Wiemann, J. Hermanson, Bakolimalala Rakouth, Bako Harisoa Ravaomanalina

{"title":"Comparative wood anatomy of 16 Malagasy Dalbergia species (Fabaceae) using multivariate techniques","authors":"Ravo Nantenaina Ramanantsialonina, S. Crameri, Ninah Andrianasolo Sandratriniaina, M. Wiemann, J. Hermanson, Bakolimalala Rakouth, Bako Harisoa Ravaomanalina","doi":"10.1163/22941932-bja10105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10105","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Rosewood and palisander (Dalbergia L.f., Fabaceae) are sources of highly valuable tropical timber and include species threatened by habitat degradation and selective logging for national and international trade. Law enforcement depends on reliable and cost-effective species-level identification of timber along the supply chain. The potential of wood anatomy to distinguish between species has not yet been systematically investigated for Dalbergia species from Madagascar. We assessed 36 qualitative and eight quantitative wood anatomical features in 16 Malagasy Dalbergia species that form medium-sized to large trees, representing each species by at least five individuals. We integrated and contrasted the newly collected data with existing data from InsideWood and two previous studies. Principal component analysis of 93 individuals and 29 variables resulted in non-overlapping hulls for eight species with respect to the first two dimensions. Four quantitative features (number of ray tiers per millimetre, number of rays per millimetre, vessel density, and vessel element length) and two qualitative features (scanty paratracheal axial parenchyma and irregular to absent storied structure) were found to be potentially diagnostic to distinguish three single species and three pairs of closely related species. Following our analyses, we provide a provisional microscopic wood anatomical identification key for the 16 Dalbergia species, which can be applied to both logs and sawn wood.","PeriodicalId":55037,"journal":{"name":"IAWA Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42416119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wood anatomy of 13 species from a successional tropical dry forest: description and ecological implications 热带干林演替中13种木材解剖结构的描述及其生态学意义

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-bja10104

Eunice Romero, T. Terrazas, Edgar J. González, J. Meave

{"title":"Wood anatomy of 13 species from a successional tropical dry forest: description and ecological implications","authors":"Eunice Romero, T. Terrazas, Edgar J. González, J. Meave","doi":"10.1163/22941932-bja10104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10104","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Successional tropical dry forest (TDF) species face water scarcity in the harsh dry season. Wood features provide insight into potential hydraulic stress coping mechanisms. Here, we describe the wood anatomy of 13 species occurring frequently in successional TDF. Given the marked rainfall seasonality of TDF, we expected these species to share conspicuous growth rings boundaries and drought-adapted anatomical features such as paratracheal parenchyma; although given the taxonomic and phenological diversity, a high wood diversity was also expected. Most species have diffuse-porosity. Axial parenchyma is diversely associated with vessels. Simple perforation plates are common and exclusive to all species. Different features poorly delimit growth boundaries, as previously observed in other tropical species. The main ground tissue is diverse, including nonseptate fibers, septate living fibers, or exclusively parenchyma. Axial and radial parenchyma may be scarce, abundant, or represent the main and unlignified ground tissue component. Vessel grouping ranges from solitary and 2–29 vessels per group. The mean vessel diameter range is ⩽50–200 μm; fiber walls are very thin to very thick. The anatomical features recorded among successional TDF species suggest different water stress coping mechanisms resulting from various anatomical combinations. Seven species exhibit wood features associated with drought tolerance (higher hydraulic redundancy, higher mechanical resistance, with vessel-ray connectivity likely given by banded parenchyma), whereas six species share xylem features associated with drought avoidance (taller and wider rays indicating higher water storage capacity). The complexity and multifunctionality of stem woody tissue should caution us against oversimplifying the relationship between anatomy, function, and ecological performance of TDF species.","PeriodicalId":55037,"journal":{"name":"IAWA Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49004727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Evaluation of xylem maturation and among-site variation in the anatomical characteristics of Betula platyphylla growing naturally in Mongolia 蒙古国天然白桦木质部成熟度及解剖特征的位点间变异评价

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-bja10102

Togtokhbayar Erdene-Ochir, F. Ishiguri, I. Nezu, Bayasaa Tumenjargal, Bayartsetseg Baasan, Ganbaatar Chultem, J. Ohshima, S. Yokota

