IAWA Journal最新文献_第2页

Effect of different stand densities on xylem and phloem formation in Norway spruce plantations 不同林分密度对挪威云杉人工林木质部和韧皮部形成的影响

3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-bja10140

Kyriaki Giagli, Hanuš Vavrčík, Dimitrios Tsalagkas, Jakub Černý, Jan Leugner, Jana Hacurová, Vladimír Gryc

{"title":"Effect of different stand densities on xylem and phloem formation in Norway spruce plantations","authors":"Kyriaki Giagli, Hanuš Vavrčík, Dimitrios Tsalagkas, Jakub Černý, Jan Leugner, Jana Hacurová, Vladimír Gryc","doi":"10.1163/22941932-bja10140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10140","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Preliminary results of an investigation of the thinning effect on Norway spruce tree growth in terms of xylogenesis and phloemogenesis are presented. Three plots were selected where the stand densities were reduced by pre-commercial thinning to 1800 trees/ha (plot A; mild thinning) and 1300 trees/ha (plot C; heavy thinning) in February 2020. Plot B had no silvicultural intervention and represented a control variant (4500 trees/ha). Three dominant 14-year-old Norway spruce trees were sampled (micro-cored) for studying the xylem and phloem formation in the 2020 growing season. The total differentiation duration was determined to be around 169.7 ± 12.7–179.3 ± 4.0 days. The average number of xylem cells formed in control plot B was only 140 mature cells, plots C and A were determined to have 175 and 200 mature cells, respectively. Plot A had the fastest growth rate of all the plots studied. In all three plots (A, B, C), the beginning of the early phloem, late phloem sieve cells, and axial parenchyma cells coincided. Nonetheless, in terms of total phloem cell increase, plot C displayed the fastest growth rate among the three plots studied. The first results showed that the rate of total increment in both xylem and phloem cells, as well as the total number of produced tracheids and sieve cells, seem to be positively affected after the thinning application.","PeriodicalId":55037,"journal":{"name":"IAWA Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136181907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Properties of Catalpa bungei (Bignoniaceae) earlywood and latewood in the same growth ring during moisture adsorption/desorption: swelling and shrinkage at the cell level 黄叶梓(biignoniaceae)早木和晚木在同一生长期吸湿/解吸过程中的特性:细胞水平上的肿胀和收缩

3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-bja10138

Fangyu Yin, Jiali Jiang, Shixiong Sheng, Ping Wang, Yong Yang, Yafang Yin

{"title":"Properties of Catalpa bungei (Bignoniaceae) earlywood and latewood in the same growth ring during moisture adsorption/desorption: swelling and shrinkage at the cell level","authors":"Fangyu Yin, Jiali Jiang, Shixiong Sheng, Ping Wang, Yong Yang, Yafang Yin","doi":"10.1163/22941932-bja10138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10138","url":null,"abstract":"Summary In this study, Dynamic Vapor Sorption Resolution combined with a Dino-Lite Edge Digital Microscope was used to document in real-time the swelling/shrinkage behavior of earlywood and latewood cells (wood fiber and vessel) on homogeneous samples of Catalpa bungei C.A.Mey. at the microscopic scale. The results showed that the lumen and cell wall of wood fibers swelled with the increase of relative humidity and shrank with the decrease of relative humidity in the sorption cycle of 0∼95% relative humidity condition. However, vessels showed an opposite trend to the behaviors mentioned above. In any region of both types of cells, latewood cell size (area and diameter) changed more significantly. For diameter change, the change of tangential diameter was larger than that of radial diameter. In addition, in the sorption cycle, the size (area and diameter) change of any region of wood fiber and vessel showed swelling hysteresis. Compared with earlywood cells, latewood cells had a more pronounced swelling hysteretic value, and the swelling hysteretic value in the tangential direction was higher than that in the radial direction in terms of diameter. Sorption hysteresis might be one of the contributing factors to swelling hysteresis. Finally, it was found that under any relative humidity, the dimensional changes of the wood fibers and the vessels were immediately stabilized when the moisture content reached its equilibrium.","PeriodicalId":55037,"journal":{"name":"IAWA Journal","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136181904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advanced imaging and quantification of the cambium and developing xylem in eucalypts using X-ray micro- and nano-computed tomography 利用X射线微纳计算机断层扫描技术对桉树形成层和发育中的木质部进行高级成像和定量

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2023-08-18 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-bja10135

L. Schoeman, D. Drew

{"title":"Advanced imaging and quantification of the cambium and developing xylem in eucalypts using X-ray micro- and nano-computed tomography","authors":"L. Schoeman, D. Drew","doi":"10.1163/22941932-bja10135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10135","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In recent years, the popularity of X-ray computed tomography (CT), as a non-destructive imaging technique, has continued to expand in various research domains. In wood research, X-ray CT has proven to be useful for three-dimensional (3D) structural studies investigating the complex tissues of trees. Wood formation (i.e., xylogenesis) initiates in the cambium and a narrow zone of subsequent differentiation, both of which play key roles in plant growth and development. However, the dynamics of xylogenesis in eucalypts remain relatively poorly understood, in large part due to challenges in sampling, imaging, and characterizing the cambium. Therefore, the aim of this study was to present a workflow to evaluate the feasibility of using X-ray CT to characterize and quantify the structural properties of the cambium in eucalypts. The growth responses of Corymbia hybrid seedlings, exposed to either irrigated or droughted conditions, was investigated by monitoring the structural development of the cambium. To track microstructural changes in the cambium, the same seedlings were imaged with X-ray micro-CT (μCT) one day before the treatments and again six days after the respective treatments. After the last X-ray μCT scan, X-ray nano-CT was also applied. Using image analysis techniques, the morphological characteristics of the cambium could be determined. X-ray μCT displayed a larger, thicker cambial zone in irrigated plants, while a much thinner cambium was visible in droughted seedlings. X-ray nano-CT revealed that droughted plants were associated with a significantly () smaller cambium volume containing smaller cells, compared to the cambium of irrigated plants. Light microscopy was used to validate the CT results and demonstrated no significant () difference in the cambium width and cell diameter obtained from the two respective CT techniques. The findings of this study proved X-ray CT to be a valuable tool for examining the effect of changing environmental conditions on the complex cambium structure of Corymbia hybrid seedlings.","PeriodicalId":55037,"journal":{"name":"IAWA Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49349317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study of antioxidant enzymes’ activity in reaction wood of poplar tree (Populus alba L.) 白杨反应材抗氧化酶活性的研究