{"title":"Evaluation of xylem maturation and among-site variation in the anatomical characteristics of Betula platyphylla growing naturally in Mongolia","authors":"Togtokhbayar Erdene-Ochir, F. Ishiguri, I. Nezu, Bayasaa Tumenjargal, Bayartsetseg Baasan, Ganbaatar Chultem, J. Ohshima, S. Yokota","doi":"10.1163/22941932-bja10102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10102","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Betula platyphylla Sukaczev, a fast-growing pioneer tree, is an important species for wood resources in boreal regions and steppe areas in Mongolia. We examined the anatomy and maturation of wood in 30 B. platyphylla trees growing in natural populations in three different sites in Mandal, Selenge, Mongolia to clarify the relationship between tree growth and wood formation. Core samples, 5 mm in diameter, were collected from 30 trees with the mean stem diameter at each site. The radial variations in the anatomical characteristics were evaluated using linear or nonlinear mixed-effects models. Almost all measured anatomical characteristics increased from the pith to the bark. Fiber length showed an annual increase of over 1% up to about the 20th annual ring from the pith, beyond which the increase was less than 1%, suggesting that xylem maturation started around the 20th annual ring. The growth rate at the early growth stage did not affect the annual ring number where xylem maturation began. The linear mixed-effects model revealed a site variation in wood fiber wall thickness. Thus, in combination with previous research results with this species, we believe that the selection of superior trees with thicker fiber walls might be possible for future tree breeding programs aimed at improving wood quality for pulp and paper raw materials and the production of solid wood and wood-based materials.","PeriodicalId":55037,"journal":{"name":"IAWA Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42628724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Practical guidelines for quantitative wood anatomy on Ginkgo biloba L. 银杏木材定量解剖实用指南。

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2022-09-20 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-bja10100

Weiwei Huang, Yueyi Li

{"title":"Practical guidelines for quantitative wood anatomy on Ginkgo biloba L.","authors":"Weiwei Huang, Yueyi Li","doi":"10.1163/22941932-bja10100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10100","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Ginkgo biloba L., a long-lived relict species, has high ecological, cultural and economic value. Studying the quantitative wood anatomy of G. biloba is important to understand the relationships between their tree-growth and climate change, which could help in the protection of old G. biloba trees. Preparing high-quality wood thin sections is the premise of quantitative wood anatomy analysis. In addition, manual correction of image analysis is a time-consuming process. We therefore present a protocol on how to make G. biloba high-quality xylem thin sections, from sample preparation, sample embedding, blade selection to thickness selection. We also present a method to determine the necessary sample width and number of cores to establish reliable wood anatomical time series that both can capture climate signals and reduce the time used for image analysis. For microsection preparation, it is optimal to cut 20–30-μm-thick sections using Leica DB80 blades after applying the cornstarch solution on top of the sample surface. For image analysis, the reliable wood anatomical time series can be established when measuring six cores (trees) or above, and the environmental signals are captured when analyzing a 1.2-mm-wide radial strip along the increment core (deviation <2%) for the parameters cell density, mean lumen area, potential hydraulic conductivity and percentage of the conductive area. This paper provides practical guidance to successfully use quantitative wood anatomy methods on G. biloba. We hope our study will be helpful for future research on the quantitative wood anatomy of G. biloba and similar tree species.","PeriodicalId":55037,"journal":{"name":"IAWA Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44700025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Longitudinal transmittance of visible and near-infrared light in the wood of 21 conifer species 21种针叶树木材中可见光和近红外光的纵向透射率

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-bja10103

H. Abe, Y. Kurata, Ken Watanabe, P. Kitin, Miho Kojima, K. Yazaki

{"title":"Longitudinal transmittance of visible and near-infrared light in the wood of 21 conifer species","authors":"H. Abe, Y. Kurata, Ken Watanabe, P. Kitin, Miho Kojima, K. Yazaki","doi":"10.1163/22941932-bja10103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10103","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Light transmittance and reflectance were measured in 21 conifer species using a spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere and light within a wavelength range of 500–1200 nm, to clarify the variety of longitudinal light transmitting properties among wood species. Transmittance values varied not only among different species but also between the sapwood and heartwood within certain species. Transmittance intensity increased from about 600–700 nm and showed peaks or shoulders in the ranges of 870–900 nm and 930–950 nm, and at around 1100 nm in all samples. The spectra tended to show similar patterns for 2 species within the same genus (Chamaecyparis, Abies, Picea, Pinus, Pseudotsuga and Tsuga).\u0000Light transmittance differed between the sapwood and the heartwood in several species, and, patterns of the difference differed among the different genera.\u0000Peaks at around 1100 nm were observed in both the sapwood and heartwood of all samples. Maximum conductivities of light at these peaks were relatively lower in wood species with helical thickenings (genera Pseudotsuga, Torreya and Taxus). Based on these results, it can be seen that the anatomical characteristics of wood influence the transmittance of light. The density of wood and secondary metabolites occurring in heartwood are also thought to influence the transmittance of light.","PeriodicalId":55037,"journal":{"name":"IAWA Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48699821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0