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-bja10136

Abasali Masoumi, K. Pourtahmasi, Reza Maali Amiri

引用次数: 0

Evaluating Carlquist’s Law from a physiological perspective 从生理学角度评价卡尔奎斯特定律

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2023-08-15 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-bja10134

Kate M. Johnson, Sophie R. Everbach, N. Holbrook, M. Olson

{"title":"Evaluating Carlquist’s Law from a physiological perspective","authors":"Kate M. Johnson, Sophie R. Everbach, N. Holbrook, M. Olson","doi":"10.1163/22941932-bja10134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10134","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000“Carlquist’s Law” is a striking pattern of association between anatomical features in the wood of vessel-bearing plants. It derives from Sherwin Carlquist’s observation that xylem vessels tend to be solitary when embedded in a matrix of imperforate tracheary elements that appear to be conductive, whereas xylem vessels tend to be grouped when surrounded by seemingly non-conductive cells. Vessel-vessel contacts (vessel grouping) allow water to travel between conduits, but also provide pathways for air to propagate from embolized (air-filled) vessels into functional vessels. If the background matrix is conductive, it is conceivable that water could bypass embolized vessels, providing an alternative transport route in species with conductive backgrounds and solitary vessels. Much remains to be tested in this hypothesis, including the topology of the vessel networks in species with solitary versus grouped vessels and how conductive the different imperforate tracheary element types are. Exploring Carlquist’s Law promises to provide key insight into the causes of embolism in plant conduits, the modes of embolism passage between conduits, and how vessels and the cells in which they are imbedded may interact to govern the pathways of water flow through plants.","PeriodicalId":55037,"journal":{"name":"IAWA Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45267880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring monsoon precipitation signal in the Peruvian tropical montane cloud forest: Andean Walnut wood anatomy plasticity 探索秘鲁热带山地云雾林季风降水信号:安第斯胡桃木解剖可塑性

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-bja10132

Ernesto C. Rodríguez-Ramírez, Doris B. Crispin‐DelaCruz, M. Morales, G. Ticse-Otarola, F. N. Ames-Martínez, Anthony Guerra, Cassiana Alves-Ferreira, Edilson J. Requena-Rojas

引用次数: 0

Anatomical and isotopic traits in grapevine wood rings record environmental variability 葡萄藤木环的解剖和同位素特征记录了环境变异

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2023-07-11 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-bja10131

N. Damiano, G. Battipaglia, P. Cherubini, C. Amitrano, S. Altieri, L. Schneider, A. Balzano, C. Cirillo, Veronica De Micco

{"title":"Anatomical and isotopic traits in grapevine wood rings record environmental variability","authors":"N. Damiano, G. Battipaglia, P. Cherubini, C. Amitrano, S. Altieri, L. Schneider, A. Balzano, C. Cirillo, Veronica De Micco","doi":"10.1163/22941932-bja10131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10131","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In the Mediterranean region, prolonged droughts affect the growth and reproductive cycles of grapevine. Changes in the physiological processes of grapevine, consequent to variations in environmental factors or cultivation management, are recorded in wood anatomical and isotopic traits in grapevine stems. In this study, we measured the anatomical traits and stable carbon isotope content in the annual rings of Vitis vinifera L. subsp. vinifera ‘Falanghina’ in four vineyards located in southern Italy, characterised by different water availability. The aim was to investigate how wood anatomical traits respond to interannual climatic variations according to local conditions. Wood cores were taken from the stem of the grapevines and subjected to both microscopy and carbon stable isotope analyses to quantify functional wood anatomical traits, such as vessel size and frequency, and the intrinsic water-use efficiency of the grapevine. Wood traits were correlated with data on precipitation and temperature. The results showed that the plants at the four vineyards were characterised by differences in wood structure influencing the grapevine’s physiology under different conditions of water availability. Overall, the analyses showed that the grapevines at the wetter sites developed wood traits, e.g., wide vessels, which favour the efficiency of water flow, while at the drier sites, they developed plant traits, e.g., small vessels, which favour safety against embolism. However, the robustness of such main trends is trait-specific and is influenced by interannual climatic variability.","PeriodicalId":55037,"journal":{"name":"IAWA Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44599929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A technique for high-density wood softening in the micro-sectioning process for wood anatomy studies 用于木材解剖研究的微切片过程中的高密度木材软化技术

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-bja10130

Riya Tudu Solanki

引用次数: 1

Walter Liese (1926–2023) 沃尔特-利斯（1926-2023）

3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-00002249

引用次数: 0

Paleocene fossil wood from Patagonia with storied rays and comments on the fossil record of this character 巴塔哥尼亚古新世木化石及其化石记录评述

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

IAWA Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1163/22941932-bja10129

Daniela P. Ruiz, Roberto R. Pujana, M. Brea

引用次数: 0